scholarly journals The effects of fiscal decentralization in Albania

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Dr.Sc. Blerta Dragusha ◽  
Dr.Sc. Elez Osmani
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Democratic Reform ◽  
Management Of Resources ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Collection And Management

“Basically decentralization is a democratic reform which seeks to transfer the political, administrative, financial and planning authority from central to local government. It seeks to develop civic participation, empowerment of local people in decision making process and to promote accountability and reliability: To achieve efficiency and effectiveness in the collection and management of resources and service delivery”1The interest and curiosity of knowing how our country is doing in this process, still unfinished, served as a motivation forme to treat this topic: fiscal decentralization as a process of giving 'power' to local governments, not only in terms of rights deriving from this process but also on the responsibilities that come with it.Which are the stages before and after decentralization, and how has it affected the process in several key indicators? Is decentralization a good process only, or can any of its effects be seen as an disadvantage?

scholarly journals Dampak Desentralisasi Fiskal terhadap Volatilitas Belanja Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-138
Author(s):  
Benedictus Raksaka Mahi ◽  
Syarah Siti Supriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Government Transparency ◽  
Before And After

The volatility of expenditures sub-local derived from central government transparency in transfers to local governments may aggravate sublocal economy. This study aims to analyze the eect of fiscal decentralization to the level of volatility of local government spending in 230 sub-local in Indonesia. We use two periods, before and after the implementation of Law No. 28 Year 2009. The regression results indicate that the volatility of local government spending may decrease if the degree of fiscal decentralization increases, especially at the time when districts implement that law. As responsive taxation can provide incentives for smooth spending for sub-local government. ================================= Volatilitas belanja pemerintah kabupaten/kota yang berasal dari ketidakpastian transfer pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah daerah dapat memperburuk perekonomian kabupaten/kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh desentralisasi fiskal terhadap tingkat volatilitas belanja riil pemerintah pada 230 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia serta membandingkan data sebelum dan sesudah implementasi UU No. 28 Tahun 2009. Hasil menunjukkan semakin tinggi derajat desentralisasi fiskal, cenderung menurunkan volatilitas belanja riil pemerintah kabupaten/kota karena kemampuan fiskal kabupaten/kota cenderung meningkat setelah implementasi UU tersebut. Pajak properti merupakan sumber penerimaan daerah yang dapat diprediksi sehingga pemerintah kabupaten/kota dapat mengelola belanja daerahnya dengan lebih pasti dan terukur.

Determinants of the Distribution of the Central-Government Budgetary Grants in Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Recep Tekeli ◽  
Muhittin Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Fiscal Disparities ◽  
Grant Allocation ◽  
Incumbent Party ◽  
Government Grant ◽  
Economic Criteria

Intergovernmental grants are the main revenue source of local governments. In the fiscal decentralization literature it has been argued that fiscal disparities across the regions are accounted for in the central-government grant distribution. However, some argue that grants are given to localities to increase the reelection chances of the incumbent or to increase the votes at election. To compete with the opposition parties the incumbent party may try to allocate the grants to aligned local governments. In this paper we analyze the grant allocation in Turkey. We test empirically whether central-government's budgetary transfers to the municipalities were made on the basis of economic criteria or in accordance with the political interest of politicians, and hence the coalition government. To test the hypothesis we followed the literature but we used additional variables. Using municipal data in sixty-one provinces, we find that the desire to secure reelection motivates politicians.

scholarly journals Analisis kinerja keuangan pemerintah daerah sebelum dan setelah ditetapkannya keputusan menteri dalam negeri no. 29 tahun 2002

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-186
Author(s):  
Cici Dewi Sari Murni
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Parametric Statistics

This study aims to see whether there are differences in local government financial performance before and after the stipulation of Kepmendagri No.29 of 2002. This research was conducted in 12 districts/cities in Aceh which had not been expanded until 2001. The data used were secondary data with data collection techniques. documentation derived from the BPS in the Province of Aceh and other supporting sources. The variables used are the ratio of financial ability, ability to mobilize, level of dependency, and fiscal decentralization. Data were analyzed using parametric statistics which are different tests for two paired samples (paired sample t-test). The results showed that the financial performance of local governments in the form of financing ability, mobilization ability, level of dependency before the stipulation of Kepmendagri No. 29 of 2002 was not different from after the stipulation of Kepmendagri No. 29 of 2002, whereas in the form of fiscal decentralization before the stipulation of Kepmendagri No. 29 of 2002 is different from after the stipulation of Kepmendagri No. 29 of 2002.

scholarly journals How Roma Mayors Penetrate the Municipal Power Structures: Resisting the Non-Roma Dominance in Slovak Local Governments

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-411
Author(s):  
Tomáš Hrustič
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
Power Asymmetries

AbstractThis paper discusses the outcomes of power asymmetries in Slovak municipalities with Roma population and presents examples how local Roma leaders resist the non-Roma dominance by active participation in local elections. Presenting data from field research and long-term repeated observations, the paper shows successful strategies of elected Roma mayors who disrupt the usual perception of the Roma as objects of decision-making process and passive recipients of various policies. In these paternalistic beliefs Roma have never been seen as actors who can control resources, who could hold the political power and who could decide how to use the resources. Although the Roma have penetrated the power structures of many municipalities, they are not able to wipe out invisible ethnic boundaries, or, at least, to soften and disrupt them. However, as the text illustrates, it seems that the political power asymmetries in a significant number of municipalities are being balanced, nevertheless, the symbolic dominance and symbolic power of non-Roma still persists.

scholarly journals Samorząd terytorialny miasta Kalisza. Doświadczenia minionego dwudziestolecia

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Agnieszka ŻMURKIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Political System ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness

The reinstatement of local government at the level of the district in Poland in 1990 has resulted in the actual empowerment of local communities, while the local governments have become able to define the goals of local policy that are in line with the expectations of local communities. The local government of Kalisz has taken advantage of the new opportunities to improve the living conditions and standard of living of its citizens since it was instituted. Over the years, due to changes in the political system, related to the establishment of counties, the local government of Kalisz has received new operating opportunities, implementing projects at the level of both districts and counties. The political transformation was complemented by the changes in the election principles of the executive, which has significantly improved the efficiency and effectiveness of the President of Kalisz. The activities of local government have been concentrated on the increasing of social integration by means of taking maximum advantage of local assets and potential. In order to achieve these goals promotional instruments have been employed to encourage foreign investors to investment in Kalisz. A significant part of the local government’s activities concern its longstanding international cooperation with towns in Western, as well as Central and Eastern Europe.

PROBLEMS OF LOCAL BUDGETS’ ORGANIZATION IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF FINANCIAL DECENTRALIZATION

2017 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Yurij RADELYTSKYJ
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Intergovernmental Transfers ◽  
Financial Autonomy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
Expert Community

Introduction. Fiscal decentralization as the main vector of development of Ukraine in general and local government in particular has set scientific and expert community task of defining feasibility and effectiveness of the reforms and their compliance with requirements and needs of society. Purpose. Analysis of the tool of organization of local budgets in Ukraine due to decentralization process to define the main results of these innovations and make recommendations for improving the system. Results. Specific features of organization of local budgets in Ukraine in terms of local government reform are observed. It is made comparative analysis of formation and execution of local budgets before and after the reform. Peculiarities of formation of the revenue of local governments are examined. Tax revenue is defined as the main source of local budgets. It is analyzed the main characteristics of collection of major budget-taxes. The features of expenditure policies at the local level are investigated. The main problems of this process are defined. It is investigated the place and role of intergovernmental transfers as a part of local budgets. The features of forming of intergovernmental transfers and horizontal fiscal equalization of local budgets in consequence of financial decentralization are determined. General conclusions resulting from the study are made. Conclusion. Reform of the system of local budgets requires a comprehensive update of local government and simultaneous implementation of sectoral reforms. In the system of local budget revenues development and selection of algorithm of formation of a well-defined orientation to ensure financial autonomy and financial viability and its implementation on an ongoing basis is a priority. The task of reforming expenditure part of local budgets is orientation of financial resources to secure capital expenditures and implementing their own powers of local government.

scholarly journals Regional Financial Performance Before and After The Regional Autonomy in Special Region of Yogyakarta

Telaah Bisnis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko Susanto ◽  
Rudy Badrudin ◽  
Nuri Marlia
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Financial Balance ◽  
Special Region

Abstract The purpose of this study to examines and analyze differences the financial performance of local governments before and after decentralization. Through regional autonomy, local government has the authority to explore the role of the allocation of income and perform independently in setting development priorities. It is based on Law No. 23/2014 on Regional Government and Law No. 33/2004 on Financial Balance between Central and Local Government. The sample in this study were all districts in Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) in the period of 1994 to 2015. The sample used is districts in DIY namely Bantul, Gunungkidul, Kulon Progo, Sleman Regency, and Yogyakarta City. Data used in this research is secondary data. Data analysis using Paired Sample T - Test. These results indicate that there is no difference of fiscal decentralization degrees in districts in DIY before and after regional autonomy; there is no difference of regional financial independence ratio in districts in DIY before and after regional autonomy; and there is differences of regional financial in harmony ratio in districts in DIY before and after regional autonomy.

scholarly journals Монгол улсад төвлөрлийг сааруулах асуудал

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Энхтайван Л ◽  
Ариунаа Л
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Fiscal Autonomy ◽  
Fiscal Centralization

No Mongolian AbstractIn general decentralization is connected with the transfer of responsibilities for planning, management, resource raising and allocation from the central government to the lower levels of government. In particular fiscal decentralization means that local authorities become responsible for the expenditure and revenue assignment. From the economic and political science perspectives fiscal decentralization will improve resource allocation and accountability, which results in an efficient and effective supply of public goods and support private markets.In last decade Mongolia has introduced a number of decentralization measures, which followed a top dawn approach and were slowly implemented without any integrated decentralization strategy. Currently Mongolia is a de-concentrated state with fiscal centralization. The local governments are still far away from having the political, administrative and fiscal autonomy to manage their own affairs.

Women in Power and Decision making Positions : Conditions and Restraints

1970 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Azza Charara Baydoun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Slow Progress

Women today are considered to be outside the political and administrative power structures and their participation in the decision-making process is non-existent. As far as their participation in the political life is concerned they are still on the margins. The existence of patriarchal society in Lebanon as well as the absence of governmental policies and procedures that aim at helping women and enhancing their political participation has made it very difficult for women to be accepted as leaders and to be granted votes in elections (UNIFEM, 2002).This above quote is taken from a report that was prepared to assess the progress made regarding the status of Lebanese women both on the social and governmental levels in light of the Beijing Platform for Action – the name given to the provisions of the Fourth Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. The above quote describes the slow progress achieved by Lebanese women in view of the ambitious goal that requires that the proportion of women occupying administrative or political positions in Lebanon should reach 30 percent of thetotal by the year 2005!

Fiscal Decentralization in Transition Economies

2004 ◽  
pp. 126-141
Author(s):  
A. Chernyavsky ◽  
K. Vartapetov
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Finance Reform ◽  
Fiscal Transfers ◽  
Fiscal Autonomy ◽  
Subnational Government ◽  
Tax Autonomy

By employing the methodology developed by the OECD the paper assesses the degree of revenue decentralization in Russia in comparison with other post-communist European countries. The paper provides theoretical arguments underpinning fiscal decentralization, analyzes the composition of subnational government revenues, the level of regional and local tax autonomy and types of intergovernmental fiscal transfers. The analysis presents the composition of revenues depending on the degree of subnational and local government control. In comparison with other transition countries fiscal decentralization in Russia is relatively low. It is concluded that Russia's public finance reform has not progressed towards providing greater fiscal autonomy for regional and local governments.

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