scholarly journals Playing-related Musculoskeletal Problems in Children Learning Instrumental Music: The Association Between Problem Location and Gender, Age, and Music Exposure Factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Ranelli ◽  
Leon Straker ◽  
Anne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Instrument Type ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
The Right

PURPOSE: Playing-related musculoskeletal problems (PRMP) are common in adult musicians, and risk factors include gender, music exposure, and particularly instrument type. Emerging evidence suggests PRMP are common in children and adolescents and that risk factors may be similar. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PRMP, both symptoms and disorders, and PRMP location in children and adolescents as well as the associations with gender, age, and music exposure factors such as type and number of instruments and playing time. METHODS: This study surveyed 731 children (460 females), aged 7 to 17 years, studying instrumental music in government schools in Perth, Australia. Lifetime and monthly symptoms, monthly disorders (inability to play an instrument as usual), and PRMP location were examined. Chi-squared analyses were used to evaluate associations between gender, age, music exposure, and PRMP outcomes. Logistic regression evaluated the independent association of these potential risk factors with PRMP prevalence and location. RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of students reported PRMP symptoms at some point, 56% reported them within the last month, and 30% reported an inability to play as usual within the last month. After adjustment for gender and age, the type of instrument played (upper and lower strings, woodwind, and brass) was significantly associated with all PRMP (p<0.005) and playing three instruments was protective against monthly symptoms (OR 0.43, p=0.05). The right (24%) and left (23%) hand/elbow and neck (16%) were the most commonly reported PRMP locations, with females affected significantly more than males Prevalence of PRMP increased with age for neck (p<0.001), mid-back (p=0.007), low back (p<0.001), right hand/elbow (p=0.008), and mouth (p=0.011). PRMP prevalence for the left hand/elbow and right and left shoulders demonstrated high rates across all childhood ages. Odds ratios for the risk of PRMP in different locations varied by instrument played. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence and location of PRMP are important issues for child and adolescent instrumentalists. Gender, age, and music exposure are associated with PRMP risk and need to be addressed to ensure musicians’ personal well-being and musical longevity.

Prevalence and risk factors of root resorption of adjacent teeth in maxillary canine impaction, among untreated children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Rafflenbeul ◽  
Catherine-Isabelle Gros ◽  
François Lefebvre ◽  
Sophie Bahi-Gross ◽  
Raphaëlle Maizeray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Summary Objectives The aim of this retrospective study was to assess in maxillary canine impaction cases both the prevalence of root resorption of adjacent teeth among untreated children and adolescents, and its associated risk factors. Subjects and methods Sixty subjects (mean age 12.2 years; SD 1.9; range 8–17 years) with 83 displaced maxillary canines and without any past or ongoing orthodontic treatment were included in this study. The presence of root resorption was evaluated on images from a single cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) unit. Potential risk factors were measured on the CBCT images and on panoramic reconstructions of the 3D data sets. The sample was characterized by descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regressions were performed to predict root resorption. Results Root resorption of at least one adjacent tooth was detected in 67.5 per cent of the affected quadrants. It was found that 55.7 per cent of the lateral incisors, 8.4 per cent of the central incisors, and 19.5 per cent of first premolars were resorbed. Of the detected resorptions, 71.7 per cent were considered slight, 14.9 per cent moderate, and 13.4 per cent severe. Contact between the displaced canine(s) and the adjacent teeth roots was the only identified statistically significant risk factor, all teeth being considered (odds ratio [OR] = 18.7, 95% confidence interval: 2.26–756, P < 0.01). An enlarged canine dental follicle, a peg upper lateral, or an upper lateral agenesis were not significantly associated with root resorption of adjacent teeth, nor were age nor gender. Conclusions Root resorption of adjacent teeth was detected in more than two-thirds of a sample of sixty untreated children and adolescents.

scholarly journals The role of context in understanding the use of tactical officers: A brief research note

2021 ◽  
pp. 146135572110367
Author(s):  
Bryce Jenkins ◽  
Tori Semple ◽  
Craig Bennell ◽  
Laura Huey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Police Services ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Threats ◽  
Domestic Disturbances ◽  
Tactical Officers

A small body of research suggests that the use of police tactical officers has become normalized in that they now commonly respond to “routine” calls rather than being restricted to high-risk situations. However, this research has tended to rely on crude data (i.e., call type), which fails to account for the context of the calls (e.g., the presence of potential risk factors that might warrant tactical resources). In this brief research note, we sought to expand upon previous literature by examining the risk factors associated with tactical calls in a Canadian police service. We found that various risk factors were present in many of the calls that tactical officers responded to, some of which might be classified as “routine” (suicide threats, well-being checks, domestic disturbances, etc.). The presence of such risk factors highlights the need to consider context when attempting to understand the use (and consequences) of tactical officers. More rigorous tracking of these factors by police services will facilitate such research and inform policies around the use of tactical resources.

Physical Characteristics and Pain Patterns of Skilled Violinists

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwen Ackermann ◽  
Roger Adams
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Range Measurements ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
The Right

This study evaluated the association between upper body physical measurements of skilled violin players and the presence and location of pain related to playing their instruments. To cover a range of playing styles and teaching backgrounds, volunteers were recruited from universities and orchestras. A group of 32 instrumentalists participated in this study and had their upper limb lengths and ranges of motion measured by a physiotherapist. Between-limb range comparisons revealed some significantly greater range measurements of the left hand compared with the right, which are hypothesized to represent an adaptation to years of instrument playing. Participants also completed questionnaires detailing the location and duration of any performance-related pains. Regression results identified physical attributes that may be risk factors in the development of pain problems in violin players with shorter arms. An implication of these findings is that players with right arms shorter than those of their peers may need to pay attention to the positioning of their head on the instrument and to overall instrument placement.

Influence of social determinants on health and well-being of children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 3-4 (213-214) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Dariya Doskabulova ◽  
◽  
Arstan Mamyrbaev ◽  
Artashes Tadevosyan ◽  
Aiman Kaldybaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

The formation of the health of adolescent children is carried out under the influence of many risk factors, including non-medical determinants: lifestyle, socio-economic, household factors and living conditions. Conducting epidemiological studies to identify the leading risk factors for the lifestyle and quality of life of adolescents is currently consistent with the basic directions of development of preventive medicine. Aim. Analysis of literature data, leading factors, the impact of social determinants on the health and well-being of children and adolescents. Material and methods. The choice of publications was made according to keywords that reflected between the indicators of the health of children and adolescents and the factors that influence them. Assessment of the influence of social determinants on the health of children and adolescents made it possible to prepare comprehensive measures to improve the health and health of children and adolescents. Conclusions. In the literature review, the social conditions studied have a decisive influence on the formation of the lifestyle, health and well-being of children and adolescents. Keywords: сhildren, adolescents, social determinant.

Well-Being and Resilience in Children With Speech and Language Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rena Lyons ◽  
Sue Roulstone
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Strategies ◽  
Speech And Language Disorders

Purpose Children with speech and language disorders are at risk in relation to psychological and social well-being. The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of these children from their own perspectives focusing on risks to their well-being and protective indicators that may promote resilience. Method Eleven 9- to 12-year-old children (4 boys and 7 girls) were recruited using purposeful sampling. One participant presented with a speech sound disorder, 1 presented with both a speech and language disorder, and 9 with language disorders. All were receiving additional educational supports. Narrative inquiry, a qualitative design, was employed. Data were generated in home and school settings using multiple semi-structured interviews with each child over a 6-month period. A total of 59 interviews were conducted. The data were analyzed to identify themes in relation to potential risk factors to well-being and protective strategies. Results Potential risk factors in relation to well-being were communication impairment and disability, difficulties with relationships, and concern about academic achievement. Potential protective strategies were hope, agency, and positive relationships. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of listening to children's narratives so that those at risk in relation to well-being can be identified. Conceptualization of well-being and resilience within an ecological framework may enable identification of protective strategies at both individual and environmental levels that can be strengthened to mitigate negative experiences.

Getting it Taped II

1971 ◽  
Vol 55 (391) ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
J. Hlggins
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Tape ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Constant Length ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Revolution Counter

The standard tape–recorder consists outwardly of two spools on which the magnetic tape is wound, from the left to the right, between least and greatest radii of a and b. On my machine, a is about 1.05 in. and b is about 2.75 in. Apart from what is on the tape, the only indication at any intermediate stage as to how much playing time is still left is provided by a revolution counter geared to the left hand spool, the one which starts full and finishes empty. The numbers registered are about half the actual number of revolutions made on the left: this arrangement allows some 1400 revolutions to be registered by only three digits. It can be assumed that the tape is fed out at a constant length per unit of time: so the time still to run is proportional to the length still to run. If the total number of revolutions to run is N, how much of the tape ha3 been run off when the reading is n?

scholarly journals Novel Coronavirus Pandemic Impacts Children and Adolescents' Psychological Well-Being in Heavily Hit Chinese Provinces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Jun Ding ◽  
Jiawen Hu ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Shuaijun Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
School Students ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In light of the novel coronavirus'(COVID-19's) threat to public health worldwide, we sought to elucidate COVID-19's impacts on the mental health of children and adolescents in China. Through online self-report questionnaires, we aimed to discover the psychological effects of the pandemic and its associated risk factors for developing mental health symptoms in young people. We disseminated a mental health survey through online social media, WeChat, and QQ in the five Chinese provinces with the most confirmed cases of COVID-19 during the late stage of the country-wide lockdown. We used a self-made questionnaire that queried children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 on demographic information, psychological status, and other lifestyle and COVID-related variables. A total of 17,740 children and adolescents with valid survey data participated in the study. 10,022 (56.5%), 11,611 (65.5%), 10,697 (60.3%), 6,868 (38.7%), and 6,225 (35.1%) participants presented, respectively, more depressive, anxious, compulsive, inattentive, and sleep-related problems compared to before the outbreak of COVID-19. High school students reported a greater change in depression and anxiety than did middle school and primary school students. Despite the fact that very few children (0.1%) or their family members (0.1%) contracted the virus in this study, the psychological impact of the pandemic was clearly profound. Fathers'anxiety appeared to have the strongest influence on a children's psychological symptoms, explaining about 33% of variation in the child's overall symptoms. Other factors only explained less than 2% of the variance in symptoms once parents'anxiety was accounted for. The spread of COVID-19 significantly influenced the psychological state of children and adolescents. It is clear that children and adolescents, particularly older adolescents, need mental health support during the pandemic. The risk factors we uncovered suggest that reducing fathers'anxiety is particularly critical to addressing young people's mental health disorders in this time.

scholarly journals COVID-19-related school disruptions and well-being of children and adolescents in Geneva

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Richard ◽  
Roxane Dumont ◽  
Elsa Lorthe ◽  
Helene Baysson ◽  
Maria-Eugenia Zaballa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Swiss Canton ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
June July ◽  
The Right

Background Various studies showed the negative impact of COVID-19-related lockdowns and school closures on the well-being of children and adolescents. However, the prevalence and consequences of occasional short-term school disruptions due to COVID-19-related quarantine or isolation remain unknown. This study evaluated their impact on the well-being and stress level of children and adolescents. Methods In June/July 2021, we conducted a survey selecting a representative sample of children and adolescents of a Swiss canton population. Parents of school-aged children reported information about them missing school because of COVID-19, from August 2020 to June 2021, as well as about their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measured with the KINDL® scale and their stress level. Results Among the 538 participants, 216/538 (40.1%) pupils missed school at least once for COVID-19-related causes, with a total of 272 absences. We observed no relationship between the frequency of COVID-19-related absences and the HRQoL or stress level, even when stratifying by the type of absence or socio-demographic factors. Discussion Overall, these findings are reassuring in that quarantines and related school disruptions, which we know are a common and effective way of controlling SARS-CoV-2 transmission, did not seem to meaningfully impact children and adolescent's wellbeing and stress. Finding the right balance between SARS-CoV-2 control and young populations' well-being is challenging, and the current results provide additional information for decision makers.

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