scholarly journals Multiscale 2D-SPR Biosensing for Cell Chips

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayasu Suzuki ◽  
◽  
Toyohiro Ohshima ◽  
Shintaro Hane ◽  
Yasunori Iribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein A ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Pdms Film ◽  
Sensor Film ◽  
Spr Imaging ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cooled Ccd ◽  
Imaging Sensor

Evaluating cell activity and functions in different-sized cell chambers requires multiscale sensing. We have been developing multiscale biosensing applied from 10 µm to 1 mm. We measured mouse IgG in micro wells using a high-resolution two-dimensional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging affinity sensor. This sensor uses high refractive optics, a 1X to 7X microscopic lens, and a cooled CCD camera. The micro-well array was prepared with a PDMS film on gold sensor film. Protein A immobilized on sensor film was used for IgG recognition. SPR sensitivity was dramatically decreased with 10 and 8.5 µm microwells. To improve sensor sensitivity, we optimized the sensor’s measurement angle and exposure time, enabling mouse IgG to be detected in wells of 1 mm, 30 µm, and 10 µm using the same 2D-SPR imaging sensor and measurement protocol. These results show the feasibility of multiscale biosensing use in antibody production in a micro well or a cell chamber.

Presence of antibody in virus-infected brain cells of SSPE ferrets

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 804-805
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Brown ◽  
Tammy L. Donato ◽  
Halldor Thormar
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Measles virus specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been found in the brains of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a slowly progressing disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in children. IgG/albumin ratios indicate that the antibodies are synthesized within the CNS. Using the ferret as an animal model to study the disease, we have been attempting to localize the Ig's in the brains of animals inoculated with a cell associated strain of SSPE. In an earlier report, preliminary results using Protein A conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (PrAPx) (Dynatech Diagnostics Inc., South Windham, ME.) to detect antibodies revealed the presence of immunoglobulin mainly in antibody-producing plasma cells in inflammatory lesions and not in infected brain cells.In the present experiment we studied the brain of an SSPE ferret with neutralizing antibody titers of 1:1024 in serum and 1:512 in CSF at time of sacrifice 7 months after i.c. inoculation with SSPE measles virus-infected cells. The animal was perfused with saline and portions of the brain and spinal cord were immersed in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (P-L-P) fixative. The ferret was not perfused with fixative because parts of the brain were used for virus isolation.

Five-Dimensional Microscopy using Widefield-Deconvolution: Practical Considerations and Biological Applications

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
W.F. Marshall ◽  
K. Oegema ◽  
J. Nunnari ◽  
A.F. Straight ◽  
D.A. Agard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Excitation Light ◽  
Cooled Ccd

The ability to image cells in three dimensions has brought about a revolution in biological microscopy, enabling many questions to be asked which would be inaccessible without this capability. There are currently two major methods of three dimensional microscopy: laser-scanning confocal microscopy and widefield-deconvolution microscopy. The method of widefield-deconvolution uses a cooled CCD to acquire images from a standard widefield microscope, and then computationally removes out of focus blur. Using such a scheme, it is easy to acquire time-lapse 3D images of living cells without killing them, and to do so for multiple wavelengths (using computer-controlled filter wheels). Thus, it is now not only feasible, but routine, to perform five dimensional microscopy (three spatial dimensions, plus time, plus wavelength).Widefield-deconvolution has several advantages over confocal microscopy. The two main advantages are high speed of acquisition (because there is no scanning, a single optical section is acquired at a time by using a cooled CCD camera) and the use of low excitation light levels Excitation intensity can be much lower than in a confocal microscope for three reasons: 1) longer exposures can be taken since the entire 512x512 image plane is acquired in parallel, so that dwell time is not an issue, 2) the higher quantum efficiently of a CCD detect over those typically used in confocal microscopy (although this is expected to change due to advances in confocal detector technology), and 3) because no pinhole is used to reject light, a much larger fraction of the emitted light is collected. Thus we can typically acquire images with thousands of photons per pixel using a mercury lamp, instead of a laser, for illumination. The use of low excitation light is critical for living samples, and also reduces bleaching. The high speed of widefield microscopy is also essential for time-lapse 3D microscopy, since one must acquire images quickly enough to resolve interesting events.

Involvement of spot 35 protein, a cerebellar protein, in modulation of Purkinje cell activity of the rat cerebellum

1985 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji Maruyama ◽  
Ge Zhang ◽  
Yoshimatsu Tamura ◽  
Tohru Yamakuni ◽  
Yasuo Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Purkinje Cell ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Rat Cerebellum

Gamma-ray imaging with an image intensifier and a cooled CCD camera

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Saitoh ◽  
Kenro Kuroki ◽  
Kenji Kurosawa ◽  
Norimitsu Akiba
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Image Intensifier ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Gamma Ray Imaging ◽  
Cooled Ccd

Decoding Neural Spike Trains: Calculating the Probability That a Spike Train and an External Signal Are Related

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1659-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence D. Sanger
Keyword(s):  
Spike Train ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
External Signal ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Neural Firing ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Correlation Methods ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Recursive Calculation

Experimental and clinical applications of extracellular recordings of spiking cell activity frequently are used to relate the activity of a cell to externally measurable signals such as surface potentials, sensory stimuli, or movement measurements. When the external signal is time-varying, correlation methods have traditionally been used to quantify the degree of relation with the neural firing. However, in some circumstances correlation methods can give misleading results. A new algorithm is described that estimates the extent to which a spike train is related to a continuous time-varying signal. The technique calculates the probability of generating a spike train with Poisson statistics if the time-varying signal determines the Poisson rate. This is accomplished by successive division of the signal and the spike train into halves and recursive calculation of the probability of each half-signal. The performance of the new algorithm is compared with the performance of correlation methods on simulated data.

Miniature Spatial Heterodyne Raman Spectrometer with a Cell Phone Camera Detector

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 988-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. Barnett ◽  
S. Michael Angel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phone ◽  
Diffraction Gratings ◽  
Standard Cell ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Raman Spectrometer ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cooled Ccd ◽  
Ccd Detectors ◽  
Quality Imaging

A spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer (SHRS) with millimeter-sized optics has been coupled with a standard cell phone camera as a detector for Raman measurements. The SHRS is a dispersive-based interferometer with no moving parts and the design is amenable to miniaturization while maintaining high resolution and large spectral range. In this paper, a SHRS with 2.5 mm diffraction gratings has been developed with 17.5 cm−1 theoretical spectral resolution. The footprint of the SHRS is orders of magnitude smaller than the footprint of charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors typically employed in Raman spectrometers, thus smaller detectors are being explored to shrink the entire spectrometer package. This paper describes the performance of a SHRS with 2.5 mm wide diffraction gratings and a cell phone camera detector, using only the cell phone’s built-in optics to couple the output of the SHRS to the sensor. Raman spectra of a variety of samples measured with the cell phone are compared to measurements made using the same miniature SHRS with high-quality imaging optics and a high-quality, scientific-grade, thermoelectrically cooled CCD.

Recent Development of Cone-Beam X-Ray Microtomography at Sunyab

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1125-1126
Author(s):  
S.J. Pan ◽  
A. Shih ◽  
W.S. Liou ◽  
M.S. Park ◽  
G. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooled Ccd

An experimental X-ray cone-beam microtomographic imaging system utilizing a generalized Feldkamp reconstruction algorithm has been developed in our laboratory. This microtomographic imaging system consists of a conventional dental X-ray source (Aztech 65, Boulder, CO), a sample position and rotation stage, an X-ray scintillation phosphor screen, and a high resolution slow scan cooled CCD camera (Kodak KAF 1400). A generalized Feldkamp cone-beam algorithm was used to perform tomographic reconstruction from cone-beam projection data. This algorithm was developed for various hardware configuration to perform reconstruction of spherical, rod-shaped and plate-like specimen.A test sample consists of 8 glass beads (approx. 800μm in diameter) dispersed in an epoxy-filled #0 gelatin capsule. One hundred X-ray projection images were captured equal angularly (at 3.6 degree spacing) by the cooled CCD camera at a of 1317×967 (17×17mm2) pixels with 12-bit dynamic range. Figure 1 shows a 3D isosurface rendering of the test sample. The eight glass beads and trapped air bubbles (arrows) in the epoxy resin (e) are clearly visible.

Multi-Mode Light Microscopy of Microtubule and Endoplasmic Reticulum Dynamics in Migrating Newt Epithelial Cells.

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 211-212
Author(s):  
C. M. Waterman-Storer ◽  
E. D. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Diaphragm Position ◽  
Multiple Band ◽  
Fluorescence Light ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Cooled Ccd ◽  
System 1 ◽  
Multi Mode

We have developed a multi-mode digital imaging system (1-3) which acquires images with a 12 bit cooled CCD camera. A multiple band pass dichromatic mirror and robotically controlled excitation filter wheels provide rapid wavelength selection for epi-fluorescence with DAPI, fluorescein or GFP and X-rhodamine fluorophores while maintaining image registration on the cooled CCD detector. Shutters select illumination either by epi-fluorescence or by transmitted light for phase contrast or DIC. A robotically controlled emission filter wheel in front of the CCD camera inserts an analyzer in the light path for DIC imaging. To maximize fluorescence light intensity, the analyzer is removed and an optical flat of equivalent optical thickness is inserted for fluorescence imaging. A slider is inserted at the field diaphragm position of the fluorescence epi-illuminator to provide in-focus slit and spot targets for 360 nm photoactivation of “caged” fluorophores. The microscope system is robotically controlled and image acquisition and analysis is performed using MetaMorph™ digital imaging software.

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