scholarly journals Longitudinal Effects of Universal Preventive Intervention on Prescription Drug Misuse: Three Randomized Controlled Trials With Late Adolescents and Young Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Spoth ◽  
Linda Trudeau ◽  
Chungyeol Shin ◽  
Ekaterina Ralston ◽  
Cleve Redmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Longitudinal Effects

scholarly journals Initiation into prescription drug misuse: Differences between lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) and heterosexual high-risk young adults in Los Angeles and New York

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1289-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Kecojevic ◽  
Carolyn F. Wong ◽  
Sheree M. Schrager ◽  
Karol Silva ◽  
Jennifer Jackson Bloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse

scholarly journals Combinations of prescription drug misuse and illicit drugs among young adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Kelly ◽  
Brooke E. Wells ◽  
Mark Pawson ◽  
Amy LeClair ◽  
Jeffrey T. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse

scholarly journals Effectiveness Analysis of Single Dose Rifampicin-Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) as A Preventive Intervention for Leprosy Transmission: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mikail Athif Zhafir Asyura ◽  
Ilma Ranjani Wijaya ◽  
Theetouch Toshukowong ◽  
Rui Sheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Introduction: Leprosy is a skin disease that reaches 200,000 cases annually. Considered a neglected tropical disease, 80% of annual leprosy remained in countries such as Brazil, India, and Indonesia. Multi-drug treatment is effective in curing leprosy but ineffective in preventing further transmission. The implementation of large-scale single dose rifampicin-post exposure prophylaxis suggests the inhibition of leprosy transmission and thus needs validation.Methods: This systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA statement from multiple databases using set keywords. A total of 646 studies were identified, followed by 4 randomized controlled trials included after screening.Results: 86,502 subjects were divided into control and interventional groups and were to be followed up in 2-6 years. Most studies showed a significant decrease of leprosy cases by 50-60%. Furthermore, a complementary effect between single-dose rifampicin-post exposure prophylaxis and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine was identified. Moreover, the cost-effectiveness of the intervention was analyzed which resulted in IDR 80,414,775 being averted in its 25th year of implementationConclusion: The review established promising results of implementing single dose rifampicin-post exposure prophylaxis to prevent leprosy transmission. Further national scale intervention with a multi-layered approach is suggested to ensure full support and continuity of the large-scale intervention 

scholarly journals Efficacy of the AS04-Adjuvanted HPV16/18 Vaccine: Pooled Analysis of the Costa Rica Vaccine and PATRICIA Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E Tota ◽  
Frank Struyf ◽  
Joshua N Sampson ◽  
Paula Gonzalez ◽  
Martin Ryser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Types

Abstract Background The AS04-adjuvanted HPV16/18 (AS04-HPV16/18) vaccine provides excellent protection against targeted human papillomavirus (HPV) types and a variable degree of cross-protection against others, including types 6/11/31/33/45. High efficacy against any cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or greater (CIN3+; >90%) suggests that lower levels of protection may exist for a wide range of oncogenic HPV types, which is difficult to quantify in individual trials. Pooling individual-level data from two randomized controlled trials, we aimed to evaluate AS04-HPV16/18 vaccine efficacy against incident HPV infections and cervical abnormalities . Methods Data were available from the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial (NCT00128661) and Papilloma Trial Against Cancer in Young Adults trial (NCT00122681), two large-scale, double-blind randomized controlled trials of the AS04-HPV16/18 vaccine. Primary analyses focused on disease-free women with no detectable cervicovaginal HPV at baseline. Results A total of 12 550 women were included in our primary analyses (HPV arm = 6271, control arm = 6279). Incidence of 6-month persistent oncogenic and nononcogenic infections, excluding known and accepted protected types 6/11/16/18/31/33/45 (focusing on 34/35/39/40/42/43/44/51/52/53/54/56/58/59/66/68/73/70/74), was statistically significantly lower in the HPV arm than in the control arm (efficacy = 9.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7% to 17.4%). Statistically significant efficacy (P < .05) was observed for individual oncogenic types 16/18/31/33/45/52 and nononcogenic types 6/11/53/74. Efficacy against cervical abnormalities (all types) increased with severity, ranging from 27.7% (95% CI = 21.7% to 33.3%) to 58.7% (95% CI = 34.1% to 74.7%) for cytologic outcomes (low-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia lesion or greater, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia lesion or greater, respectively) and 66.0% (95% CI = 54.4% to 74.9%) to 87.8% (95% CI = 71.1% to 95.7%) for histologic outcomes (CIN2+ and CIN3+, respectively). Comparing Costa Rica Vaccine Trial and Papilloma Trial Against Cancer in Young Adults results, there was no evidence of heterogeneity, except for type 51 (efficacy = −28.6% and 20.7%, respectively; two-sided P = .03). Conclusions The AS04-HPV16/18 vaccine provides some additional cross-protection beyond established protected types, which partially explains the high efficacy against CIN3+.

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