LOW PH PROCESSING AID TO LOWER THE PRESENCE OF NATURALLY OCCURRING CAMPYLOBACTER ON WHOLE BROILER CARCASSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Ph ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Surface soil-pH map of Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Ahern ◽  
MMG Weinand ◽  
RF Isbell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Surface Soil Ph

Surface soil pH can influence biological activity, nutrition and various chemical processes in the soil. Low pH or acidity is causing major concern in southern Australia, prompting requests for details on the extent, severity and distribution of acidic soils in Queensland. By creating a soil pH database, using an appropriate base map, rainfall isohyets and GIS technology, a coloured pH map of surface soils was produced at a 1:5000000 scale for the entire State. As most samples were from virgin or little disturbed sites, the map generally reflects naturally occurring soil pH. Developed horticultural, agricultural and fertilized pastoral areas are likely to have lower pH than that mapped. About two thirds (63.1%) of Queensland's soils have acidic surfaces, 9.5% neutral and the remaining 26.9% are alkaline. The major proportion (74%) of the > 1200 mm rainfall zone is strongly acid, and the remainder is medium acid or acid. Much of the sugar growing areas occur in this zone. Surface soil pH generally decreases as rainfall increases and to a lesser extent from subtropical to tropical climate. In addition to climate, identification of the soil type assists with predicting pH, as the organic, coarse and medium textured soils and massive earths are more likely to be acid and have low buffering capacity. Depending on the land use, such soils may require regular liming or minimizing of net acidifying practices for long term sustainability.

Rapid recovery of phytic acid from rice brans using chitosan nanofiber-based porous hydrogels

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-487
Author(s):  
Sachiko Nitta ◽  
Hiroyuki Iwamoto
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Porous Chitosan ◽  
Chitosan Nanofiber ◽  
New Type

ABSTRACT Phytic acid (PA) is a new type of naturally occurring pharmaceutical for afflictions such as cancer, diabetes, and renal calculi. The efficient, low-cost extraction of PA from biowaste is much sought after. Herein, highly pure PA was obtained from rice bran by adsorption at low pH onto porous chitosan nanofiber hydrogels. Due to the large surface area of the chitosan nanofiber-based porous hydrogels, the adsorption equilibrated within 60 min. Adsorption of PA was influenced by the buffer pH, temperature, and the ratio of chitosan in the hydrogel. PA was recovered by soaking the hydrogel in alkaline solution. After concentrating the solution and washing the residue with ethanol, highly pure sodium phytate was obtained with 32.2%-38.7% yield, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and high-performance liquid chromatography. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the recovery of pure PA in high yield without using toxic solvents.

Synthesis and Properties of δ-N-Hydroxyornithine

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tomlinson ◽  
T. Viswanatha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Nitro Derivative ◽  
Ring Closure ◽  
Partial Reduction ◽  
Detectable Change ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Cyclic Lactam

The chemical synthesis of the naturally occurring hydroxylamino acid, δ-N-hydroxyornithine, was attempted using a variety of experimental approaches. Only two such methods proved successful, both of which involved the partial reduction of a suitably protected nitro-derivative. The problems associated with the various procedures have been discussed.In aqueous solution at low pH, the compound was found to be moderately stable for periods of up to 1 week. The only detectable change was the slow spontaneous ring closure to the cyclic lactam, 1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-piperidone. Over longer periods, the presence of the oxidation product, the oxime of γ-glutamyl semialdehyde, became apparent. Slow hydrolysis of the latter resulted in the production of Δ1-pyrolline carboxylic acid. The rate of production of both these compounds was accelerated by raising the pH in the range 2,0–7.0. Above pH 7.0, the decomposition of δ-N-hydroxyornithine became rapid and complex, and was difficult to interpret. The oxidation of δ-N-hydroxyornithine to the oxime was found to be smoothly affected by ferricions. The effect of prolonged hydroysis with 6 N HC1 on δ-N-hydroxyornithine was to cause reduction to ornithine in good yield (> 65%). Only trace amounts of glutamic acid were noted. These observations suggest that disproportionation is not a major factor in the decomposition of δ-N-hydroxyornithine.

Relationship between golgi apparatus and axonal reticulum in sympathetic ganglion cells

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
J. Quatacker ◽  
W. De Potter
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglion ◽  
Phosphotungstic Acid ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Dense Core ◽  
Dense Core Vesicles ◽  
Large Dense Core Vesicles ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
Axoplasmic Reticulum

Mucopolysaccharides have been demonstrated biochemically in catecholamine-containing subcellular particles in different rat, cat and ox tissues. As catecholamine-containing granules seem to arise from the Golgi apparatus and some also from the axoplasmic reticulum we examined wether carbohydrate macromolecules could be detected in the small and large dense core vesicles and in structures related to them. To this purpose superior cervical ganglia and irises from rabbit and cat and coeliac ganglia and their axons from dog were subjected to the chromaffin reaction to show the distribution of catecholamine-containing granules. Some material was also embedded in glycolmethacrylate (GMA) and stained with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) at low pH for the detection of carbohydrate macromolecules.The chromaffin reaction in the perikarya reveals mainly large dense core vesicles, but in the axon hillock, the axons and the terminals, the small dense core vesicles are more prominent. In the axons the small granules are sometimes seen inside a reticular network (fig. 1).

Pathology of Bone Cells in Pigs with Experimental Turbinate Osteoporosis (Atrophic Rhinitis)

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
A. W. Fetter ◽  
C. C. Capen
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Osteocytic Osteolysis ◽  
Uncertain Etiology

Atrophic rhinitis in swine is a disease of uncertain etiology in which infectious agents, hereditary predisposition, and metabolic disturbances have been reported to be of primary etiologic importance. It shares many similarities, both clinically and pathologically, with ozena in man. The disease is characterized by deformity and reduction in volume of the nasal turbinates. The fundamental cause for the localized lesion of bone in the nasal turbinates has not been established. Reduced osteogenesis, increased resorption related to inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane, and excessive resorption due to osteocytic osteolysis stimulated by hyperparathyroidism have been suggested as possible pathogenetic mechanisms.The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate ultrastructurally bone cells in the nasal turbinates of pigs with experimentally induced atrophic rhinitis, and to compare these findings to those in control pigs of the same age and pigs with the naturally occurring disease, in order to define the fundamental lesion responsible for the progressive reduction in volume of the osseous core.

High Resolution Replication of Organoclay Surfaces

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
W. W. Barker ◽  
W. E. Rigsby ◽  
V. J. Hurst ◽  
W. J. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Organic Molecule ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Silicate Layers ◽  
Mineral Identification

Experimental clay mineral-organic molecule complexes long have been known and some of them have been extensively studied by X-ray diffraction methods. The organic molecules are adsorbed onto the surfaces of the clay minerals, or intercalated between the silicate layers. Natural organo-clays also are widely recognized but generally have not been well characterized. Widely used techniques for clay mineral identification involve treatment of the sample with H2 O2 or other oxidant to destroy any associated organics. This generally simplifies and intensifies the XRD pattern of the clay residue, but helps little with the characterization of the original organoclay. Adequate techniques for the direct observation of synthetic and naturally occurring organoclays are yet to be developed.

SEM study of the morphological effects of kinetin and zeatin on the growth and development of the apical meristem in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
G. M. Hutchins ◽  
J. S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Moist Environment

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play a large and incompletely understood role in the life-cycle of plants. The goal of this study was to determine what roles cytokinins play in the morphological development of wheat. To achieve any real success in altering the development and growth of wheat, the cytokinins must be applied directly to the apical meristem, or spike of the plant. It is in this region that the plant cells are actively undergoing mitosis. Kinetin and Zeatin were the two cytokinins chosen for this experiment. Kinetin is an artificial hormone that was originally extracted from old or heated DNA. Kinetin is easily made from the reaction of adenine and furfuryl alcohol. Zeatin is a naturally occurring hormone found in corn, wheat, and many other plants.Chinese Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was used for this experiment. Prior to planting, the seeds were germinated in a moist environment for 72 hours.

Fine structure and properties of defects in naturally occurring silicates and oxides

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-461
Author(s):  
David R. Veblen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Image Simulations ◽  
Similar Crystal Structure

Extended defects and interfaces control many processes in rock-forming minerals, from chemical reactions to rock deformation. In many cases, it is not the average structure of a defect or interface that is most important, but rather the structure of defect terminations or offsets in an interface. One of the major thrusts of high-resolution electron microscopy in the earth sciences has been to identify the role of defect fine structures in reactions and to determine the structures of such features. This paper will review studies using HREM and image simulations to determine the structures of defects in silicate and oxide minerals and present several examples of the role of defects in mineral chemical reactions. In some cases, the geological occurrence can be used to constrain the diffusional properties of defects.The simplest reactions in minerals involve exsolution (precipitation) of one mineral from another with a similar crystal structure, and pyroxenes (single-chain silicates) provide a good example. Although conventional TEM studies have led to a basic understanding of this sort of phase separation in pyroxenes via spinodal decomposition or nucleation and growth, HREM has provided a much more detailed appreciation of the processes involved.

Flavonoids in adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis: one arrow, two targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (12) ◽  
pp. 1403-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Muin Fardoun ◽  
Dina Maaliki ◽  
Nabil Halabi ◽  
Rabah Iratni ◽  
Alessandra Bitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables, in addition to beverages such as tea and coffee. Flavonoids are emerging as potent therapeutic agents for cardiovascular as well as metabolic diseases. Several studies corroborated an inverse relationship between flavonoid consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or adipose tissue inflammation (ATI). Flavonoids exert their anti-atherogenic effects by increasing nitric oxide (NO), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, flavonoids alleviate ATI by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as by attenuating inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, flavonoids inhibit synthesis of fatty acids and promote their oxidation. In this review, we discuss the effect of the main classes of flavonoids, namely flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, anthocyanins, and isoflavones, on atherosclerosis and ATI. In addition, we dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of action for these flavonoids. We conclude by supporting the potential benefit for flavonoids in the management or treatment of CVD; yet, we call for more robust clinical studies for safety and pharmacokinetic values.

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