scholarly journals Thermal Tactile Presentation Based on Prediction of Contact Temperature

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Yamamoto ◽  
◽  
Hiroaki Yamamoto ◽  
Benjamin Cros ◽  
Hironori Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Tactile Display ◽  
Contact Temperature ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Material Recognition ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Rapid Temperature ◽  
The Moment

The thermal sensation corresponding to the touching of an object is one of the most important factors in material recognition. In virtual reality or tele-operation systems, thermal display functions should be embedded in order to obtain satisfactory realism. Since our skin sensors are sensitive to rapid changes in temperature, thermal sensations are thought to arise mainly from the rapid temperature decrease that occurs at the moment of contact between our fingers and an object. Based on this consideration, the present paper proposes a new control method for thermal tactile display to simulate the temperature decrease at the moment of contact. The proposed method controls a thermal tactile display based on the prediction of contact temperature, so that the correct temperature decrease can be produced at the fingertip surface. In addition, we herein report an additional method by which to optimize the thermal rendering for individual subjects. In the optimization, the thermal property of each subject is estimated immediately prior to thermal presentation. The experimental results reveal that the tendency of material discrimination for the thermal tactile display is similar to that for real objects, indicating the validity of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Sudden Collapse of Vacuoles in Saintpaulia sp. Palisade Cells Induced by a Rapid Temperature Decrease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e57259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriaki Kadohama ◽  
Tatsuaki Goh ◽  
Miwa Ohnishi ◽  
Hidehiro Fukaki ◽  
Tetsuro Mimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Rapid Temperature ◽  
Palisade Cells ◽  
Sudden Collapse

scholarly journals Polar Stratospheric Cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modelled by ATLAS

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 22141-22182
Author(s):  
H. Nakajima ◽  
I. Wohltmann ◽  
T. Wegner ◽  
M. Takeda ◽  
M. C. Pitts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Frost Point ◽  
Rapid Temperature ◽  
Cloud Evolution ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds

Abstract. We examined observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by CALIPSO and of HCl, ClO and HNO3 by MLS along air mass trajectories to investigate the dependence of the inferred PSC composition on the temperature history of the air parcels, and the dependence of the level of chlorine activation on PSC composition. Several case studies based on individual trajectories from the Arctic winter 2009/10 were conducted, with the trajectories chosen such that the first processing of the air mass by PSCs in this winter occurred on the trajectory. Transitions of PSC composition classes were observed to be highly dependent on the temperature history. In cases of a gradual temperature decrease, nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and super-cooled ternary solution (STS) mixture clouds were observed. In cases of rapid temperature decrease, STS clouds were first observed, followed by NAT/STS mixture clouds. When temperatures dropped below the frost point, ice clouds formed, and then transformed into NAT/STS mixture clouds when temperature increased above the frost point. The threshold temperature for rapid chlorine activation on PSCs is approximately 4 K below the NAT existence temperature, TNAT. Furthermore, simulations of the ATLAS chemistry and transport box model along the trajectories were used to corroborate the measurements and show good agreement with the observations. Rapid chlorine activation was observed when an airmass encountered PSCs. The observed and modelled dependence of the rate of chlorine activation on the PSC composition class was small. Usually, chlorine activation was limited by the amount of available ClONO2. Where ClONO2 was not the limiting factor, a large dependence on temperature was evident.

Tactile Display for a Surface Texture Sensation

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Ikei ◽  
Shuichi Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Tactile Display ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Texture Element ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Tactile Displays ◽  
Real Objects

Abstract The authors have developed tactile displays which have vibrating pins to convey the surface texture sensation of object surfaces to the user’s fingertip. The tactile sensation intensity scaling was performed to obtain a sensation scale of the display by means of the JND (just noticeable difference) method. One dimensional curves on the scale were displayed to investigate the human sensitivity to an intensity change rate. A tactile texture presentation method based on the image of an object surface is introduced. Two kinds of experiment were performed to discuss the feature of the method. Texture discrimination is the first one, in which the effect of texture element size to the correct separation was discussed. Then the sensations produced by the display and those by real objects were compared regarding several samples that had a major feature of vertical lines and of not containing low frequencies. The results are summarized, which is followed by the future research work.

scholarly journals Development of a Pull Production Control Method for ETO Companies and Simulation for the Metallurgical Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Gejo García ◽  
Sergio Gallego-García ◽  
Manuel García-García
Keyword(s):  
Production Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Engineer To Order ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control

At the moment, many engineer-to-order manufacturers are under pressure, the overcapacity in many sectors erodes prices and many companies, especially in Europe have gone into recent years in bankruptcy. Due to the increasing competition as well as the new customer requirements, the internal processes of an ETO company play an essential role in order to achieve a unique selling proposition (USP). Therefore this paper exposes how the production planning and control of an engineer-to-order manufacturer can be designed in order to increase its OTD (order-to-delivery) rate as well as decrease the WIP (work-in-progress) and the production lead times. To prove the optimized planning logic, it was applied in a simulation case study and based on the results; the conclusions about its potential are derived.

Presentation of Rapid Temperature Change Using Spatially Divided Hot and Cold Stimuli

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunari Sato ◽  
◽  
Takashi Maeno
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Change ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Spatial Summation ◽  
Single Stimulus ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Thermal Perception ◽  
Rapid Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sense ◽  
Thermal Stimuli

We propose a thermal display that presents a rapid temperature change using spatially divided hot and cold stimuli. The display exploits two characteristics of human thermal perception: spatial summation and the adapting temperature. Experimental results confirmed that users perceived separate individual thermal stimuli as a single stimulus because of spatial summation. Our thermal display successfully made the skin simultaneously more sensitive to both hot and cold stimuli by using spatially divided hot and cold stimuli, each of which separately adjusts the adapting temperature so that it enables users to perceive thermal sensation rapidly. The thermal display that we fabricated enabled users to perceive a different temperature sense by changing the temperature of hot and cold stimuli.

Study on Natural Non-Circulating Current Work Mode of AC-AC Converter Based on Two-Variable Control Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 438-442
Author(s):  
Gao Ming Feng ◽  
Xing Guo Tan ◽  
Qing Nan Du
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Trigger Pulse ◽  
Circulating Current ◽  
Variable Control ◽  
Frequency Transducer ◽  
The Moment

Three work modes of general AC-AC frequency transducer are compared. And the disadvantages of two work modes are pointed. In order to overcome these disadvantages, on the basis of two-variable control theory, the natural non circulating current work mode is brought forward and analyzed. Two controlled variables trigger angle α and pulse width b, need control in this mode. How to assign the moment of trigger and how to assign trigger pulse width are the key problems. And then these problems are discussed. The principle of this mode is analyzed in a third of all frequency value as an example. The essence and excellence of natural non circulating current work mode and the feasibility are pointed out.

scholarly journals Polar stratospheric cloud evolution and chlorine activation measured by CALIPSO and MLS, and modeled by ATLAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 3311-3325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Nakajima ◽  
Ingo Wohltmann ◽  
Tobias Wegner ◽  
Masanori Takeda ◽  
Michael C. Pitts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Frost Point ◽  
Rapid Temperature ◽  
Cloud Evolution ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds

Abstract. We examined observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) by CALIPSO, and of HCl and ClO by MLS along air mass trajectories, to investigate the dependence of the inferred PSC composition on the temperature history of the air parcels and the dependence of the level of chlorine activation on PSC composition. Several case studies based on individual trajectories from the Arctic winter 2009/2010 were conducted, with the trajectories chosen such that the first processing of the air mass by PSCs in this winter occurred on the trajectory. Transitions of PSC composition classes were observed to be highly dependent on the temperature history. In cases of a gradual temperature decrease, nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and super-cooled ternary solution (STS) mixture clouds were observed. In cases of rapid temperature decrease, STS clouds were first observed, followed by NAT/STS mixture clouds. When temperatures dropped below the frost point, ice clouds formed and then transformed into NAT/STS mixture clouds when temperature increased above the frost point. The threshold temperature for rapid chlorine activation on PSCs is approximately 4 K below the NAT existence temperature, TNAT. Furthermore, simulations of the ATLAS chemistry and transport box model along the trajectories were used to corroborate the measurements and show good agreement with the observations. Rapid chlorine activation was observed when an air mass encountered PSCs. Usually, chlorine activation was limited by the amount of available ClONO2. Where ClONO2 was not the limiting factor, a large dependence on temperature was evident.

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