The 3D-printed socket could not tolerate the bending test, resulting in snapping before being completely straightened (point of failure)

ASVIDE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 429-429
Author(s):  
Teruya Komatsu ◽  
Toshihiko Sato ◽  
Yasuto Sakaguchi ◽  
Yusuke Muranishi ◽  
Yojiro Yutaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bending Test ◽  
3D Printed

Comparisons of Bending Stiffness of 3D Printed Samples of Different Materials

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbub Ahmed ◽  
Md. R. Islam ◽  
Justin Vanhoose ◽  
Lionel Hewavitharana ◽  
Aaron Stanich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Flexural Stiffness ◽  
Result Section ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
System A ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed

3D printing technology has become more affordable than ever before. Today 3D printers are not only used for making prototypes but are also being used to make good quality 3D parts for different purposes. A wide variety of filament materials are used in the market. Finding bending stiffness of different plastic filaments is the particular interest in the current study. The purpose of the project is to investigate the bending stiffness of different 3D printed beam samples. A series of samples for performing bending tests were designed using a solid modeling tool. These samples were printed with four different plastic filaments on a 3D printer in the engineering Lab of Southern Arkansas University. The samples were tested for flexural stiffness (bending) using a materials testing system. A popular 3-point bending test was conducted for this purpose. The force vs. deflection data was obtained to obtain the flexural stiffness of the beam samples. The results were discussed in detail in the result section of this paper.

scholarly journals Property Analysis of Photo-Polymerization-Type 3D-Printed Structures Based on Multi-Composite Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8545
Author(s):  
So-Ree Hwang ◽  
Min-Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Photo Polymerization ◽  
Anisotropic Structures ◽  
3D Printed

Additive manufacturing, commonly called 3D printing, has been studied extensively because it can be used to fabricate complex structures; however, polymer-based 3D printing has limitations in terms of implementing certain functionalities, so it is limited in the production of conceptual prototypes. As such, polymer-based composites and multi-material 3D printing are being studied as alternatives. In this study, a DLP 3D printer capable of printing multiple composite materials was fabricated using a movable separator and structures with various properties were fabricated by selectively printing two composite materials. After the specimen was fabricated based on the ASTM, the basic mechanical properties of the structure were compared through a 3-point bending test and a ball rebound test. Through this, it was shown that structures with various mechanical properties can be fabricated using the proposed movable-separator-based DLP process. In addition, it was shown that this process can be used to fabricate anisotropic structures, whose properties vary depending on the direction of the force applied to the structure. By fabricating multi-joint grippers with varying levels of flexibility, it was shown that the proposed process can be applied in the fabrication of soft robots as well.

A Micromechanical Bending Stage for Studying Mechanical Properties of Materials Using Nanoindenter

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elhebeary ◽  
M. Taher A. Saif
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bending Stress ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Good Agreement

An analytical and computational model of a novel bending stage is presented. The stage applies bending moments on micro/nanoscale beam specimens using a nanoindenter. In uniaxial tests, any flaw within the entire volume of the specimen may lead to fracture before material yields. The new stage minimizes the volume of material under a uniaxial state of stress in the specimen, but maximizes bending stress over a small volume such that high stresses can be reached within a small volume on the specimen without a premature failure by fracture. The analytical model of the stage accounts for the geometric nonlinearity of the sample, but assumes simplified boundary conditions. It predicts the deflection and stresses in the specimen beam upon loading. The numerical model of the stage and the specimen employing a finite element (FE) package tests the validity of the analytical model. Good agreement between analytical and numerical results shows that the assumptions in the analytical model are reasonable. Therefore, the analytical model can be used to optimize the design of the stage and the specimen. A design of the stage is presented that results in axial/bending stress < 2% in the sample. In order to test the feasibility of the proposed design, a 3D printed stage and a sample are fabricated using the Polyamide PA2200. Bending test is then carried out employing an indenter. Elastic modulus of PA2200 is extracted from the load-deflection data. The value matches closely with that reported in the literature.

Effects of micro particle reinforcement on mechanical properties of 3D printed parts

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebubekir Çantı ◽  
Mustafa Aydın
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Particle Reinforcement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to characterize the effects of different micro particle reinforcement with same weight ratio in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) feed-stocks for 3D printing process. Design/methodology/approach In this study, composite filaments were produced by using a co-rotational twin screw extruder and used as building material to print samples in a commercial fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer. The reinforcement particles, ZrB2 and Al, have different properties, including density, surface area, purity and particle morphology, and were expected to improve mechanical properties of 3D printed samples. Differential calorimetry scanning and melt flow index studies were applied on the materials to observe the change in glass transition temperatures and melt flow behaviors, respectively. Also, to evaluate the mechanical properties, tensile and three-point bending test were carried out. Fractured surfaces were characterized via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for validation of the reinforcements in the ABS matrix. Moreover, scanning electron microscope micrograph examination was conducted on the fractured surfaces to characterize fracture modes. Findings For 3D printed samples, a strain increase of at least 82.5 per cent was achieved by using micro particle reinforcement with a weight ratio of 1.5 per cent. Research limitations/implications Higher filler ratios of the reinforcement particles cause loss on the printability of the feed-stocks. Practical implications Reinforced ABS stands out as a possible solution to overcome robustness problems in FDM printing. Originality/value Even though the effects of printing parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D printed parts have been vastly studied in the literature, studies conducted on improvement of the building materials are limited. This paper proposes to create novel feed-stock materials for achieving printed parts with superior properties using polymer composites.

scholarly journals Effect of infill density and pattern on the specific load capacity of FDM 3D-printed PLA multi-layer sandwich

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
József Dobos ◽  
Muammel M. Hanon ◽  
István Oldal
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Specific Load ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
The Given ◽  
Manufacturing Time

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing settings allow the existence of differently filled sections together within a piece. That means the use of inhomogeneous internal material structure. Knowing the load capacity that 3D printed plastic parts can withstand leads to the reduction of the filling degree, thus the amount of the used material in certain places. This approach has two advantages during production: (i) less material use and (ii) reduced manufacturing time, both being cost-reducing factors. The present research aims to find the optimal proportions for fabricating a bending test piece with varying filling degrees. To achieve this goal, experimental tests were performed for obtaining tensile strength and modulus of elasticity using different pairs of infill density and pattern. This provided a basis for creating a working mechanical model based on accurate and realistic material properties. Hence, a series of virtual bending test experiments were conducted on a sandwich structure specimen employing Ansys Workbench software. By doing so, the optimal thickness (of the sandwich’s inner layer) with the highest specific load capacity for the given filling patterns and densities were determined. To the best of our knowledge, the current procedure of experiments and method of settings optimization were not discussed elsewhere.

Study of the anisotropy of the properties of the ceramic cutting insert obtained by the LCM technology of 3D printing from the composite Al2O3/ZrO2 (ZTA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
G. V. Shcherbak ◽  
A. A. Murashov ◽  
K. E. Smetanina ◽  
M. M. Vostokov ◽  
M. S. Boldin
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Indentation Method ◽  
Load Range ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Cutting Insert ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Knoop Indenter

The anisotropy of the properties of a ceramic cutting insert (for three faces) obtained by the lithography-based technology from the Al2O3 + ZrO2 composite has been studied. The study was carried out using the indentation method and Mayer’s law. This method, in contrast to the bending test, excludes the sample destruction. All the studies were carried out on three faces of a ceramic cutting insert made of a composite Al2O3 + ZrO2. The behavior of the Mayer index was studied in the range of loads from 2 to 20 kg and from 0.2 to 1 kg. The results of studying the density, phase composition and microstructure of each face of the sample are presented. The study of the adhesion of the printed layers were also carried out using a Knoop indenter. No anisotropy of the hardness was observed in the load range up to 10 kg. It is shown that a layered structure present in the sample, contributes to the hardness anisotropy under the load of 20 kg and more. No anisotropy of the fracture toughness is observed in the load range of 2 – 20 kg. The results of using a Knoop indenter revealed a high adhesion between 3D printed layers. Studies using a Knoop indenter have indicated high adhesion between the layers of 3D printing.

Multi-Material FDM 3D Printing Process Parameter Development Based on Bending Test Characterization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Lai ◽  
Aaron Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Internal Damping ◽  
Material Interfaces ◽  
Material Interface ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to study the effects of perimeter inflation on the dynamic behavior of a flexible / rigid multi-material interface. The results of this study can be applied to applications where there is a need for low cost, multi-material 3D printed parts which have both flexibility and strength at the material interfaces designed to undergo simultaneous axial strain and flexural strain. A non-homogeneous 3D printed structure with the desired static and dynamic mechanical behavior was designed using a flexible thermoplastic polyurethane substrate (NinjaFlex) and stiff ABS segment. The multi-material part was printed using a consumer grade dual extruder desktop FDM 3D printer. This project focused on the evaluation of the mechanical behavior of the 3D multi-material due to delamination at the interfaces between the materials undergoing simultaneous flexural and axial loading. In order to reduce the occurrences of delamination, overlap at the interfaces was imposed by using perimeter inflation of both the two different materials. The purpose of the project was to develop a test methodology for the evaluation of the use of perimeter inflation in order to improve the behavior of the multi-material fused deposition printed parts. A modified 3 point bending test was developed to measure the equivalent stiffness and internal damping of the material interface. As a result of this testing, increasing the perimeter inflation was found to cause a modest increase in the stiffness of the interface, with little effect on the internal damping of the interface.

scholarly journals A Biomechanical Comparison of Fiberglass Casts and 3-Dimensional–Printed, Open-Latticed, Ventilated Casts

Hand ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 842-849
Author(s):  
Paul Hoogervorst ◽  
Riley Knox ◽  
Kara Tanaka ◽  
Zachary M. Working ◽  
Ashraf N. El Naga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius Fracture ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Fracture Model ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Radius Fracture ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
3D Printed

Background: The aim of this study was to quantify the stabilizing properties of a 3-dimensional (3D)-printed short-arm cast and compare those properties with traditional fiberglass casts in a cadaveric subacute distal radius fracture model. Methods: A cadaveric subacute fracture model was created in 8 pairs of forearms. The specimens were equally allocated to a fiberglass cast or 3D-printed cast group. All specimens were subjected to 3 biomechanical testing modalities simulating daily life use: flexion and extension of digits, pronation and supination of the hand, and 3-point bending. Between each loading modality, radiological evaluation of the specimens was performed to evaluate possible interval displacement. Interfragmentary motion was quantified using a 3D motion-tracking system. Results: Radiographic assessment did not reveal statistically significant differences in radiographic parameters between the 2 groups before and after biomechanical testing. A statistically significant difference in interfragmentary motion was calculated with the 3-point bending test, with a mean difference of 0.44 (±0.48) mm of motion. Conclusions: A statistically significant difference in interfragmentary motion between the 2 casting groups was only identified in 3-point bending. However, the clinical relevance of this motion remains unclear as the absolute motion is less than 1 mm. The results of this study show noninferiority of the 3D-printed casts compared with the traditional fiberglass casts in immobilizing a subacute distal radius fracture model. These results support the execution of a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing both casting techniques.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Static Bending Properties of 3D Printed Zirconia Part via Digital Light Processing Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boran Wang ◽  
Ali Arab ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
Pengwan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Direction

Abstract Zirconia is widely applied as an implant due to its’ excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties such as high hardness and extraordinary resistance to wear and corrosion. However, these outstanding mechanical properties make it challenging to fabricate Zirconia into complex shapes using conventional manufacturing techniques. In the current study, the digital light processing method was used to manufacture the Zirconia part. Its mechanical property was evaluated via a three-point bending test with digital image correlation and fractography analysis. The 3D-printed Zirconia sample had a relative density of approximately 98.8% and a Vickers hardness value of 1128 HV. The flexural strength under parallel and vertical bending loads (with respect to the printing direction) were 56.63±3.97MPa and 70.98±6.62MPa, respectively. Surrounding by a few dense layers, the interior of the sintered sample was interlaced with needle-like and winding cracks. Under the three-point bending, the cracks initiated at the bottom surface due to the tension effect and propagated faster along the width direction than the thickness direction. There was a large area of cleavage morphology in the dense boundary layers, whereas the plastic fracture mode also appeared in the interior of the sintered samples. The digital light processing method is expected to be comparable to other advanced ceramic processing techniques for fabricating spatial lattice structural products.

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