Orofacial Problems in Musicians: A Review of the Literature

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
FJ Rodríguez-Lozano ◽  
MR Sáez-Yuguero ◽  
A Bermejo-Fenoll
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Stomatognathic System ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Simplex Virus

Objectives: The objective of our study was to review the different pathologies of the stomatognathic system that can present in musicians as a result of playing their instruments. Design: The National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database was searched to identify all peer-reviewed articles in the English literature dealing with orofacial problems in musicians, using both subject headings such as MeSH terms (PubMed) and free text words in combination (oral, musician, violin, wind instruments, vocalists, orthodontic, tooth, temporomandibular disorders [TMD]). The identified studies were assessed independently by two authors. We included any instruments that involved the orofacial area: i.e., wind and brass instruments, vocalists, and violins and violas. Results: Thirty-two articles were selected that were of many different types (clinical reviews, longitudinal and transverse studies of therapeutic procedures, case-control studies). Among orofacial problems, the most common disorders that affect musicians are TMDs, herpes simplex virus infections, orthodontic problems, and problems with perioral musculature. Conclusions: Musicians may suffer from pathological conditions that are worsened by their occupation due to excessive practice and stress. These conditions can cause permanent injuries that subsequently prevent the musicians from playing. Depending on the characteristics of the musical instrument and the way it is played, professional musicians generally show a propensity for buccodental problems.

scholarly journals Acyclovir as a Potential Adjuvant Therapy in COVID-19 Treatment Regimens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Heidary ◽  
Sedigheh Madani ◽  
Reza Gharebaghi ◽  
Fahimeh Asadi-amoli
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Herpes Infection ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Simplex Virus

Introduction: There are successful reports of the concomitant management of herpes infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), using both acyclovir (ACV) and COVID-19 treatment regimens. Furthermore, ACV has been proposed to effectively treat COVID-19, through various mechanisms, such as inhibition of viral proteases, multiple viral gene expressions, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). Therefore, this study aimed to review the reported cases of patients with concomitant herpes infection and COVID-19, receiving concurrent antiviral drugs for herpetic lesions. Methods: A search was done to find the relevant articles, published between December 2019 and December 2020, with no language limitations, in the PubMed database, using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to herpes simplex virus or herpes zoster (namely, shingles) combined with COVID-19. Accordingly, the reports of the concomitant herpes infection and COVID-19, receiving concurrent antiviral drugs for herpetic lesions were included. Results: Out of 90 articles, 11 records reporting the cases of herpes infection and concurrent laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, receiving antiherpetic therapies, were reviewed. There were 28 patients (age range of 7-82 years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, concomitant with reactivation of herpes infection, receiving antiviral drugs alongside candidate COVID-19 treatment regimens, but no mortality. The mean (standard deviation [SD] range) age of these 28 patients during treatment was 56.4 (18.6 [7-82]) years, and the majority were male (n=18, 64.3%). A total number of 20 patients had also received ACV and eight cases had been administered with other two antiviral compounds, including seven cases with valacyclovir, and one case with famciclovir, with no mortality. Conclusion: The potential use of ACV, as an add-on therapy, along with candidate COVID-19 treatment regimens was proposed in this study. However, further clinical trials are recommended to test this hypothetical adjuvant therapy.

The Role of Leukotrienes Inhibitors in the Management of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Deepak Meshram ◽  
Khushbo Bhardwaj ◽  
Charulata Rathod ◽  
Gail B. Mahady ◽  
Kapil K. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Leukotriene Antagonists ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation

Background: Leukotrienes are powerful mediators of inflammation and interact with specific receptors in target cell membrane to initiate an inflammatory response. Thus, Leukotrienes (LTs) are considered to be potent mediators of inflammatory diseases including allergic rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease and asthma. Leukotriene B4 and the series of cysteinyl leukotrienes (C4, D4, and E4) are metabolites of arachidonic acid metabolism that cause inflammation. The cysteinyl LTs are known to increase vascular permeability, bronco-constriction and mucus secretion. Objectives: To review the published data for leukotriene inhibitors of plant origin and the recent patents for leukotriene inhibitors, as well as their role in the management of inflammatory diseases. Methods: Published data for leukotrienes antagonists of plant origin were searched from 1938 to 2019, without language restrictions using relevant keywords in both free text and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) format. Literature and patent searches in the field of leukotriene inhibitors were carried out by using numerous scientific databases including Science Direct, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Patents, US Patents, US Patent Applications, Abstract of Japan, German Patents, European Patents, WIPO and NAPRALERT. Finally, data from these information resources were analyzed and reported in the present study. Results: Currently, numerous anti-histaminic medicines are available including chloropheneremine, brompheniramine, cetirizine, and clementine. Furthermore, specific leukotriene antagonists from allopathic medicines are also available including zileuton, montelukast, pranlukast and zafirlukast and are considered effective and safe medicines as compared to the first generation medicines. The present study reports leukotrienes antagonistic agents of natural products and certain recent patents that could be an alternative medicine in the management of inflammation in respiratory diseases. Conclusion: The present study highlights recent updates on the pharmacology and patents on leukotriene antagonists in the management of inflammation respiratory diseases.

Autonomy and control in the wish to die in terminally ill patients: A systematic integrative review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrea Rodríguez-Prat ◽  
Donna M. Wilson ◽  
Remei Agulles
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Wish To Die ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background/Objective Personal autonomy and control are major concepts for people with life-limiting conditions. Patients who express a wish to die (WTD) are often thought of wanting it because of loss of autonomy or control. The research conducted so far has not focused on personal beliefs and perspectives; and little is known about patients’ understanding of autonomy and control in this context. The aim of this review was to analyze what role autonomy and control may play in relation to the WTD expressed by people with life-limiting conditions. Methods A systematic integrative review was conducted. The search strategy used MeSH terms in combination with free-text searching of the EBSCO Discovery Service (which provides access to multiple academic library literature databases, including PubMed and CINAHL), as well as the large PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science library literature databases from their inception until February 2019. The search was updated to January 2021. Results After the screening process, 85 full texts were included for the final analysis. Twenty-seven studies, recording the experiences of 1,824 participants, were identified. The studies were conducted in Australia (n = 5), Canada (n = 5), USA (n = 5), The Netherlands (n = 3), Spain (n = 2), Sweden (n = 2), Switzerland (n = 2), Finland (n = 1), Germany (n = 1), and the UK (n = 1). Three themes were identified: (1) the presence of autonomy for the WTD, (2) the different ways in which autonomy is conceptualized, and (3) the socio-cultural context of research participants. Significance of results Despite the importance given to the concept of autonomy in the WTD discourse, only a few empirical studies have focused on personal interests. Comprehending the context is crucial because personal understandings of autonomy are shaped by socio-cultural–ethical backgrounds and these impact personal WTD attitudes.

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