scholarly journals How Do Behavioral Context and Internal State Influence Sensory Perception and Behavior?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona GRUNWALDKADOW ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Behavioral Context ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Neural mechanisms driving hunger-induced changes in sensory perception and behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiu E. Lau ◽  
Zachary T. Cecere ◽  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Claire J. Yang ◽  
Tatyana O. Sharpee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Neuronal Dynamics ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Appetitive Behavior ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Body Wall Muscles ◽  
Peptide Signals ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Behavior

SummaryWhile much is known about how external cues affect neural circuits, less is known about how internal states modify their function. We acutely food-deprived C. elegans and analyzed its responses in integrating attractant and repellent signals. We show that food deprivation leads to a reversible decline in repellent sensitivity; with no effect on appetitive behavior allowing animals to engage in higher risk behavior. Multiple tissues including the intestine and body wall muscles use a conserved transcription factor, MondoA, to detect the lack of food and release AEX-5 convertase processed peptides from dense core vesicles. Subsequently, ASI chemosensory neurons use the DAF-2 insulin receptor and non-canonical signaling to integrate the tissue-released peptide signals modifying their stimulus-evoked adaptation rate. We suggest that altering ASI neuronal dynamics affects its function and modifies behavior. Together, these studies show how internal state signals modify sensory perception and risk assessment to generate flexible behaviors.

2A1-B10 A Study on a cricket's neuronal modeling for behavior selection : Consideration to between internal state and behavior selection

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (0) ◽  
pp. _2A1-B10_1-_2A1-B10_2
Author(s):  
Takashi FUJII ◽  
Kuniaki KAWABATA ◽  
Hitoshi AONUMA ◽  
Tsuyoshi SUZUKI ◽  
Masatoshi ASHIKAGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
Neuronal Modeling ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Behavior Selection

scholarly journals A distributed dopamine-gated circuit underpins reproductive state-dependent behavior in Drosophila females

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane C Boehm ◽  
Anja B Friedrich ◽  
Paul Bandow ◽  
K.P. Siju ◽  
Sydney Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Reproductive State ◽  
Behavioral Screening ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Output Neurons ◽  
And Behavior

Motherhood induces a drastic, sometimes long-lasting, change in internal state and behavior in most female animals. Here, we show that a mating-induced increase in olfactory attraction of female Drosophila flies to nutrients relies on interconnected neural pathways in the two higher olfactory brain regions, the lateral horn (LH) and the mushroom body (MB). Using whole brain calcium imaging, we find that mating does not induce a global change in the activity of the whole brain nor of entire brain regions, suggesting specific neuronal or network changes in the olfactory system. Systematic behavioral screening and electron microscopy (EM) connectomics identify two types of LH output neurons required for the attraction of females to polyamines -one of them previously implicated in the processing of male pheromones. In addition, we characterize multiple MB pathways capable of inducing or suppressing polyamine attraction, with synaptic connections to the identified LH neurons and a prominent role for the β′1 compartment. Moreover, β′1 dopaminergic neurons are modulated by mating and are sufficient to replace mating experience in virgins inducing the lasting behavioral switch in female preference. Taken together, our data in the fly suggests that reproductive state-dependent expression of female choice behavior is regulated by a dopamine-gated distributed learning circuit comprising both higher olfactory brain centers.

scholarly journals Models of heterogeneous dopamine signaling in an insect learning and memory center

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linnie Jiang ◽  
Ashok Litwin-Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Insect Learning ◽  
External Reinforcement ◽  
Learned Behaviors ◽  
Architectural Constraints ◽  
Dopamine Signaling ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Task Parameters

AbstractThe Drosophila mushroom body exhibits dopamine dependent synaptic plasticity that underlies the acquisition of associative memories. Recordings of dopamine neurons in this system have identified signals related to external reinforcement such as reward and punishment. However, other factors including locomotion, novelty, reward expectation, and internal state have also recently been shown to modulate dopamine neurons. This heterogeneity is at odds with typical modeling approaches in which these neurons are assumed to encode a global, scalar error signal. How is dopamine dependent plasticity coordinated in the presence of such heterogeneity? We develop a modeling approach that infers a pattern of dopamine activity sufficient to solve defined behavioral tasks, given architectural constraints informed by knowledge of mushroom body circuitry. Model dopamine neurons exhibit diverse tuning to task parameters while nonetheless producing coherent learned behaviors. Our results provide a mechanistic framework that accounts for the heterogeneity of dopamine activity during learning and behavior.

scholarly journals Dynamic salience processing in paraventricular thalamus gates associative learning

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 362 (6413) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjie Zhu ◽  
Gregory Nachtrab ◽  
Piper C. Keyes ◽  
William E. Allen ◽  
Liqun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Behavioral Context ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Dynamic Representation ◽  
Stimulus Salience ◽  
Flexible Behavior ◽  
Paraventricular Thalamus ◽  
Reinforcing Stimuli

The salience of behaviorally relevant stimuli is dynamic and influenced by internal state and external environment. Monitoring such changes is critical for effective learning and flexible behavior, but the neuronal substrate for tracking the dynamics of stimulus salience is obscure. We found that neurons in the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) are robustly activated by a variety of behaviorally relevant events, including novel (“unfamiliar”) stimuli, reinforcing stimuli and their predicting cues, as well as omission of the expected reward. PVT responses are scaled with stimulus intensity and modulated by changes in homeostatic state or behavioral context. Inhibition of the PVT responses suppresses appetitive or aversive associative learning and reward extinction. Our findings demonstrate that the PVT gates associative learning by providing a dynamic representation of stimulus salience.

scholarly journals Comparative single-cell transcriptomics of complete insect nervous systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin T. Cocanougher ◽  
Jason D. Wittenbach ◽  
Xi Salina Long ◽  
Andrea B. Kohn ◽  
Tigran P. Norekian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Behavioral State ◽  
Wasp Sting ◽  
Cell State ◽  
And Behavior

SummaryMolecular profiles of neurons influence information processing, but bridging the gap between genes, circuits, and behavior has been very difficult. Furthermore, the behavioral state of an animal continuously changes across development and as a result of sensory experience. How behavioral state influences molecular cell state is poorly understood. Here we present a complete atlas of the Drosophila larval central nervous system composed of over 200,000 single cells across four developmental stages. We develop polyseq, a python package, to perform cell-type analyses. We use single-molecule RNA-FISH to validate our scRNAseq findings. To investigate how internal state affects cell state, we optogentically altered internal state with high-throughput behavior protocols designed to mimic wasp sting and over activation of the memory system. We found nervous system-wide and neuron-specific gene expression changes. This resource is valuable for developmental biology and neuroscience, and it advances our understanding of how genes, neurons, and circuits generate behavior.

scholarly journals Coordinated prefrontal state transition leads extinction of reward-seeking behaviors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Russo ◽  
Tianyang Ma ◽  
Rainer Spanagel ◽  
Daniel Durstewitz ◽  
Hazem Toutounji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Conditioned Reward ◽  
Conditioned Stimuli ◽  
Extinction Learning ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Unit Coordination

ABSTRACTExtinction learning suppresses conditioned reward responses and is thus fundamental to adapt to changing environmental demands and to control excessive reward seeking. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) monitors and controls conditioned reward responses. Using in vivo multiple single-unit recordings of mPFC we studied the relationship between single-unit and population dynamics during different phases of an operant conditioning task. To examine the fine temporal relation between neural activity and behavior, we developed a model-based statistical analysis that captured behavioral idiosyncrasies. We found that single-unit responses to conditioned stimuli changed throughout the course of a session even under stable experimental conditions and consistent behavior. However, when behavioral responses to task contingencies had to be updated during the extinction phase, unit-specific modulations became coordinated across the whole population, pushing the network into a new stable attractor state. These results show that extinction learning is not associated with suppressed mPFC responses to conditioned stimuli, but is driven by single-unit coordination into population-wide transitions of the animal’s internal state.

Interoceptive appraisal and mental health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman A. S. Farb ◽  
Kyle Logie
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Interoception is the process of sensing the body’s internal state. An emerging neurobiological model supports the idea that subjective well-being is influenced by how physiological changes are detected and appraised. Contemplative interventions such as mindfulness training, which appear efficacious in reducing emotional distress, may operate by promoting curiosity and flexibility in this appraisal process. This chapter reviews evidence about the relationship between interceptive appraisal and mental health, including an account of how contemplative training modulates interoceptive networks to alter interoceptive appraisal tendencies. New measures are needed to distinguish the effects of appraisal tendencies from more implicit effects of physiological change. To support this endeavour, pilot data is introduced from a novel, respiration-focused task that experimentally manipulates interoceptive awareness, and by extension the need for interoceptive appraisal, within a given level of physiological arousal. Potential applications of this task for exploring the influence of interoceptive appraisal on affect, cognition, and behavior are discussed.

scholarly journals Western European researchers on the conditions of effective transformation of a teacher’s professional habitus during the seminars analyzing practices

Osvitolohiya ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Tetiana Kharchenko ◽  
Maryna Zvereva
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Educational Training ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Education Theory ◽  
Western European ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior

The article deals with the notion of «habitus». It means a combination of codes and abilities obtained in an early age, the way an individual applies them under different conditions. It dwells upon the studies of Western European researchers of education theory and practice on the conditions of effective transformation of a teacher’s professional habitus. One of the conditions is the implementation of a global clinic approach understood as a permanent alteration of theory and practice in the teacher training process. They argue that theoretical knowledge accumulated beyond the context of actions is not possible to mobilize and is not mobilized to solve professional problems. There are five important issues of organizing the teacher clinic training suggested by the Western European researchers of theory and practice of education in the late 20th century. One of them is the organization of collective analysis seminars on practices within the professional educational training. According to the above mentioned researchers, participating in a group analyzing practices serves as an introduction to the personal reflective practice and stimulatesthe development and transformation of the personality of reflexive teacher-practitioner (in other words, the development and transformation of the teacher, possessing developed reflexive skills, directed onto self-analysis of his or her own professional actions, behavior style, internal state; this is the teacher who is able to make professional decisions and to act by himself or herself; this is the one who takes responsibility for his or her decisions and actions.) The article reveals the conditions when the collective analysis of practices can enhance changes in educational practices and behavior of a teacher. In their opinion, the teacher’s personality changes can be possible provided the analysis of the practices is relevant, accepted by a teacher and integrated by him or her into the professional activity.

scholarly journals Starvation promotes concerted modulation of appetitive olfactory behavior via parallel neuromodulatory circuits

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang I Ko ◽  
Cory M Root ◽  
Scott A Lindsay ◽  
Orel A Zaninovich ◽  
Andrew K Shepherd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antennal Lobe ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
Olfactory Behavior ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Functional Remodeling ◽  
Olfactory Processing ◽  
Toxic Food ◽  
And Behavior

The internal state of an organism influences its perception of attractive or aversive stimuli and thus promotes adaptive behaviors that increase its likelihood of survival. The mechanisms underlying these perceptual shifts are critical to our understanding of how neural circuits support animal cognition and behavior. Starved flies exhibit enhanced sensitivity to attractive odors and reduced sensitivity to aversive odors. Here, we show that a functional remodeling of the olfactory map is mediated by two parallel neuromodulatory systems that act in opposing directions on olfactory attraction and aversion at the level of the first synapse. Short neuropeptide F sensitizes an antennal lobe glomerulus wired for attraction, while tachykinin (DTK) suppresses activity of a glomerulus wired for aversion. Thus we show parallel neuromodulatory systems functionally reconfigure early olfactory processing to optimize detection of nutrients at the risk of ignoring potentially toxic food resources.

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