scholarly journals What Is The Relationship Between Sea Grasses And The Microbial Communities That Live In Their Sediments?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Sogin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Salivary protein glycopatterns for natural regulation of oral microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Li ◽  
Jian Shu ◽  
Yu Hanjie ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xiameng Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Novel Theory ◽  
Dynamic Communities ◽  
Dietary Sugars ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The oral microbiota is the direct precursor of dental caries and periodontitis, which are the most common microbial-induced diseases worldwide. The distinct microenvironment at the oral barrier breeds unique microbial communities, which are regulated by host factors (inflammation or dietary sugars)1. Increasing evidence indicates that dysbiosis of oral microbial communities is associated with many human diseases2-5. Our studies demonstrated that human disease could induce different alterations in salivary protein glycopatterns6. However, the relationship between salivary protein glycopatterns and oral microbial communities is unknown. Here, we report that altered salivary protein glycopatterns, namely, fucosylated or sialylated structures induced by gastric cancer (GC) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), respectively, are also drivers of dysbiosis of oral microbial communities and ultimately dental caries and periodontitis. The fucosylated neoglycoproteins and sialic acid (SA) α2-3 galactose (Gal) structure can inhibit the growth or/and adhesion of Aggregatibacter segnis and Candida albicans from the oral cavity of patients with GC and T2DM, respectively. These findings provide a novel theory that dynamic communities of oral microbiota are regulated naturally by host salivary protein glycopatterns, having important implications for developing new carbohydrate drugs for oral and body health.

scholarly journals Ontogenetic Differences in Dietary Fat Influence Microbiota Assembly in the Zebrafish Gut

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandi Wong ◽  
W. Zac Stephens ◽  
Adam R. Burns ◽  
Keaton Stagaman ◽  
Lawrence A. David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT Gut microbiota influence the development and physiology of their animal hosts, and these effects are determined in part by the composition of these microbial communities. Gut microbiota composition can be affected by introduction of microbes from the environment, changes in the gut habitat during development, and acute dietary alterations. However, little is known about the relationship between gut and environmental microbiotas or about how host development and dietary differences during development impact the assembly of gut microbiota. We sought to explore these relationships using zebrafish, an ideal model because they are constantly immersed in a defined environment and can be fed the same diet for their entire lives. We conducted a cross-sectional study in zebrafish raised on a high-fat, control, or low-fat diet and used bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing to survey microbial communities in the gut and external environment at different developmental ages. Gut and environmental microbiota compositions rapidly diverged following the initiation of feeding and became increasingly different as zebrafish grew under conditions of a constant diet. Different dietary fat levels were associated with distinct gut microbiota compositions at different ages. In addition to alterations in individual bacterial taxa, we identified putative assemblages of bacterial lineages that covaried in abundance as a function of age, diet, and location. These results reveal dynamic relationships between dietary fat levels and the microbial communities residing in the intestine and the surrounding environment during ontogenesis. IMPORTANCE The ability of gut microbiota to influence host health is determined in part by their composition. However, little is known about the relationship between gut and environmental microbiotas or about how ontogenetic differences in dietary fat impact gut microbiota composition. We addressed these gaps in knowledge using zebrafish, an ideal model organism because their environment can be thoroughly sampled and they can be fed the same diet for their entire lives. We found that microbial communities in the gut changed as zebrafish aged under conditions of a constant diet and became increasingly different from microbial communities in their surrounding environment. Further, we observed that the amount of fat in the diet had distinct age-specific effects on gut community assembly. These results reveal the complex relationships between microbial communities residing in the intestine and those in the surrounding environment and show that these relationships are shaped by dietary fat throughout the life of animal hosts.

scholarly journals Lung and gut microbiota are altered by hyperoxia and contribute to oxygen-induced lung injury in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (556) ◽  
pp. eaau9959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanna L. Ashley ◽  
Michael W. Sjoding ◽  
Antonia P. Popova ◽  
Tracy X. Cui ◽  
Matthew J. Hoostal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Adult Mouse ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Systemic Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Severe Lung

Inhaled oxygen, although commonly administered to patients with respiratory disease, causes severe lung injury in animals and is associated with poor clinical outcomes in humans. The relationship between hyperoxia, lung and gut microbiota, and lung injury is unknown. Here, we show that hyperoxia conferred a selective relative growth advantage on oxygen-tolerant respiratory microbial species (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) as demonstrated by an observational study of critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation and experiments using neonatal and adult mouse models. During exposure of mice to hyperoxia, both lung and gut bacterial communities were altered, and these communities contributed to oxygen-induced lung injury. Disruption of lung and gut microbiota preceded lung injury, and variation in microbial communities correlated with variation in lung inflammation. Germ-free mice were protected from oxygen-induced lung injury, and systemic antibiotic treatment selectively modulated the severity of oxygen-induced lung injury in conventionally housed animals. These results suggest that inhaled oxygen may alter lung and gut microbial communities and that these communities could contribute to lung injury.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Using Clinical Information for Microbial Communities.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko Abe ◽  
Masaaki Hirayama ◽  
Kinji Ohno ◽  
Teppei Shimamura
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Matrix Factorization ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Nonnegative Matrix ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Efficient Procedure ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The human microbiome forms very complex communities that consist of hundreds to thousands of different microorganisms that not only affect the host, but also participate in disease processes. Several state-of-the-art methods have been proposed for learning the structure of microbial communities and to investigate the relationship between microorganisms and host environmental factors. However, these methods were mainly designed to model and analyze single microbial communities that do not interact with or depend on other communities. Such methods therefore cannot comprehend the properties between interdependent systems in communities that affect host behavior and disease processes. Results: We introduce a novel hierarchical Bayesian framework, called BALSAMICO (BAyesian Latent Semantic Analysis of MIcrobial COmmunities), which uses microbial metagenome data to discover the underlying microbial community structures and the associations between microbiota and their environmental factors. BALSAMICO models mixtures of communities in the framework of nonnegative matrix factorization, taking into account environmental factors. This method first proposes an efficient procedure for estimating parameters. A simulation then evaluates the accuracy of the estimated parameters. Finally, the method is used to analyze clinical data. In this analysis, we successfully detected bacteria related to colorectal cancer. These results show that the method not only accurately estimates the parameters needed to analyze the connections between communities of microbiota and their environments, but also allows for the effective detection of these communities in real-world circumstances.

scholarly journals The relationship between successional vascular plant assemblages and associated microbial communities on coal mine spoil heaps

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Woźniak ◽  
A. Markowicz ◽  
S. Borymski ◽  
Z. Piotrowska-Seget ◽  
D. Chmura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Mine Spoil ◽  
Plant Assemblages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spoil Heaps

scholarly journals Distribution of Archaeal and Bacterial communities in a subtropical reservoir

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Américo Soares ◽  
André Cordeiro Alves Dos Santos ◽  
Iolanda Cristina Silveira Duarte ◽  
Emiliana Manesco Romagnoli ◽  
Maria do Carmo Calijuri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Metabolic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Process ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Aim: Microbial communities play a central role in environmental process such as organic matter mineralization and the nutrient cycling process in aquatic ecosystems. Despite their ecological importance, variability of the structure of archaeal and bacterial communities in freshwater remains understudied. Methods In the present study we investigated the richness and density of archaea and bacteria in the water column and sediments of the Itupararanga Reservoir. We also evaluated the relationship between the communities and the biotic and abiotic characteristics. Samples were taken at five depths in the water column next to the dam and three depths next to the reservoir entrance. Results PCR-DGGE evaluation of the archaeal and bacterial communities showed that both were present in the water column, even in oxygenated conditions. Conclusions The density of the bacteria (qPCR) was greater than that of the archaea, a result of the higher metabolic plasticity of bacteria compared with archaea.

scholarly journals Rabbit microbiota across the whole body revealed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofen Hu ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Shanshan Yang ◽  
Xu Yuan ◽  
Tingyu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Microbial Samples

Abstract Background Rabbit can produce meat, fur and leather, and serves as an important biomedical animal model. Understanding the microbial community of rabbits helps to raise rabbits healthily and better support their application as animal models. Results In this study, we selected 4 healthy Belgium gray rabbits to collect the microbial samples from 12 body sites, including skin, lung, uterus, mouth, stomach, duodenum, ileum, jejunum, colon, cecum, cecal appendix and rectum. The microbiota across rabbit whole body was investigated via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. After quality control, 46 samples were retained, and 3,148 qualified ASVs were obtained, representing 23 phyla and 264 genera. Based on the weighted UniFrac distances, these samples were divided into the large intestine (Lin), stomach and small intestine (SSin), uterus (Uter), and skin, mouth and lung (SML) groups. The diversity of Lin microbiota was the highest, followed by those of the SSin, Uter and SML groups. In the whole body, Firmicutes (62.37%), Proteobacteria (13.44%) and Bacteroidota (11.84%) were the most predominant phyla. The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the intestinal tract was significantly higher than that in the non-intestinal site, while Proteobacteria was significantly higher in the non-intestinal site. Among the 264 genera, 35 were the core microbiota distributed in all body sites. Sixty-one genera were specific in the SML group, while 13, 8 and 1 were specifically found in the Lin, SSin and Uter groups, respectively. The Lin group had the most difference with other groups, there were average 72 differential genera between the Lin and other groups. The functional prediction analysis showed that microbial function within each group was similar, but there was a big difference between the intestinal tracts and the non-intestinal group. Notably, the function of microorganism in uterus and mouth were the most different from those in the gastrointestinal sites; rabbit’s coprophagy of consuming soft feces possibly resulted in little differences of microbial function between stomach and large intestinal sites. Conclusion Our findings improve the knowledge about rabbit microbial communities throughout whole body and give insights into the relationship of microbial communities among different body sites in health rabbits.

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