scholarly journals Classification and assessment of losses from the armed conflict in Donbas and annexation of Crimea

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 107-123
Author(s):  
Serhii Ivanov ◽  
◽  
Svitlana Yudina ◽  
Olena Lysa ◽  
Andrii Drahun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Direct Damage ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Quantitative Form ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The authors classify and investigate the losses caused by the military conflict in the east of Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea, as well as the approaches to their assessment. The authors studied the results of scientific research, current legislation, and information-analytical materials and came to the conclusion that there are no common standards (approaches) or detailed approaches to loss assessment for different entities (state, individual enterprises, and citizens), and the mechanism of compensation for losses is undeveloped as well. This can cause many problems both for experts in substantiating the volume of damages and for courts in considering relevant cases for losses. The authors considered the damage caused to Ukraine by the military conflict with Russia, which resulted in the annexation of the Crimean peninsula and the occupation of Luhansk and Donetsk regions, and interpreted this damage as assessed consequences of these events and classified them by place and time of manifestation on direct, indirect, complete and general, and by spheres of manifestation of consequences on medico-biological, military-political, socio-economic, external and internal political and ecological ones. To characterize each of these types of damage, the authors have identified certain components that can have quantitative and qualitative forms of expression. Taken into account that the qualitative assessment of the consequences of armed conflict is subjective to some extent and depends on the coverage of expert opinions, the authors focused on those components that can be quantified (in monetary terms). To assess them, in the article there were formed certain groups of indicators that have a quantitative form of expression. At the same time, first of all, the authors take into account indicators that make it possible to assess the direct damage from the armed conflict. The authors, based on the analysis and generalization of the values of these indicators in the dynamics, determine the estimated amount of direct damage caused to Ukraine during the conflict (2014-2019), and give a forecast of its growth if this conflict continues. Also, we propose the option of calculating the lost benefit from the impossibility of using a part of the country’s territory (currently uncontrolled) based on its potential.

scholarly journals Features of detection and obtaining evidence of war crimes committed in the context of international armed conflict

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (69) ◽  
pp. 74-90
Author(s):  
Ihor Tataryn ◽  
Yuliia Komissarchuk ◽  
Yurii Dmytryk ◽  
Mariia Maistrenko ◽  
Olha Rymarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Support Organization ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
The Military

The scientific article is devoted to a comprehensive understanding of international legal, procedural, and organizational problems of investigation of war crimes committed during the military conflict in the south and east of Ukraine. It develops the author's concept of investigation of war crimes committed during the armed conflict, scientifically substantiated theoretical provisions and specific patterns that are manifested in the field of legal support, organization of investigation, collection of evidence, methods of investigation of crimes of this type. It is concluded that there is a need to specify the components of war crimes in national legislation. Recommendations for further improvement of criminal and criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine in order to fulfill the state's international obligations in the field of international humanitarian law are given.

RUSSIAN ANTI-ACCESS POTENTIAL (A2 / AD) ON THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA

2020 ◽  
Vol XIV ◽  
pp. 0-1
Author(s):  
Patryk Reśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Security Architecture ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The purpose of the following article is to present the military capabilities of the Russian Federation located on the Crimean peninsula, and to define in this context Russian A2/AD anti-access capabilities and their impact on the security architecture of the Black Sea region, in particular NATO's south-eastern flank

scholarly journals MODERN PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE OBSERVANCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE MILITARY CONFLICT ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
V.V. Goncharov ◽  
◽  
N.N. Berzeova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
International Justice ◽  
The South ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Military

The article deals with the problems of human rights in the context of armed conflict and the actions of the anti-terrorist operation in the South-East of Ukraine. The analyzes the fundamental documents of international law and the law of Ukraine in the field of basic human rights and freedoms and identifies violations of regulations in the field of ensuring the security of citizens, the use of the army and prohibited weapons against civilians and civilian infrastructure. Based on the research carried out in the article, the author identifies and justifies the following ways to resolve the conflict: the introduction of troops of peacekeepers in the zone of military conflict; resolving issues of actual compensation for victims and relatives of victims; the implementation of international justice against those responsible for unleashing the conflict and war crimes against citizens.

scholarly journals Depth of the relief dissection on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Vladimir Tabunshchik
Keyword(s):  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Flat Terrain ◽  
Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The Crimean Peninsula is a unique natural area that combines both mountain and flat terrain. However, the characteristics of the relief of the Crimean Peninsula in most cases are limited only to a qualitative assessment. In the article, the relief of the Crimean Peninsula is measured and a map of depth of the relief dissection of the Crimean Peninsula is constructed. Methods of constructing such maps using modern methods of geoinformatics and open geodata — digital terrain model Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) are discussed. On the basis of the methodology for the territory of the Crimean Peninsula, a map of depth of the relief dissection is constructed. The values of the indicator of depth of the relief dissection of the Crimean Peninsula range from 0 to 790 m per km2. Average value of the depth of the relief dissection of the Crimean Peninsula is 46 m per km2. Geographically, the indicator of the depth of the relief dissection of the Crimean Peninsula is distributed irregularly. On the territory of the Crimean Peninsula, value the depth of the relief dissection are 50 m per km2 (80 % of the total area) prevail, which is due to the fact that most of the peninsula has a flat terrain. The highest indicator values of the depth of the relief dissection is typical for the southwestern part of the Crimean Peninsula, where there are the greatest differences in elevation between yailas (Ai-Petri yaila, Yalta yaila, Gurzuf yaila, Nikita yaila, Babugan-Yaila) and slopes steeply down to the southern coast of Crimea. In addition, the distribution of the terrain depth index for landscape levels on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula was analyzed: the minimum, maximum, and average values of the of the depth of the relief dissection of the Crimean Peninsula and landscape level of the Crimean Peninsula were determined.

scholarly journals REFLECTIONS OT THE OHRID FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT ON THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF NORTH MACEDONIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flakron Bexheti
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Political System ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
The Political ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
University Level ◽  
The Military

In this study, we will focus on the Ohrid Agreement that derived from a peaceful conference which put an end to the armed conflict in Macedonia in 2001. We will also approach the causes that led to the conflict, the circumstances created that caused this inter-ethnic military clash, the deadlock of the implementation of the Agreement, within the time frame envisaged in that agreement itself, the attitude of the Albanian and Macedonian political parties towards the Ohrid Framework Agreement and the contribution of the international political factor, which provided their contribution to the achievement of this Agreement from the position of facilitators. A lot has been written and said about this agreement, since its endorsement; numerous comprehensive analyzes have been carried out in various scientific conferences, debate-shave been held at university level and many paper-shave been published in different journals and conference proceedings by various different authors, who expressed their thoughts theoretically, scientifically and empirically, based on their arguments which they claimed were objective and real. I believe that the main cause of the non-implementation of this agreement or the prolongation of its implementation for more than e decade, is the result of the lack of a proper scientific analysis of the genesis of the military conflict between the two largest communities in Macedonia, namely between the Macedonian military and police forces and the NLA.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF THE TIME PERSPECTIVE OF STUDENTS YOUTH OF THE SOUTH-EASTERN AREAS OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOCIOECONOMIC CHANGES

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
O. Senyk ◽  
V. Abramov ◽  
M. Hrechkosiy ◽  
V. Bedan ◽  
A. Bunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
The South ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Military

This paper focuses on the time perspective dynamics of the Ukrainian 17–24-year-olds which reside in the south-eastern regions of Ukraine, such as Kharkov, Dnepropetrovsk and Odessa regions, during the period 2012–2015. The study included areas bordering the zone of military conflict, or those that are an area of great national importance and therefore are a strategic area in military operations, which can begin there. All subjects filled out a personal data questionnaire (age, gender, place of residence) and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) in the Ukrainian-language adaptation by A. Senik or the Russian-language adaptation by A. Syrtsova. Thus, the research has covered three periods which differ in social, political and economical stability: before Maidan, during Maidan and the one started with onset of armed conflict in the Eastern regions of the country. The temporal perspective of young people, measured during these periods, may also differ because of changes in the social and material parameters of life. The results have shown that during the aforementioned period future time orientation decreases, whilst the numbers of present fatalistic and past negative time orientations as well as a negative interpretation of past events increase with onset of armed conflict in the Eastern regions of the country. The significance of time orientations does not differ in the period before the Maidan and in the Maidan period, and grow only in the period from the outbreak of the military conflict – simultaneously with significant changes in the social and material parameters of the population life living near the military conflict zone. The results obtained – a decrease in the setting of long-term goals, an increase in fatalism (helplessness) and a negative assessment of the past – may be the result of the young people traumatic experience, through the prism of which past, present and future events of one's own life are evaluated.

scholarly journals Russia's hybrid war and the annexation of Crimea through the eyes of Polish researchers

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Mykola TURANSKIY ◽  
Andriy KHARUK
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Common Mistake ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The article covers annexation of the Crimean peninsula in the framework of the hybrid war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine in the works of Polish researchers. Emphasizes the key role of the information component of the hybrid threat. The methodological basis is the principles of historical knowledge – science, complexity, objectivity, which determine the analysis of scientific publications in connection with socio-political and socio-economic events. On the basis of consideration of the works of domestic and Polish scientists, the peculiarities of the Russian information-psychological operation on the incorporation of the Crimean peninsula were analyzed, attention was paid to the facts of distortion of events and manipulation of the consciousness of society. The author aims to analyze the current and future paradigm of the development of the military-political situation in Ukraine and Europe. Prospects for further research should be aimed at supplementing the knowledge about the totality of factors of various influences of Russia on the countries of the post-Soviet space, as well as on the course of events in the territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, identifying the tendencies of Russian information-psychological expansion and counteracting it in the context of information security. The works of Polish researchers confirm that the tendency of increasing the role of the information resource of the state and its strategic importance in the overall system of defense potential is now clearly visible. In 2014, it was a common mistake of most scientists and experts to believe that only Ukraine is the target of hybrid attacks, however, after five years of hybrid aggression, it becomes clear that the hybrid war "in Russian" there is against the western countries also. The subject of the hybrid Kremlin attacks is European democracies, and Moscow's goal the destruction of within European and Euro-Atlantic unity. Poland plays an important role in supporting the EU's policy of maintaining sanctions on Russia, which is a key instrument to deter further escalation of hybrid actions against Ukraine. There was an urgent need for scientific research of problems relating to information and psychological confrontation, propaganda technologies and counter-propaganda. Given the relevance and practical importance of these issues, further research is advisable to carry out in the direction of development of complex materials on the history of hybrid wars, with a significant emphasis on the consideration of information-psychological operation on the annexation of the Crimea. Keywords hybrid war, russian expansion, information influence, annexation, Crimea, propaganda.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Realization of the International Mechanism for the Protection of the Rights of Victims of Armed Conflict in the East of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (71) ◽  
pp. 334-349
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Kolb ◽  
Malvina Hrushko ◽  
Hanna Teteriatnyk ◽  
Olha Chepik-Trehubenko ◽  
Olha Kotliar
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Territorial Conflicts ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Legal Effect ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
The Military ◽  
Enforcement Activity

The article analyzes the content of international legal acts related to the protection of the rights of victims of military conflicts. At the same time, its results identify the characteristics of its implementation in Ukraine. It has been established that some of these legal sources have not been ratified by Ukraine or otherwise Ukraine has not given them a binding legal effect. Using a documentary-based methodology close to legal and political hermeneutics, this article develops scientifically sound and relevant proposals aimed at improving the legal mechanism to protect the legitimate interests and rights of the victims of the military conflict in Eastern Ukraine. It is concluded that the current legal problems not only negatively affect the state of law enforcement activity in Ukraine, which is directly related to the content of this process, but also does not allow adequate influence on the determinants that give rise to, and cause military and territorial conflicts in Ukraine, a situation that can be extrapolated to other societies near or far.

Charophyta of the Crimean Peninsula

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
G. M. Palamar-Mordvintseva
Keyword(s):  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula
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