scholarly journals Dynamics and deposition of sediment-bearing multi-pulsed flows and geological implication

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1127-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet Luan Ho ◽  
Robert M. Dorrell ◽  
Gareth M. Keevil ◽  
Robert E. Thomas ◽  
Alan D. Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Flow ◽  
Turbidity Currents ◽  
Pulsed Flows ◽  
Longitudinal Variations ◽  
Flow Evolution ◽  
Structure Of Deposits ◽  
Downstream Flow ◽  
Deposit Structure ◽  
Natural Scale ◽  
Geological Implication

ABSTRACT Previous studies on dilute, multi-pulsed, subaqueous saline flows have demonstrated that pulses will inevitably advect forwards to merge with the flow front. On the assumption that pulse merging occurs in natural-scale turbidity currents, it was suggested that multi-pulsed turbidites that display vertical cycles of coarsening and fining would transition laterally to single-pulsed, normally graded turbidites beyond the point of pulse merging. In this study, experiments of dilute, single- and multi-pulsed sediment-bearing flows (turbidity currents) are conducted to test the linkages between downstream flow evolution and associated deposit structure. Experimental data confirm that pulse merging occurs in laboratory-scale turbidity currents. However, only a weak correspondence was seen between longitudinal variations in the internal flow dynamics and the vertical structure of deposits; multi-pulsed deposits were documented, but transitioned to single-pulsed deposits before the pulse merging point. This early transition is attributed to rapid sedimentation-related depletion of the coarser-grained suspended fraction in the laboratory setting, whose absence may have prevented the distal development of multi-pulsed deposits; this factor complicates estimation of the transition point in natural-scale turbidite systems.

Flow Physics of Diffused-Exit Film Cooling Holes Fed by Internal Crossflow

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. McClintic ◽  
Dale W. Fox ◽  
Fraser B. Jones ◽  
David G. Bogard ◽  
Thomas E. Dyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Film Cooling ◽  
Swirling Flow ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Inlet Velocity ◽  
Downstream Flow

Internal crossflow, or internal flow that is perpendicular to the overflowing mainstream, reduces film cooling effectiveness by disrupting the diffusion of coolant at the exit of axial shaped holes. Previous experimental investigations have shown that internal crossflow causes the coolant to bias toward one side of the diffuser and that the severity of the biasing scales with the inlet velocity ratio, VRi, or the ratio of crossflow velocity to the jet velocity in the metering section of the hole. It has been hypothesized and computationally predicted that internal crossflow produces an asymmetric swirling flow within the hole that causes the coolant to bias in the diffuser and that biasing contributes to ingestion of hot mainstream gas into the hole, which is undesirable. However, there are no experimental measurements as of yet to confirm these predictions. In the present study, in and near-hole flow field and thermal field measurements were performed to investigate the flow structures and mainstream ingestion for a standard axial shaped hole fed by internal crossflow. Three different inlet velocity ratios of VRi = 0.24, 0.36, and 0.71 were tested at varying injection rate. Measurements were made in planes normal to the nominal direction of coolant flow at the outlet plane of the hole and at two downstream locations — x/d = 0 and 5. The predicted swirling structure was observed for the highest inlet velocity ratio and flow within the hole was shown to scale with VRi. Ingestion within the diffuser was significant and also scaled with VRi. Downstream flow and thermal fields showed that increased biasing contributed to more severe jet detachment and coolant dispersion away from the surface.

Flow Physics of Diffused-Exit Film Cooling Holes Fed by Internal Crossflow

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. McClintic ◽  
Dale W. Fox ◽  
Fraser B. Jones ◽  
David G. Bogard ◽  
Thomas E. Dyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Film Cooling ◽  
Swirling Flow ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Inlet Velocity ◽  
Downstream Flow ◽  
Film Cooling Holes

Internal crossflow, or internal flow that is perpendicular to the overflowing mainstream, reduces film cooling effectiveness by disrupting the diffusion of coolant at the exit of axial shaped holes. Previous experimental investigations have shown that internal crossflow causes the coolant to bias toward one side of the diffuser and that the severity of the biasing scales with the inlet velocity ratio, VRi, or the ratio of crossflow velocity to the jet velocity in the metering section of the hole. It has been hypothesized and computationally predicted that internal crossflow produces an asymmetric swirling flow within the hole that causes the coolant to bias in the diffuser and that biasing contributes to ingestion of hot mainstream gas into the hole, which is undesirable. However, there are no experimental measurements as of yet to confirm these predictions. In the present study, in- and near-hole flow field and thermal field measurements were performed to investigate the flow structures and mainstream ingestion for a standard axial shaped hole fed by internal crossflow. Three different inlet velocity ratios of VRi = 0.24, 0.36, and 0.71 were tested at varying injection rates. Measurements were made in planes normal to the nominal direction of coolant flow at the outlet plane of the hole and at two downstream locations—x/d = 0 and 5. The predicted swirling structure was observed for the highest inlet velocity ratio and flow within the hole was shown to scale with VRi. Ingestion within the diffuser was significant and also scaled with VRi. Downstream flow and thermal fields showed that increased biasing contributed to more severe jet detachment and coolant dispersion away from the surface.

Particle-laden flow down a slope in uniform stratification

2014 ◽  
Vol 755 ◽  
pp. 251-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Snow ◽  
B. R. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Turbidity Current ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Turbidity Currents ◽  
Constant Density ◽  
Particle Settling ◽  
Flow Evolution ◽  
Explicit Formulae ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Particle Laden Flow

AbstractLock–release laboratory experiments are performed to examine saline and particle-laden flows down a slope into both constant-density and linearly stratified ambients. Both hypopycnal (surface-propagating) currents and hyperpycnal (turbidity) currents are examined, with the focus being upon the influence of ambient stratification on turbidity currents. Measurements are made of the along-slope front speed and the depth at which the turbidity current separates from the slope and intrudes into the ambient. These results are compared to the predictions of a theory that characterizes the flow evolution and separation depth in terms of the slope $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}s$, the entrainment parameter $E$ (the ratio of entrainment to flow speed), the relative stratification parameter $S$ (the ratio of the ambient density difference to the relative current density) and a new parameter $\gamma $ defined to be the ratio of the particle settling to entrainment speed. The implicit prediction for the separation depth, $H_s$, is made explicit by considering limits of small and large separation depth. In the former case of a ‘weak’ turbidity current, entrainment and particle settling are unimportant and separation occurs where the density of the ambient fluid equals the density of the fluid in the lock. In the latter case of a ‘strong’ turbidity current, entrainment and particle settling crucially affect the separation depth. Consistent with theory, we find that the separation depth indeed depends on $\gamma $ if the particle size (and hence settling rate) is sufficiently large and if the current propagates many lock lengths before separating from the slope. A composite prediction that combines the explicit formulae for the separation depth for weak and strong turbidity currents agrees well with experimental measurements over a wide parameter range.

Investigation of the natural ventilation of wind catchers with different geometries in arid region houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 7109-7124
Author(s):  
Nasreddine Sakhri ◽  
Younes Menni ◽  
Houari Ameur ◽  
Ali J. Chamkha ◽  
Noureddine Kaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Ventilation Technique ◽  
Window Position ◽  
The One ◽  
Flow Velocities

The wind catcher or wind tower is a natural ventilation technique that has been employed in the Middle East region and still until nowadays. The present paper aims to study the effect of the one-sided position of a wind catcher device against the ventilated space or building geometry and its natural ventilation performance. Four models based on the traditional design of a one-sided wind catcher are studied and compared. The study is achieved under the climatic conditions of the South-west of Algeria (arid region). The obtained results showed that the front and Takhtabush’s models were able to create the maximum pressure difference (ΔP) between the windward and leeward of the tower-house system. Internal airflow velocities increased with the increase of wind speed in all studied models. For example, at Vwind = 2 m/s, the internal flow velocities were 1.7, 1.8, 1.3, and 2.5 m/s for model 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. However, at Vwind = 6 m/s, the internal flow velocities were 5.6, 5.5, 2.5, and 7 m/s for model 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The higher internal airflow velocities are given by Takhtabush, traditional, front and middle tower models, respectively, with a reduction rate between the tower outlet and occupied space by 72, 42, 36, and 33% for the middle tower, Takhtabush, traditional tower, and the front model tower, respectively. This reduction is due to the due to internal flow resistance. The third part of the study investigates the effect of window (exist opening) position on the opposite wall. The upper, middle and lower window positions are studied and compared. The air stagnation or recirculation zone inside the ventilated space reduced from 55% with the lower window to 46% for the middle window and reached 35% for the upper window position. The Front and Takhtabush models for the one-sided wind catcher with an upper window position are highly recommended for the wind-driven natural ventilation in residential houses that are located in arid regions.

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a Motorcycle Air Intake System Aerodynamics and Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Abd Halim ◽  
N. A. R. Nik Mohd ◽  
M. N. Mohd Nasir ◽  
M. N. Dahalan
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Turbulent Fluctuation ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Induction System ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration

Induction system or also known as the breathing system is a sub-component of the internal combustion system that supplies clean air for the combustion process. A good design of the induction system would be able to supply the air with adequate pressure, temperature and density for the combustion process to optimizing the engine performance. The induction system has an internal flow problem with a geometry that has rapid expansion or diverging and converging sections that may lead to sudden acceleration and deceleration of flow, flow separation and cause excessive turbulent fluctuation in the system. The aerodynamic performance of these induction systems influences the pressure drop effect and thus the engine performance. Therefore, in this work, the aerodynamics of motorcycle induction systems is to be investigated for a range of Cubic Feet per Minute (CFM). A three-dimensional simulation of the flow inside a generic 4-stroke motorcycle airbox were done using Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver in ANSYS Fluent version 11. The simulation results are validated by an experimental study performed using a flow bench. The study shows that the difference of the validation is 1.54% in average at the total pressure outlet. A potential improvement to the system have been observed and can be done to suit motorsports applications.

Effects of the Internal Flow in a Nozzle Hole on the Breakup Processes of a Liquid Jet

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tamaki ◽  
Keiya Nishida ◽  
Hiroyuki Hiroyasu ◽  
M. Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Flow ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Nozzle Hole
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