scholarly journals Unvaccinated child tetanus from nasal toy battery

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-324
Author(s):  
Lukáš Homola ◽  
Josef Klučka ◽  
Jan Helešic ◽  
Zlata Jirsenská ◽  
Milan Kratochvíl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unvaccinated Child

scholarly journals Autonomic Dysfunction Because of Severe Tetanus in an Unvaccinated Child

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Syuan Lin ◽  
Li-Kuang Chen ◽  
Teng-Yi Lin ◽  
Shu-Hui Wen ◽  
Ming-Chun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autonomic Dysfunction ◽  
Unvaccinated Child ◽  
Severe Tetanus

scholarly journals Molecular Characterisation of a Rare Reassortant Porcine-Like G5P[6] Rotavirus Strain Detected in an Unvaccinated Child in Kasama, Zambia

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Wairimu M. Maringa ◽  
Peter N. Mwangi ◽  
Julia Simwaka ◽  
Evans M. Mpabalwani ◽  
Jason M. Mwenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Reassortment Event ◽  
Reassortant Strain ◽  
Unvaccinated Child ◽  
Cognate Gene

A human-porcine reassortant strain, RVA/Human-wt/ZMB/UFS-NGS-MRC-DPRU4723/2014/G5P[6], was identified in a sample collected in 2014 from an unvaccinated 12 month old male hospitalised for gastroenteritis in Zambia. We sequenced and characterised the complete genome of this strain which presented the constellation: G5-P[6]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. The genotype A8 is often observed in porcine strains. Phylogenetic analyses showed that VP6, VP7, NSP2, NSP4, and NSP5 genes were closely related to cognate gene sequences of porcine strains (e.g., RVA/Pig-wt/CHN/DZ-2/2013/G5P[X] for VP7) from the NCBI database, while VP1, VP3, VP4, and NSP3 were closely related to porcine-like human strains (e.g., RVA/Human-wt/CHN/E931/2008/G4P[6] for VP1, and VP3). On the other hand, the origin of the VP2 was not clear from our analyses, as it was not only close to both porcine (e.g., RVA/Pig-tc/CHN/SWU-1C/2018/G9P[13]) and porcine-like human strains (e.g., RVA/Human-wt/LKA/R1207/2009/G4P[6]) but also to three human strains (e.g., RVA/Human-wt/USA/1476/1974/G1P[8]). The VP7 gene was located in lineage II that comprised only porcine strains, which suggests the occurrence of independent porcine-to-human reassortment events. The study strain may have collectively been derived through interspecies transmission, or through reassortment event(s) involving strains of porcine and porcine-like human origin. The results of this study underline the importance of whole-genome characterisation of rotavirus strains and provide insights into interspecies transmissions from porcine to humans.

scholarly journals Notes from the Field: Tetanus in an Unvaccinated Child — Oregon, 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 231-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Guzman-Cottrill ◽  
Christina Lancioni ◽  
Carl Eriksson ◽  
Yoon-Jae Cho ◽  
Juventila Liko
Keyword(s):  
Unvaccinated Child

scholarly journals Vaccine-associated paralytic Poliomyelitis: a case report of domiciliary transmission

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Paz ◽  
Marcelo G. Vallada ◽  
Silvia N. C. H. Marques ◽  
Erasmo B. Casella ◽  
Heloisa H. S. Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Paralytic Poliomyelitis ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Fecal Culture ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Strain Vaccine ◽  
Unvaccinated Child ◽  
Type 3

Poliomyelitis associated with live strain vaccine is defined as the paralytic form of the acute anterior poliomyelitis related to the vaccine strain. Since these strains behave similarly to the wild-type virus, we can differentiate, epidemiologically, two types of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis: cases in which the patient was vaccinated and cases in which the patient had had contact with vaccinated individuals. We herein present the case of an unvaccinated child, with a clinical picture of an acute anterior poliomyelitis associated with the live strain vaccine, whose brother received the Sabin vaccine 20 days before the onset of the symptoms. Vaccine strain of the type 3 poliovirus was isolated in fecal culture and a presented mutation in nucleotide 472 (C<FONT FACE="Symbol">®</font>U) in the 5' non-coding region, which is strongly related to the higher strain virulence.

Clinical profile of children (0-5 years) with rota virus diarrhea

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrish Bhatnagar ◽  
Geetika Srivastva
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Rota Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Unvaccinated Child ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea

Background: Rotavirus is a common cause of acute watery diarrhea in under 5 years’ children and it may cause severely dehydrating disease in an unvaccinated child. Methods: A Cross sectional study including children aged 0-5 years presenting with complaints of acute watery diarrhea with or without fever at Department of Paediatrics, Eras Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh).Results: Among 399 patients of acute diarrhea, 385 were discharged and 14 took leave against medical advice. No mortality was reported in this study. Out of 399 patients enrolled 161 (40.4%) were rota virus positive on ELISA assay with mean age 18.65 months. (p=0.028). Rotavirus positivity rate was higher among those having decreased urine (p <0.001), severe dehydration (p <0.001), those with mix/formula feed (89.3%) as compared to those having exclusive breastfeeding (33.3%) in <6 month infants (p <0.001), Only 17.5% of the patients had rotavirus immunization however, the positivity rate among those with rotavirus immunization was only slightly lower (40.0%) as compared to those having incomplete rotavirus immunization (40.4%) (p=0.947). Dehydration rate was significantly higher among cases with incomplete immunization (p <0.001).Conclusions: Severe malnutrition, mix/formula feed and improper hygiene makes the children prone for developing acute rotavirus diarrhea. Children with acute rotavirus diarrhea should be monitored for the development of severe dehydration, decreased urine output and electrolyte derangement especially hypokalemia. 

scholarly journals Molecular and epidemiological characterisation of toxigenic and non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae, C. belfantii and C. ulcerans isolates identified in Spain from 2014 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hoefer ◽  
Despina Pampaka ◽  
Silvia Herrera-León ◽  
Sonia Peiró ◽  
Sarai Varona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Unvaccinated Child ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
First Time

This study examines the microbiological and epidemiological characteristics of toxigenic and non-toxigenic Corynebacterium isolates submitted to the national reference laboratory in Spain, between 2014 and 2019, in order to describe the current situation and improve our knowledge regarding these emerging pathogens. Epidemiological information was extracted from the Spanish Surveillance System. Microbiological and molecular characterisation was carried out using phenotypic methods, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), whole genome sequencing (WGS) and core genome MLST (cgMLST). Thirty-nine isolates were analysed. Twenty-one were identified as C. diphtheriae (six toxigenic), 14 as C. belfantii and four as C. ulcerans (three toxigenic). One C. diphtheriae isolate was identified as non-toxigenic tox gene-bearing (NTTB). Ages of patients ranged from one to 89 years, with 10% (3/30) of non-toxigenic and 22% (2/9) of toxigenic isolates collected from children less than 15 years. Twenty-five of the patients were males (17/30 in non-toxigenic; 8/9 in toxigenic). MLST identified 28 sequence types (STs) of which seven were described for the first time in Spain. WGS analysis showed that 10 isolates, including three toxigenic isolates, harbored a variety of antibiotic resistance genes in addition to the high prevalence of penicillin resistance phenotypically demonstrated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed one cluster of isolates from family members. Risk information was available for toxigenic isolates (9/39); three patients reported recent travels to endemic countries and three had contact with cats/dogs. One unvaccinated child with respiratory diphtheria had a fatal outcome. Including non-toxigenic Corynebacterium infections in the disease surveillance and using WGS could further improve current surveillance.

Influenza associated with circulatory collapse and atrioventricular block in an unvaccinated child with repaired CHD

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-742
Author(s):  
Jyothsna Akam-Venkata ◽  
Sanjeev Aggarwal ◽  
Peter P. Karpawich
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Atrioventricular Block ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Circulatory Collapse ◽  
Complete Atrioventricular Block ◽  
Cardiac Inflammation ◽  
Unvaccinated Child ◽  
Complete Atrioventricular

AbstractSymptomatic, circulatory collapse occurred in an unvaccinated child with repaired congenital heart and a backup pacemaker during an Influenza B viral infection with complete atrioventricular block and pacemaker non-capture. Ventricular arrhythmias occurred during her collapse. Atrioventricular conduction recovered within 24 hours. Influenza-associated cardiac inflammation can adversely affect patients with repaired CHD. Proactive immunisation is strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Predictors of time-to-death on children in Tigray regional state, Ethiopia: a retrospective cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebru Gebremeskel Gebrerufael ◽  
Bsrat Tesfay Hagos
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Unvaccinated Child ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Background Although, the clinical and socioeconomic condition of Tigray Regional State mothers has been improved along with the decline in the child death rate. However, children’s death rate is still one of the main community serious challenging issues of public health concern. Thus, the main objective of this current investigation was to identify the major predictor factors for short time-to-death in Children in the Tigray Regional State. Methods The study used a secondary data with cross-sectional study design. The information gathered was from 1018 childbirths 5 years prior to the survey. Independent variables such as mother’s demographic variables, child demographic variables, healthiness and environmental factors were considered major hazard predictors of children’s short time-to-death rate. This current investigation used bivariable and multivariable Cox regression model analysis to identify the major statistically significant associations with children’s time-to-death rate. Results One thousand eighteen children under 5 years of age were included in the study. Of them, 50% of the children were males, and the median survival time-to-death of children was 26 months. Overall, the prevalence of experiencing child’s death rate in the Tigray Regional State was 4.2%. The multivariable Cox regression model analysis showed that living rural place of residence (AHR = 19.8; 95% CI: (7.25–54.049)), being unvaccinated child (no) (AHR = 2.76; 95% CI: (1.071–7.11)), and poor wealth index (AHR = 15.4; 95% CI: (2.83–84)) were statistically significant predictors of time-to-death rate of children’s. Conclusion The study recognized that being a rural place of residence, unvaccinated child status (no) and poor wealth index were statistically significant predictors of children’s short time-to-death rate.

scholarly journals Measles outbreaks affecting children in Jewish ultra-orthodox communities in Jerusalem

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. STEIN-ZAMIR ◽  
G. ZENTNER ◽  
N. ABRAMSON ◽  
H. SHOOB ◽  
Y. ABOUDY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Index Case ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Unvaccinated Child ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Measles Outbreaks

SUMMARYIn 2003 and 2004 two measles outbreaks occurred in Jewish ultra-orthodox communities in Jerusalem. The index case of the first outbreak (March 2003) was a 2-year-old unvaccinated child from Switzerland. Within 5 months, 107 cases (mean age 8·3±7·5 years) emerged in three crowded neighbourhoods. The first cases of the second outbreak (June 2004) were in three girls aged 4–5 years in one kindergarten in another community. By November 2004, 117 cases (mean age 7·3±6·5 years) occurred. The virus genotypes were D8 and D4 respectively. Altogether, 96 households accounted for the two outbreaks, with two or more patients per family in 79% of cases. Most cases (91·5%) were unvaccinated. Immunization coverage was lower in outbreak than in non-outbreak neighbourhoods (88·3% vs. 90·3%, P=0·001). Controlling the outbreaks necessitated a culture-sensitive approach, and targeted efforts increased MMR vaccine coverage (first dose) to 95·2%. Despite high national immunization coverage (94–95%), special attention to specific sub-populations is essential.

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