Rotational Speed Control by Optical PWM Operation for Single Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-826
Author(s):  
Makoto Yoshida ◽  
◽  
Ichirou Ishimaru ◽  
Katsumi Ishizaki ◽  
Toshiki Yasokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Absorption ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Optical Pulse ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Light Pressure ◽  
Illumination Time ◽  
Proximal Points ◽  
Rotational Speed Control

To rotating single cells, we harness light pressure generated by light absorption as a rotating torque, illuminating the two proximal points from different directions using two beams. Rotational speed is controlled by optical pulse width modulation (PWM) that controls the amount of light received per unit of time by controlling the time of illumination. To change the illumination time, the pencil of rays is scanned by a galvanometric mirror.

Effect for a Paddy Weeding Robot in Wet Rice Culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Sori ◽  
Hiroyuki Inoue ◽  
Hiroyuki Hatta ◽  
Yasuhiro Ando ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Rice Seedling ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Rice Culture

In recent years, wet rice farming that does not use chemical herbicides has come in demand owing to the diversified consumer needs, preference for pesticide-free produce, and need to reduce the environmental load. In this paper, we propose a “weeding robot” that can navigate autonomously while weeding a paddy field. The weeding robot removes the weeds by churning up the soil and inhibits the growth of the weeds by blocking-off sunlight. It has two wheels, whose rotational speed is controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM) signals. Moreover, it has capacitive touch sensors to detect the rice plants and an azimuth sensor used when turning. To demonstrate its effect in wet rice culture, we conduct a navigation experiment using the proposed weeding robot in two types of paddy field: conventional and sparse planting. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed weeding robot is effective in its herbicidal effect, promoting the rice seedling growth and increasing the crop yield.

scholarly journals Rotational Torque Control of Proximal Two-beam Optical Tweezers by Optical Pulse Width Modulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1531-1536
Author(s):  
Hiroaki KOBAYASHI ◽  
Ichirou ISHIMARU ◽  
Katsumi ISHIZAKI ◽  
Makoto YOSHIDA ◽  
Toshiki YASOKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Optical Tweezers ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Optical Pulse ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Torque Control

The 1-Bit Instrument

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-74
Author(s):  
Blake Troise
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Interleaving Techniques ◽  
Sonic Environment

The 1-bit sonic environment (perhaps most famously musically employed on the ZX Spectrum) is defined by extreme limitation. Yet, belying these restrictions, there is a surprisingly expressive instrumental versatility. This article explores the theory behind the primary, idiosyncratically 1-bit techniques available to the composer-programmer, those that are essential when designing “instruments” in 1-bit environments. These techniques include pulse width modulation for timbral manipulation and means of generating virtual polyphony in software, such as the pin pulse and pulse interleaving techniques. These methodologies are considered in respect to their compositional implications and instrumental applications.

An Equivalent Circuit Model for Vertical Comb Drive MEMS Optical Scanner Controlled by Pulse Width Modulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Maruyama ◽  
Muneki Nakada ◽  
Makoto Mita ◽  
Takuya Takahashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Circuit Model ◽  
Comb Drive ◽  
Optical Scanner
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