scholarly journals Cryptoassets as an emerging class of digital assets in the financial accounting

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Tetiana Yatsyk ◽  
◽  
Viktor Shvets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Market Environment ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Financial Fluctuations ◽  
Digital Assets

Introduction. Currently, there is no single, unified framework for the classification of cryptoassets. Consequently, there is no generally applied definition of neither cryptoassets, nor digital tokens, due to the variety of features and bespoke nature of the transactions in practice. The objective of this paper is to define the essence of cryptoassets in the financial accounting, identify attributes for its taxonomy and provide a multipurpose overview of cryptoassets market environment. Methods. In a comprehensive overview of cryptoassets market environment, the authors have used statistical monitoring, as well as dynamic, comparative and structural analysis. The selected sample includes daily data of cryptoassets market capitalization. Data were gathered from multiple sources at various time points during February 2016 - July 2020. Results. According to the conducted research, the countries with the largest number of registered cryptoassets exchanges are: the UK, Hong Kong, Singapore and the US, however, about 17% of exchanges still stay with unknown countries of registration. It is expected that the number of such exchanges will reduce soon, due to the adoption of certain legislative frameworks regarding cryptoassets. The authors define the essence of such terms as: cryptoassets, cryptocurrency, digital tokens and propose a cryptoassets taxonomy, based on the token’s functionality and characteristics. Four main types of cryptoassets have been identified and defined, namely: cryptocurrency (payment tokens), security tokens, utility tokens, asset-backed tokens and hybrid (or mixed) tokens. The authors suggest possible financial accounting treatment for each type of the cryptoassets. Conclusions. The cryptoassets market capitalization reacted to the factors such as global financial fluctuations due to macroeconomic factors and the COVID-19 pandemic as well as increasing digital asset regulations in early 2020. Cryptoassets remain largely a self-regulated industry and they still have no legal definition. The authors define cryptoassets as transferable digital assets recorded with a distributed ledger technology, which prohibits their copying or duplication. Due to the plethora amount of types of cryptoassets, a case-specific review should be required to determine the corresponding financial accounting treatment. The methodology of cryptoassets accounting treatment require further research.

scholarly journals Relationship between bank competition and stability: the case of the UK

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alau Zhanbolatova ◽  
Sayabek Ziyadin ◽  
Kairat Zhumanov ◽  
Almagul Jumabekova
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
Bank Competition ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bank Soundness

There is no consensus in theoretical and empirical studies about the relationship between bank competition and stability. This research aims to investigate the relationship between bank competition and stability in the UK. The analysis has been done on a large sample of UK banks for the period 2004–2014. There is quite contrasting evidence on the bank competition and bank soundness relationship. A unified framework has been developed to assess how different factors may make it more likely that the data favor one theory over another. The results suggest that in some cases a U-shaped relationship exists between bank competition and stability. Therefore the conclusion is that in order to protect the bank from different risk exposures a moderate level of bank competition is needed.

Context-Based Scene Understanding

2018 ◽  
pp. 754-773
Author(s):  
Esfandiar Zolghadr ◽  
Borko Furht
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
High Order ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Context Model ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Context Models ◽  
Scene Content ◽  
Model Context

Context plays an important role in performance of object detection. There are two popular considerations in building context models for computer vision applications; type of context (semantic, spatial, scale) and scope of the relations (pairwise, high-order). In this paper, a new unified framework is presented that combines multiple sources of context in high-order relations to encode semantical coherence and consistency of the scenes. This framework introduces a new descriptor called context relevance score to model context-based distribution of the response variables and apply it to two distributions. First model incorporates context descriptor along with annotation response into a supervised Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) built on multi-variate Bernoulli distribution called Context-Based LDA (CBLDA). The second model is based on multi-variate Wallenius' non-central Hyper-geometric distribution and is called Wallenius LDA (WLDA). WLDA incorporates context knowledge as bias parameter. Scene context is modeled as a graph and effectively used in object detection framework to maximize semantical consistency of the scene. The graph can also be used in recognition of out-of-context objects. Annotation metadata of Sun397 dataset is used to construct the context model. Performance of the proposed approaches was evaluated on ImageNet dataset. Comparison between proposed approaches and state-of-art multi-class object annotation algorithm shows superiority of presented approach in labeling of scene content.

scholarly journals Areas of agreement in the management of childhood non-infectious chronic anterior uveitis in the UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameenat Lola Solebo ◽  
Jugnoo S Rahi ◽  
Andrew D Dick ◽  
Athimalaipet V Ramanan ◽  
Jane Ashworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level

Background/aimsThere is a paucity of high-level evidence to support the management of childhood uveitis, particularly for those children without juvenile idiopathic arthritis uveitis (JIA). We undertook a modified Delphi consensus exercise to identify agreement in the management of chronic anterior uveitis (CAU), the most common manifestation of childhood disease.MethodsA four-round, two-panel process was undertaken between June and December 2017. Paediatric uveitis specialists identified through multiple sources, including a multicentre network (the Paediatric Ocular Inflammation Group), were invited to participate. They were asked whether they agreed with items derived from existing guidelines on the management of JIA-U when extrapolated to the population of all children with CAU. Consensus was defined as agreement greater than or equal to 75% of respondents.Results26 of the 38 (68%) invited specialists participated with the exercise, and response rates were 100% for rounds one to three, and 92% for round four. Consensus was reached on 23 of the 44 items. Items for which consensus was not reached included management at presentation, use of systemic and periocular steroids for children with severe disease and the role of conventional steroid sparing immunosuppressants beyond methotrexate.ConclusionThe areas of management uncertainty at the level of the group, as indicated by absence of consensus, reflect the areas where the evidence base is particularly poor. Our findings identify the key areas for the future research needed to ensure better outcomes for this blinding childhood ocular inflammatory disorders.

Mitigating climate change in the building sector

Facilities ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 342-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick T.I. Lam ◽  
Edwin H.W. Chan ◽  
Ann T.W. Yu ◽  
Wynn C.N. Cam ◽  
Jack S. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate how unique features of built facilities would affect the application of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trading, and to explore what adaptive measures may be taken for emissions trading to be applied to the built environment. Emissions trading is a financial tool to encourage GHG emissions reduction in various industries. As the building sector is responsible for a large amount of GHG emissions, it is valuable to explore the application of emissions trading in built facilities. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on a comparative study reviewing the current emissions trading schemes (ETSs) in Australia, Japan and the UK covering the building industry, and to evaluate the approaches adopted by the schemes to tackle the problems related to buildings and facilities management. Findings – The research findings reveal that the small energy savings of individual building units, the large variety of energy-saving technologies and the split incentives and diverse interests of building owners and tenants would be the barriers hindering the development of emissions trading. To overcome these barriers, an ETS should allow its participants to group individual energy savings, lower the complexity of monitoring and reporting approaches and allow owners and tenants to benefit from emissions trading. Originality/value – This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current emissions trading practices in the built environment. Besides, it raises the attention and consciousness of policymakers to the need that building characteristics and facilities management should be taken into consideration when designing an ETS for the building sector.

MACROECONOMIC FACTORS, THE APT AND THE UK STOCKMARKET

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Clare ◽  
Stephen H. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Integrating Education for Sustainable Development Competencies in Teacher Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12555
Author(s):  
Kifah Imara ◽  
Fahriye Altinay
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Teacher Competencies ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Key Competencies

The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the publications focused on integrating education for sustainable development (ESD) competencies into teacher education during the last decade, in an endeavour to identify which competencies have been considered in the literature as key competencies for reorienting teacher education towards sustainability as well as explore the suggested assessment tools and approaches to integrate these competencies into teacher education programmes. The results show increased attention during the last decade to develop a set of ESD competencies for teachers, which reveals the absence of a unified framework for teacher competencies for ESD. However, the extent to which these competencies are effectively integrated into teacher education remains an undiscovered area. This paper highlights the progress and gaps in the research related to mainstreaming ESD competencies in teacher education, providing evidence from the literature that can inform policy and strategy improvement in higher education institutions.

scholarly journals The measurement of muccessful management via a net profit maximization model with ten factors and financial accounting disclosure policy- case of vinamilk in F&B industry in Vietnam

Management ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Le Thi Viet Nga ◽  
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan ◽  
Ly Lan Yen ◽  
Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy ◽  
Do Minh Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Disclosure Policy ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Risk Free Rate ◽  
Free Rate

SummaryWhen a firm has better disclosure policy of financial accounting information it will attract more investment. Many factors affecting accounting information disclosure policy include firm size, leverage, industry characteristics, investor types, etc. And good financial accounting data disclosure will help to reduce risk level of firms. At micro level, cost and net sale factors will affect net profit while at macro levels, risk free rate and exchange rate will impact. According to Nikkei Asian Review, Vinamilk (VNM) is the only brand in F&B industry and the domestic industry leader which ranked 25th among 300 listed companies in the List of ASIA300 Power Performers. It leads the organic trend in milk industry and has made very positive contributions to the overall achievements of economic and social values. Good business management requires us to consider the impacts of multi macro and micro factors on net profit, both internal and external factors, and it contributes to promoting business plan and economic policies for economic growth and stabilizing business operation. By data collection method through statistics, analysis, synthesis, comparison, quantitative analysis to generate qualitative comments and discussion; using econometric method to perform regression equation and evaluate quantitative results, the article analyzed and evaluated the impacts of ten (10) macroeconomic factors such as: stock price, VNIndex, risk free rate, lending rate, cost, sale, inflation, GPD growth, S&P500, exchange rate, etc. on net profit of a leading milk listed company, Vinamilk (VNM) in Vietnam in the 10-year period of 2010-2019, both positive and negative sides. From that regression model and analysis, it will draw leadership features, strengths of this industrial leader. The results of quantitative research, in a ten factor model, show that the decrease in GDP growth and risk free rate, inflation and increase in net sale will have a significant effect and increase VNM net profit, with the highest impact coefficient, the second is decreasing cost. This research finding and recommended policy also can be used as reference in policy for F&B system in many developing countries.

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