scholarly journals The United Nations High Level Meeting on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases: A Missed Opportunity?

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 2010-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Sivaramakrishnan ◽  
Richard G. Parker
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Missed Opportunity

scholarly journals Regional and global impacts of the 2007 Port-of-Spain Declaration on noncommunicable diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kirton ◽  
W. Andy Knight ◽  
C. James Hospedales ◽  
Dinah Hippolyte ◽  
Julia Kulik
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Global Impacts ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
High Level

Objective.To assess how well Caribbean regional institutions (RIs) met their commitments from the 2007 Port-of-Spain Summit (POSS) declaration on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and evaluate the POSS impact on the United Nations High-level Meeting (HLM) on NCDs in 2011 (2011 HLM), HLM NCD review in 2014 (2014 HLM), World Health Organization’s 2025 NCD targets (2025 WHO), and 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agreed upon in 2015.Methods.This study uses a method developed by the University of Toronto’s Global Governance Program to measure institutions’ compliance with commitments from a summit and the match with commitments from earlier summits. This approach was supplemented using data from published literature, primary documents, and semistructured key informant interviews to detail how and why Caribbean RIs met the 2007 POSS commitments, how the 2007 POSS commitments led to compliance, and how the 2007 POSS influenced international NCD commitments.Results.Caribbean RIs implemented the 2007 POSS commitments better when they had more public legitimacy, when their missions aligned with those commitments, and when more resources were available to them. Implementation constraints arose from multiple, sometimes competing, interests of the decision-making and national implementing bodies of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). Internationally, the early, expanding efforts of the POSS pioneers had an initially important but subsequently diminishing impact on the HLMs.Conclusions.For the Caribbean region, the Caribbean Public Health Agency should be funded to lead strengthened Caribbean RIs in coordinated action on NCDs. At the international level, the United Nations should embed NCDs in a “whole-of-global-governance” approach, monitor implementation annually, foster transregional partnerships on NCD-related themes, engage civil society, and support regular regional and global summits to enhance implementation and improvement, aimed at future HLMs on NCDs, the 2025 WHO targets, and the SDG NCD targets.

scholarly journals Proposals for the Negotiation Process on the United Nations Global Compact for Migration

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Genina
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Global Compact ◽  
Member States ◽  
Un General Assembly ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
High Level

On September 19th, 2016, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly adopted Resolution 71/1, the text of the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants (the “New York Declaration”). Resolution 71/1 is the outcome document of the high-level plenary meeting on addressing large movements of refugees and migrants, held at the UN headquarters. The New York Declaration reflects how UN member states have decided to address the challenge of large movements of people in two main legal categories: asylum seekers/refugees and migrants. Resolution 71/1 includes an annex titled “Towards a Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration” (the “global compact for migration” or “global compact”). This document is comprised of several thematic issues related to international migration that will be the basis of a globally negotiated agreement on how member states should respond to international migration at the national, regional, and international levels, as well as to issues related to international migration and development. The global compact for migration is intended to be adopted at a conference on international migration and development before the inauguration of the 73rd annual session of the UN General Assembly in September 2018. This paper addresses how UN member states should plan to address international migration in the future. It does not refer to refugees and asylum seekers: a global compact on refugees will be drafted by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in 2018, and to be presented to the UN General Assembly for states' consideration during its 73rd annual session, which starts in September 2018.1 For those who have been involved in migration issues within the United Nations, the fact that member states have finally agreed to convene an international conference on international migration represents a major achievement. It is the result of an extended process that started decades ago and was made possible by a long chain of efforts by many state delegations and other stakeholders. The global compact for migration will not be the first outcome document dealing exclusively with international migration. A declaration2 adopted at a high-level meeting at the United Nations in October 2013, for example, paved the way for the 2018 conference. Nonetheless, the global compact represents a unique opportunity to address international migration comprehensively and humanely. This paper contributes to the discussion on the elements that should be included in the global compact for migration. The paper is divided into two sections. The first section analyzes the main elements of Annex II, “Towards a Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration,” and the criteria that needs to be adopted in order to achieve a substantive outcome. In particular, participants in the negotiation process should aim to balance the concerns of states and the members of host societies, on one hand, with the needs and rights of migrants, on the other. The second section includes proposals to enrich the final global compact for migration and takes into account two documents written by two different actors within the UN system, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Migration, and the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants. In particular, the paper proposes that the global compact for migration: • sets forth principles that can inform the actions of governments in relation to international migration at all levels; • enunciates a clearer definition of state protection responsibilities in relation to migrants in crisis situations and so-called “mixed flows”3; affords a substantive role to civil society organizations, the private sector, and academic institutions in the global compact's follow-up and review process; • defines the institutional framework for the implementation and follow-up of the global compact within the United Nations, including through the work of the UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF); • establishes a mechanism to fund migration policies for states that lack enough resources to invest sufficiently in this task; and • builds a cooperation-oriented, peer-review mechanism to review migration policies. The paper has been conceived as an input for those who will take part in the negotiation of the global compact for migration, as well as those who will closely follow those negotiations. Thus, the paper assumes a level of knowledge on how international migration has been addressed within the United Nations during the last several years and of the complexities of these negotiation processes. The author took part in different UN negotiation processes on international migration from 2004 to 2013. The paper is primarily based on this experience.4

Part 1 General and Special Reports, 5 UNCITRAL: UNCITRAL Perspectives on the Hague Principles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Castellani Luca ◽  
Emery Cyril
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Party Autonomy ◽  
Freedom Of Contract ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Uniform Model ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
High Level

This chapter evaluates the relationship between the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and the Hague Principles. The UNCITRAL texts, starting with the early drafts of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), have provided solid ground in support of freedom of contract. In providing a uniform model applicable to multiple jurisdictions, the CISG ensures a high level of safeguard of parties’ wills. In particular, the CISG promotes the well-established principle of party autonomy by virtue of its Article 6, which allows parties to the contract to opt out entirely of its provisions and hence to choose another law more appropriate to their needs. Given UNCITRAL’s desire to further facilitate use of the CISG by traders and in light of its focus on freedom of contract and party autonomy, it is not surprising that the UNCITRAL Secretariat took a particular interest in the development by the Hague Conference on Private International Law of the Principles on Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts (2015) and the related Commentary. The chapter then looks at UNCITRAL’s endorsement of the Hague Principles.

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