Hand biomechanics in skilled pianists playing a scale in thirds

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hie Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Piano Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Hand Biomechanics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Biomechanical Features ◽  
Hand Length

Pianists, who attend to the integral relationship of their particular musculoskeletal characteristics to the piano technique at hand, discover an efficient path to technical advancement and, consequently, to injury prevention. Thus, a study of pianist's hand biomechanics in relation to different piano techniques is highly relevant, as hand features may influence various techniques in different ways. This study addressed relationships between pianists' hand biomechanics and the performance of a scale in thirds, as a part of an ongoing series of studies examining relationships between hand biomechanics and performance data of primary techniques. The biomechanics of hand length and width, finger length, hand span, hand and arm weights, and ulnar deviation at the wrist were compared with tempo, articulation, and dynamic voicing (tone balance between two notes of the thirds). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive association between ulnar deviation and tempo; the other biomechanical features showed no relationships with any of the performance criteria. Qualitative cross-sectional observation of individual profiles showed that experienced pianists perform with a higher degree of synchrony in two-note descent while pianists with organ training background play with a lesser degree of synchrony. All biomechanical features were closely related among one another with one exception: wrist ulnar deviation was not associated with any other biomechanical features; rather, data suggest possible negative associations. This study underscores the importance of wrist mobility in piano skills development. Further research using a complete set of prototype piano techniques and multiple-level pianist-subjects could provide substantive biomechanical information that may be used to develop efficient pedagogy and prevention strategies for playing-related injuries as well as rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Facial emotion recognition and its association with symptom severity, functionality, and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: preliminary results

Salud Mental ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Johanna Vanessa Suárez-Salazar ◽  
Ana Fresán-Orellana ◽  
Ricardo Arturo Saracco-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preliminary Results

Introduction. There is evidence to suggest that individuals with schizophrenia have greater difficulty in recognizing facial emotions, which has been related to cognitive impairment and higher symptom severity in this disease and seems to lead to a worse functional prognosis. Objective. To determine the association between facial emotion recognition and symptom severity, functionality, and cognitive impairment in a sample of schizophrenic patients. Method. This is an observational, cross-sectional, and correlational study conducted on 72 patients. The following scales: PANSS, MOCA, ERI, and FACT-Sz were used to assess symptom severity in schizophrenia, cognitive functioning, facial emotion recognition, and functionality, respectively. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to measure the linear association between all variables. Results. Overall, moderate symptom severity and mild cognitive and functional disability were found. The most frequently recognized emotion was joy (70%) and the least frequently recognized one was anger. A positive association was also found between anger recognition and severity of the PANSS cognitive subscale (r = - .24, p = .03), sadness recognition and severity of the PANSS negative subscale (r = - .24, p = .03), and the FACT-Sz score and fear recognition (r = .31, p = .008). Discussion and conclusion. The present study yields preliminary results that provide a broader perspective on facial emotion recognition and, indirectly, social interaction and functionality in people with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTING STYLES AND AGGRESSION IN PAKISTANI ADOLESCENTS

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting ◽  
High Level ◽  
Authoritarian Parenting Style

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between parenting styles and aggression in adolescents studying in various schools of Lahore, Pakistan. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 adolescents (100 male & 100 females). Parenting Style Questionnaire and Aggression scale were used to collect the data. Sample was selected from 3 schools of Lahore (King Way High School, Shaheen High School and Lahore Garrison School) using purposive sampling strategy. The age range of sample was 14 to 18 years. In the present study we hypothesized; adolescents with authoritarian parents will have high level of aggression as compared to the adolescents of authoritative parents. We used Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression techniques to find out the results from collected data. RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 13.09±0.86 years. Significant positive association was found between authoritarian parenting style and aggression (P<0.01) and significant inverse relationship between authoritative style of parenting and aggression (P<0.05) in adolescents. So, parents with authoritarian parenting style had higher level of aggression. Authoritarian parenting significantly predicted (19%) aggression in adolescents, while authoritative parenting style was not a significant predictor of aggression in adolescents. CONCLUSION: In our study, there is significant effect of authoritative and authoritarian parenting style on aggression and most of the children from authoritarian parents have high level of aggression as compared to authoritative parents.

scholarly journals AIR-BT, a new badminton-specific incremental easy-to-use test

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257124
Author(s):  
Javier Abián-Vicén ◽  
Alfredo Bravo-Sánchez ◽  
Pablo Abián
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance

Background Badminton is a highly demanding sport characterized by intermittent efforts with energy being provided by both the aerobic and anaerobic systems. To date, no incremental badminton field test has been developed that can be easily used by badminton coaches that requires accessible material for anyone. Objectives The purpose of this study was to develop a practical and reliable easy-to use intermittent endurance badminton test for estimating maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Methods Thirty six Spanish badminton players (age: 24.1±10.3 years) performed, on different days of the same week, four incremental protocols to exhaustion in randomized order: a treadmill incremental test, a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 test (Yo-Yo IR1) and twice the Abian intermittent recovery badminton test (AIR-BT). Oxygen uptake was determined with a breath-by-breath gas analyzer during the incremental treadmill test, and performance in the Yo-yo IR1 and AIR-BT was recorded. Results Significant correlations (p<0.001) for Pearson’s product moment coefficient were found between the performance in the AIR-BT and the two non-specific incremental tests (VO2max in the Treadmill Test: r = 0.87, distance in the Yo-Yo IR1: r = 0.86). The regression equation to calculate the VO2max from the AIR-BT time [VO2max = 0.023*(AIR-BT time in seconds)+31.334] showed an adjusted R2 of 0.76 and a SEE of 3.34 ml·kg-1·min-1. There was no significant difference between VO2max obtained by the incremental treadmill test and VO2max calculated using the regression equation (p = 0.644). A paired t-test reported no significant differences between day 1 and day 2 in the AIR-BT time (p = 0.753), the Pearson correlation coefficient between both days was: r = 0.88 (p<0.001) and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.875. Conclusions The AIR-BT is a valid and reliable on-court test for assessing VO2max in badminton players and may be utilized by coaches and physical trainers for cross-sectional comparison of players and for evaluation of longitudinal changes.

scholarly journals Trust and performance in business teams: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 287-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Morrissette ◽  
Jennifer L. Kisamore
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Team Size ◽  
Criterion Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Team Trust

Purpose The purpose of this study is two-fold. First, the nature of the relationship between team trust and team performance in the business context is determined. Second, both team design (team size and team type) and methodological moderators (source of criterion measure and study date) of the relationship are assessed. Design/methodology/approach A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on published and unpublished empirical studies. Subgroup moderator analyses were conducted using Cochran’s Q. Continuous moderator analyses were conducted using meta-regression. Findings Data from 55 independent studies (3,671 teams) were pooled. Results indicated a large, positive relationship between team trust and team performance in real business teams. Further analyses indicated that the relationship was significantly moderated by business team type, team size and source of criterion measure. Research limitations/implications Results indicate that different team types, sizes and performance criteria should not be treated as equivalent. Results are based on cross-sectional research and can only be generalized to business teams. Practical implications Managers should be attentive to trust issues in work teams, as they may portend future performance problems or mirror other organizational issues that affect team performance. Team function and size predict how team trust is related to team performance. Originality/value The present study answers a call by Costa et al. (2018) for additional investigation of moderators of the trust-performance relationship in teams using a quantitative review of studies.

152 The Relationship Between 25(OH) Vitamin D and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Patients 65 Years and Older with Prior Fragility Fractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i12-i42
Author(s):  
N Obiechina ◽  
A Michael ◽  
A Nandi ◽  
I Jameel ◽  
F Javed
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Fracture Prevention ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Neck Of Femur ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

Abstract Introduction 25(OH) vitamin D [25(OH) D] levels are known to influence skeletal health as well as muscle function. Some studies suggest a positive association between 25(OH) D levels and BMD at various skeletal sites in men but not in women. These findings were mostly observed in younger (less than 50 year old) cohorts. Evidence for this association in older patients with prior fragility fractures is lacking. Aim: To assess the correlation of 25(OH) D levels with T-scores at the neck of femur, hip and spine in patients 65 years and older with prior fragility fractures and the effect of gender on the correlation. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of patients 65 and older with previous fragility fractures in patients attending a fracture prevention service. Data was extracted from the electronic records. SPSS 26 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to calculate correlation and regression coefficient for gender. Results 151 patients were included; 26 males and 126 females. Mean age was 76.2 and 74.1 years respectively. In the males there was good positive, statistically significant correlation between the 25(OH) D and T-scores at the neck of femur (r = 0.415; p &lt; 0.05) and hip (r = 0.413; p &lt; 0.05), but correlation with T-score of the spine was not statistically significant (r = 0.349; p = 0.103). In the females there was no statistically significant correlation between 25(OH) D and T-scores at the neck of femur, hip or spine (r = 0.163; p = 0.077), (r = 0.096; p = 0.299) and (r = 0.114; p = 0.217) respectively. Conclusion In males, 65 years and older, with prior fragility fracture, there is a positive significant correlation between 25(OH) D and BMD at the neck of femur and hip whereas there is no significant correlation in females.

scholarly journals Access to Finance and Performance of Small Firms in South Africa: the Moderating Effect of Financial Literacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Olawale Fatoki
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The failure rate of small medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) is very high in SouthAfrica. One of the challenges faced by SMMEs is inaccessibility to external finance. There is ageneral low level of financial literacy amongst small business owners in South Africa leading to illinformed financial decisions. Financial literacy is an important knowledge resource for financialdecision-making but little research has focused on how financial literacy affects the performance ofSMMEs. The aim of the study was to examine if financial literacy moderates the relationship betweenaccess to finance and performance of SMMEs in South Africa. The cross-sectional survey methodwas used for data collection in a quantitative study. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation andhierarchical regression were used for data analysis. The Cronbach’s alpha was used as a measure ofreliability. The findings indicated that the relationship between access to finance and financial literacyis significant. The findings also showed that financial literacy moderates the relationship betweenaccess to finance and performance of SMMEs. Empirically, the study added to the body of literatureon financial literacy, access to finance and performance of SMMEs. Practically, recommendations toimprove the financial literacy of SMMEs are suggested.

scholarly journals Leadership profiles of successful project managers in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Hartono ◽  
Sinta Sulistyo ◽  
Miftachul Umam
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Project Leadership ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Industry Type ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
Project Complexity ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
And Performance

Purpose: This study examines the possible relationship between leadership competency and project performance within an Indonesia project-based organization setting. Four mediating variables are considered in the analysis: industry type, project complexity, project strategic value, and contract type.Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional quantitative survey was administered to empirically evaluate the theoretical model.  The targeted population was projected in Indonesia, and a snowball sampling method was utilized. Out of 183 respondents, 81 responded to the invitation, which accounts for a 44.2% response rate.Findings: It was found that the leadership profiles of more and less successful project managers differ, which suggests a positive association between competency and performance. More importantly, the evidence suggests that both industry type and complexity moderate the relationship. The different patterns of leadership profiles for successful managers in three types of industries—const ruction, information and communication technology (ICT), and consultancy—and under different project complexity levels were observed. No substantial evidence was observed for the moderating effects of “project strategic value” and “contract type.” It was also found that across contexts, three attributes of leadership differently influence performance in the following order of importance: IQ, MQ, and EQ.  Generally, the results agree with the findings of past similar studies in different countries. However, some variations were found at a more detailed level, which may be due to cultural differences.Research limitations/implications: The study further extends the existing body of knowledge on project leadership, as it provides a new understanding on leadership profile and its efficacy within different contexts of project-based organizations in Indonesia—a case of a developing countryPractical implications: It exposes project practitioners to different leadership profiles that lead to successful and unsuccessful projects within different settings.Originality/value: This study provides an original work (theoretical and empirical) on a leadership area of project management within a specific context of a developing country.

Perceived Overprotection and Its Association With Quality of Life in Dementia

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Mechthild Niemann-Mirmehdi ◽  
Andreas Häusler ◽  
Paul Gellert ◽  
Johanna Nordheim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract. To date, few studies have focused on perceived overprotection from the perspective of people with dementia (PwD). In the present examination, the association of perceived overprotection in PwD is examined as an autonomy-restricting factor and thus negative for their mental well-being. Cross-sectional data from the prospective DYADEM study of 82 patient/partner dyads (mean age = 74.26) were used to investigate the association between overprotection, perceived stress, depression, and quality of life (QoL). The analyses show that an overprotective contact style with PwD has a significant positive association with stress and depression, and has a negative association with QoL. The results emphasize the importance of avoiding an overprotective care style and supporting patient autonomy.

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Impact on Work-Home Interference in a South African Commuter Transport Engineering Company

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Christoff Visagie ◽  
Michael M. Jones ◽  
Herman L. Linde
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Dyadic Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Engineering Company ◽  
Member Exchange

The South African workplace is confronted with many leadership challenges, specifically those relating to the employment relationship between subordinates and their supervisors. A high-quality relationship is essential, considering the work-family spillovers employees experience. Limited research has been conducted on the potential positive and negative consequences of the leader-member exchange (LMX) dyadic relationship. In this study, we used a cross-sectional research design, and drew an employee sample (N = 120) from a commuter transport engineering company. A five-point Likert scale was employed and statistical analyses were carried out using the SAS statistical program. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients and used structural equation modelling to test the proposed conceptual model to indicate possible correlations between the different variables. The main finding of the study was that the nature of the LMX relationship quality in the relevant company appeared to be high and positively related to work-home enrichment but negatively related to work-home conflict and role overload. The article concludes by making a number of suggestions to respond to challenges.

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