Shape difference of mud clasts depending on depositional facies: application of newly modified elliptic Fourier analysis to hybrid event beds

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1410-1435
Author(s):  
Sojiro Fukuda ◽  
Hajime Naruse
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Shape Parameters ◽  
Elliptic Fourier Analysis ◽  
Depositional Facies ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Muddy Sediments ◽  
Hybrid Event

ABSTRACT Hybrid event beds are the deposits from sediment gravity flows that change their rheological behavior through their passage, entraining muddy sediments and damping turbulence. Muddy facies of hybrid event beds are often associated with abundant mud clasts which show a wide variety of size and shape. The variation of clast occurrence in hybrid event beds is expected to preserve the information of entrainment and transport processes of muddy sediments in submarine density currents. However, previous analyses of hybrid event beds have focused on describing the overall clast occurrence rather than the statistical size and shape analyses because traditional shape parameters are incapable of characterizing the complex shape of mud clasts. Here, a new quantitative grain-shape analysis of mud clasts is conducted and allows visualization of the spatial variation of clast size and shape, which suggests the wide variety of origin and transport systems of entrained mud clasts. This new method revises the traditional elliptic Fourier analysis, substituting Fourier power spectra (FPS) for traditional elliptic Fourier descriptors to overcome the mirror-wise shape problem. Further, principal-component analysis is shown to capture significant shape attributes more effectively than traditional shape parameters. The proposed method is applied to mud clasts in sediment-gravity-flow deposits in the lower Pleistocene Otadai Formation, central Japan. Results imply that there are distinctive shape and size differences of mud clasts that are strongly associated with depositional facies rather than the distance from the source. The clasts have a higher angularity than other facies in the debrite intervals in hybrid event beds. It is also shown that clasts in sandy, structureless facies have different characteristics in shapes based on elongation and convexity compared to laminated facies. Comparison between different shape-analysis methods demonstrates that none of the traditional methods are able to visualize these trends as effectively as the method presented herein. These results highlight the importance of the quantitative shape analysis of sediment grains and the effectiveness of FPS-based elliptic Fourier analysis.

Foot asymmetry in healthy adults: Elliptic fourier analysis of standardized footprints

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 758-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Giovanni Michielon ◽  
Nicola Fragnito ◽  
Virgilio F. Ferrario
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Elliptic Fourier Analysis ◽  
Foot Asymmetry

Transport Phenomena and Properties in Treelike Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Xu ◽  
Agus Pulung Sasmito ◽  
Boming Yu ◽  
Arun Sadashiv Mujumdar
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Branching Structures ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer ◽  
Flow Heat

Treelike structures abound in natural as well as man-made transport systems, which have fascinated multidisciplinary researchers to study the transport phenomena and properties and understand the transport mechanisms of treelike structures for decades. The fluid flow and heat transfer in treelike networks have received an increasing attention over the past decade as the highly efficient transport processes observed in natural treelike structures can provide useful hints for optimal solutions to many engineering and industrial problems. This review paper attempts to present the background and research progress made in recent years on the transport phenomenon in treelike networks as well as technological applications of treelike structures. The subtopics included are optimization of branching structures, scaling laws of treelike networks, and transport properties for laminar flow, turbulent flow, heat conduction, and heat convection in treelike networks. Analytical expressions for the effective transport properties have been derived based on deterministic treelike networks, and the effect of branching parameters on the transport properties of treelike networks has also been discussed. Furthermore, numerical simulation results for treelike microchannel networks are presented as well. The proposed transport properties may be beneficial to understand the transport mechanisms of branching structures and promote the applications of treelike networks in engineering and industry.

Description and Quantification of Sexual Dimorphism of Pubic Body Shape in Hispanic Populations Using Elliptic Fourier Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Cantor ◽  
Krista Latham ◽  
Stephen Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
North American ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pubic Bone ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Sex Estimation ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Elliptic Fourier Analysis ◽  
Hispanic Populations ◽  
Effective Principal

Sex estimation is important in the creation of a biological profile for unidentified human remains, as positive identification cannot occur until the decedent’s biological traits have been determined and the range of possible matches has been narrowed. The pubic bone is cited as one of the best indicators of sex due to the constraints of childbirth. Current methods that use the pubic bone for sex estimation, however, rely on poorly defined and subjective observations that are susceptible to inter-and intraobserver error. Additionally, many of the methods currently in use are based on North American populations and thus may not necessarily model the variation seen in other populations around the globe. The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of variation in pubic bone shape in Hispanic populations by separating the influences of sex, ancestry, and age at death. A total of 164 pubic bones from North American Hispanic and Chilean individuals were compared to 287 pubic bones from individuals of Euro-American ancestry from North American collections, using Elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA) of photographs, principal component analysis, and ANCOVA. EFA generated five effective principal components that collectively describe approximately 95% of the variation in the shape of the pubic body. Sex, age at death, and ancestry were all found to significantly influence shape but explained only 25% of the overall variation. The remaining 75% is likely influenced by variables that cannot be controlled for in anthropological analysis, underscoring how little variance in skeletal morphology is actually explainable.

scholarly journals Effect of serum proteins on sodium-linked transport processes in cultured kidney cells.

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1964-1970
Author(s):  
S S Blumenthal ◽  
D L Lewand ◽  
P A Tipnis ◽  
J G Kleinman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Fluid Phase Endocytosis

The mechanism for increased Na+ retention in the nephrotic syndrome is unknown. To determine if Na+ transport systems in the proximal tubule might be affected by filtered proteins, mouse cortical tubule cells grown in defined medium were exposed to concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA) ranging from 0.01 to 0.5%. Activity of the Na(+)-glucose cotransporter, measured as Na(+)-dependent uptake of alpha-methylglucoside, increased progressively to a maximum of 2.3-fold above baseline (P < 0.001; N = 10). The increase in transporter activity was due to an increased Vmax, and the magnitude of the increase was inversely related to the basal cotransporter activity of the cultures. Increased cotransporter activity was detectable 6 h after exposure, was sustained for 24 h after cells were removed from an albumin-free medium, and was prevented by cycloheximide. Heat-treated BSA, fatty-acid and globulin-free BSA, and gamma-globulins were as effective at increasing Na(+)-glucose cotransporter activity as untreated Fraction V BSA. Dextran, dextran-sulfate, and amino acid supplements were ineffective. Neither protease inhibitors nor chloroquine added to an albumin-containing medium prevented increased alpha-methylglucoside uptake. Albumin did not change the rate of fluid-phase endocytosis in the cultured cells. Na(+)-amino acid cotransport and Na(+)-H+ exchange were either decreased or unchanged after BSA exposure. Exposing apical surfaces of cells grown on permeable membranes to BSA led to a greater increase in activity of the Na(+)-glucose cotransporter relative to controls than did exposing the basolateral surface (145 versus 89%; P < 0.05; N = 5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Size and shape analysis ofTrioza erytreaeDel Guercio (Hemiptera: Triozidae), vector of citrus huanglongbing disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 760-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owusu F Aidoo ◽  
Chrysantus M Tanga ◽  
Thomson M Paris ◽  
Sandra A Allan ◽  
Samira A Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Citrus Huanglongbing

Transport characteristics of renal brush border Na(+)- and K(+)-dependent uridine carriers

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. F1203-F1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Lee ◽  
C. I. Cheeseman ◽  
S. M. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Uridine Uptake ◽  
Renal Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Coupling Stoichiometry ◽  
Renal Brush Border

The uptake of uridine into rat renal brush-border membrane vesicles is mediated by Na(+)- and K(+)-dependent concentrative transport processes. At a 100 mM extravesicular cation concentration the apparent Km values were 9.7 +/- 4.2 and 28 +/- 5 microM, and Vmax values were 28 +/- 4 and 7 +/- 1 pmol.mg protein-1.s-1 for the Na(+)- and K(+)-dependent systems, respectively. Uracil, D-ribose, and D-glucose failed to inhibit the uptake processes, indicating that these carriers are specific for nucleosides. Other purines and pyrimidines inhibited uridine uptake competitively, although these two transport systems seem to favor adenosine and pyrimidines as permeants. Evidence is also given that transport is rheogenic, involving a net transfer of positive charge. The Na+:uridine and K+:uridine coupling stoichiometry was found to be 1:1 and 3:2, respectively. Both systems can also be driven by an anion gradient with apparent NO3- affinity (KNO3-) values of 42 +/- 13 and 163 +/- 54 mM for Na(+)- and K(+)-dependent systems, respectively.

Application of Fourier Analysis to the Outline of Object

2012 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 1465-1469
Author(s):  
Jiang Ping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polar Coordinates ◽  
Shape Parameters ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Automatic Methods ◽  
Manual Methods

Precise measurement of shape parameters of gear components is of ultimate importance for performance and service life of machinery. The conventional manual methods with aid of measurement tools rely largely on experiences of testing personnel. This study aims at developing an efficient and automatic methods for gear measurements, based on Fourier analysis with image processing software OPTIMAS. The shape parameters of gear are conveniently derived from the polar coordinates and the Fourier coefficients obtained from the image analysis software. The automatic methods are applied to two types of gear for illustration. The macro written for this purpose is presented and the measurement results are compared with conventional methods. It has been proven that Fourier analysis is a reliable and cost effective method for gear measurement. In addition, the results of Fourier analysis can be used to determine other parameters to characterize shape and size of the gear.

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