3D Manipulation of Lipid Nanotubes with Functional Gel Microbeads

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumihito Arai ◽  
◽  
Toshiaki Endo ◽  
Ryuji Yamauchi ◽  
Toshio Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Optical Trap ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Laser Tweezers ◽  
3D Space ◽  
3D Manipulation ◽  
Lipid Nanotubes ◽  
Lipid Nanotube

We developed a novel technique for manipulating lipid nanotubes in 3D space by using laser tweezers in water solutions. Laser tweezers are well known for their use in noncontact manipulation in a closed space. We reported on 3D 6DOF manipulation of microbeads using 3D synchronized laser micromanipulation (SLM), but blur is generated in the microscope image when multiple points at different heights are trapped by scanning the focal point of the laser. It is difficult to manipulate a nanoscale rod-like object stably in 3D space, since the optical trap force is weak. To manipulate a lipid nanotube, for example, we developed an observation system to less image blur by synchronizing the shutter timing of the CCD camera and laser scanning. We thus obtained a clear image of targets at different heights while manipulating them. We then developed functional gel microtools that adhere to lipid nanotubes and succeeded in controlling the position and orientation of lipid nanotubes by using 3D SLM with shutter timing control and novel functional gel microtools.

Five-Dimensional Microscopy using Widefield-Deconvolution: Practical Considerations and Biological Applications

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
W.F. Marshall ◽  
K. Oegema ◽  
J. Nunnari ◽  
A.F. Straight ◽  
D.A. Agard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Excitation Light ◽  
Cooled Ccd

The ability to image cells in three dimensions has brought about a revolution in biological microscopy, enabling many questions to be asked which would be inaccessible without this capability. There are currently two major methods of three dimensional microscopy: laser-scanning confocal microscopy and widefield-deconvolution microscopy. The method of widefield-deconvolution uses a cooled CCD to acquire images from a standard widefield microscope, and then computationally removes out of focus blur. Using such a scheme, it is easy to acquire time-lapse 3D images of living cells without killing them, and to do so for multiple wavelengths (using computer-controlled filter wheels). Thus, it is now not only feasible, but routine, to perform five dimensional microscopy (three spatial dimensions, plus time, plus wavelength).Widefield-deconvolution has several advantages over confocal microscopy. The two main advantages are high speed of acquisition (because there is no scanning, a single optical section is acquired at a time by using a cooled CCD camera) and the use of low excitation light levels Excitation intensity can be much lower than in a confocal microscope for three reasons: 1) longer exposures can be taken since the entire 512x512 image plane is acquired in parallel, so that dwell time is not an issue, 2) the higher quantum efficiently of a CCD detect over those typically used in confocal microscopy (although this is expected to change due to advances in confocal detector technology), and 3) because no pinhole is used to reject light, a much larger fraction of the emitted light is collected. Thus we can typically acquire images with thousands of photons per pixel using a mercury lamp, instead of a laser, for illumination. The use of low excitation light is critical for living samples, and also reduces bleaching. The high speed of widefield microscopy is also essential for time-lapse 3D microscopy, since one must acquire images quickly enough to resolve interesting events.

A confocal laser scanning microscope for fluorescence and reflection at video rates

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
P.M. Houpt ◽  
A. Draaijer
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Point Light Source ◽  
Volume Of Interest ◽  
Ion Laser ◽  
Point Light ◽  
Point Detector

In confocal microscopy, the object is scanned by the coinciding focal points (confocal) of a point light source and a point detector both focused on a certain plane in the object. Only light coming from the focal point is detected and, even more important, out-of-focus light is rejected.This makes it possible to slice up optically the ‘volume of interest’ in the object by moving it axially while scanning the focused point light source (X-Y) laterally. The successive confocal sections can be stored in a computer and used to reconstruct the object in a 3D image display.The instrument described is able to scan the object laterally with an Ar ion laser (488 nm) at video rates. The image of one confocal section of an object can be displayed within 40 milliseconds (1000 х 1000 pixels). The time to record the total information within the ‘volume of interest’ normally depends on the number of slices needed to cover it, but rarely exceeds a few seconds.

Innovative digital inspection methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Stephen A Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Twin Models ◽  
Quality Programs ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Digital Record

The paper describes an innovative digital inspection methodology that combines 3D laser scanning, metrology and advanced non-destructive testing data that is merged in 3D space to provide a digital record of the condition and mechanical integrity of critical assets. This advanced inspection method supports condition-based maintenance programs and digital twin models to determine future equipment condition, work scope and inspection schedules, while maintaining a digital record throughout the equipment lifecycle. Testing of the methodology includes 3D scanning of drill platforms, baseline scanning of blowout preventers and sheaves, for quality purposes, and the use of augmented reality for viewing scans. Phased array testing has been conducted on sub-components such as slew ring bolting. Data are combined into digital reports that show 3D images of the equipment with precise dimensional data and identified inspection areas. Such reports can be combined with digital twin models to confirm integrity of the equipment for certificate of conformance and baseline data for future integrity comparisons as equipment ages. This innovative inspection methodology will set a new standard for how equipment data are captured, stored and represented. The process provides a range of benefits for OEMs, drilling contractors and operators alike, including digital quality programs to baseline new equipment condition and compare with design parameters, delivering condition and integrity assessments of critical equipment items in-situ or on deck, providing a consistent methodology for inspection and dimensional control of operational equipment items, and providing precise equipment data that can complement digital twin and real time monitoring programs.

Design and Prototyping of a Fuel Cell Controlling Equipment for Small Hybrid Driving Airship System

2014 ◽  
Vol 933 ◽  
pp. 444-449
Author(s):  
Toshiro Kobayashi ◽  
Masahiro Fukushima ◽  
Hideyuki Kanematsu ◽  
Yuichi Utsumi ◽  
Yoshiaki Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Inlet Valve ◽  
Electromagnetic Valve ◽  
Helium Gas ◽  
Outlet Valve

In the present study, an airship for the fixed point observation of nara withering in village forests was designed and trial manufactured. The airship consists of a helium gas filling envelope of 4.5m in total length, propeller-driven motors, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) in order to achieve longer flight, Ni-H batteries, a CCD camera observation system, and propeller control systems. Automatic charging device was designed to charge the Ni-H battery from the PEFC in the sky automatically. It controlls the power system by using a micro computer in a mannar where the electromagnetic valve supplying hydrogen is open to recover the output voltage of the PEFC when the voltage of Ni-H battery decreased to a certain level, resulting in energy charging to the Ni-H battery and keeping the rotation of the moter. The opened electromagnetic valve is closed when the Ni-H battery full charged. Furthermore, after a certain hours operation when the output voltahge of the PEFC drops due to accumulation of impurities in hydrogen gas, the outlet valve will be opened to exhaust hydrogen containing accumulated impurities. It has been verified that as soon as the Ni-H battery voltage doropped to less than 3.8 [, the hydrogen inlet valve opened then the output of the power source increased suddnly to around 7 [.

METHODOLOGY DEVISING FOR BUCKET-WHEEL EXCAVATOR SURVEYING BY LASER SCANNING METHOD TO DETERMINE ITS MAIN GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Vrublová ◽  
Roman Kapica ◽  
Josef Jurman
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Coal Field ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Movement Dynamics ◽  
Lignite Coal

The application of laser scanning techniques to bucket-wheel excavator surveying seeks primarily to determine the machines’ key geometric parameters and to establish realistic mathematical descriptions of their movement dynamics in 3D space. The data will be used to visualize excavator movement and to control the coal extraction process in real time. The measurements take place at Doly Nástup Opencast Coal Mine, Tušimice, North-Bohemian Lignite Coal Field, Czech Republic. GNSS technology and inclinometric measurements are used to calculate 3D positions of the bucket-wheel excavators. The data is transferred to the research team workplace and stored in a database. KVAS software is used to visualise the bucket-wheel excavators and their 3D movements in real time.

CAMERA-BASED GESTURE TRACKING FOR 3D INTERACTION BEHIND MOBILE DEVICES

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (08) ◽  
pp. 1260008
Author(s):  
SHAHROUZ YOUSEFI ◽  
FARID ABEDAN KONDORI ◽  
HAIBO LI
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Large Set ◽  
3D Interaction ◽  
Large Displays ◽  
Tablet Pcs ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
3D Manipulation ◽  
Gestural Interaction ◽  
Gesture Tracking

Number of mobile devices such as Smartphones or Tablet PCs has been dramatically increased over the recent years. New mobile devices are equipped with integrated cameras and large displays that make the interaction with the device easier and more efficient. Although most of the previous works on interaction between humans and mobile devices are based on 2D touch-screen displays, camera-based interaction opens a new way to manipulate in 3D space behind the device in the camera's field of view. In this paper, our gestural interaction relies on particular patterns from local orientation of the image called rotational symmetries. This approach is based on finding the most suitable pattern from a large set of rotational symmetries of different orders that ensures a reliable detector for fingertips and user's gesture. Consequently, gesture detection and tracking can be used as an efficient tool for 3D manipulation in various virtual/augmented reality applications.

Laser tweezer microrheology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Furst ◽  
Todd M. Squires
Keyword(s):  
Rest Mass ◽  
Optical Trap ◽  
Operating Regime ◽  
Colloidal Dispersions ◽  
Optical Traps ◽  
Laser Tweezers ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Laser Tweezer ◽  
Trapping Forces

To many, the idea that light can be used to hold and manipulate matter is probably quite foreign. The photon is a seemingly evanescent particle; its interactions with matter are weak. But while it has no rest mass, a photon carries momentum. Optical traps have become important tools used to measure forces on nanometer to micrometer length scale. Laser tweezers can be used to drive (or hold) microrheological probes. Optical trapping forces are reviewed and optical trap designs discussed, incluing the use of fixed and moving reference frame optical traps. Proper calibration of optical traps especially in the material under test is discussed. Linear and non-linear measurements using laser tweezers are presented, including shear thinning of colloidal dispersions when probes are translated through a suspension. The operating regime of laser tweezer microrheology is presented.

A New Ellipse Recognition Algorithm for CCD Camera

2005 ◽  
Vol 295-296 ◽  
pp. 729-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Ku Sun ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
S. Ye
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Camera Calibration ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
Calibration Error ◽  
3D Space ◽  
2D Pattern ◽  
Space Coordinate ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Computer Vision Applications

A novel 2D pattern used in camera calibration is presented. An array of circles with one feature circle located at the center is photo echoed on the pattern. According to the category of the pattern, an ellipse recognition algorithm is proposed. It facilitates acquisition of the distinguished points without human operation. The 3D space coordinate system of these points can be established automatically and accurately. A series of experiments show that the algorithm is robust and reliable. The calibration error is less than 0.4 pixels. The new ellipse recognition algorithm can be widely used for computer vision applications.

Simulation-aided time-reversal analysis for defect reconstruction in anisotropic materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 669-675
Author(s):  
H Mizota ◽  
Y Nagashima ◽  
Y Amano ◽  
K Nakahata
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Time Reversal ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Acoustic Resonance ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Defect Reconstruction ◽  
Ultrasonic Time

A simulation-aided defect reconstruction method using an ultrasonic time-reversal approach that uses elastic constants determined by ultrasonic field data is proposed. Scattered waves from a defect are recorded using an array probe on a polystyrene wedge and the time-reversed waves are re-emitted in a finite element simulation. The target defect in these experiments is an electrical discharge machined slit in unidirectionally solidified SUS316L stainless steel. For the time-reversal analysis, two kinds of elastic constant of SUS316L derived from an electromagnetic acoustic resonance (EMAR) method and a laser scanning ultrasonic visualisation method are used. The through-wall extent of the electrical discharge machined slit can be visually estimated from the focal point of the ultrasonic wave in the numerical model using the elastic constants determined by the laser ultrasonic method. This provides a proof of principle that the method is working.

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