scholarly journals A Discussion on the Nation’s Command and Coordination Regarding Emergency Fire Response Teams

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 978-990
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Murota ◽  
Fumio Takeda ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nankai Trough ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Fire Response ◽  
Service Support ◽  
The Government ◽  
Logistic Support ◽  
National Emergency ◽  
Management Council

Emergency Fire Response Teams (EFRTs) are units dispatched from all over Japan on the request or instruction of the Commissioner of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency. These are used as fire service support for large-scale disasters that cannot be handled solely by the firefighting capacity of the disaster-stricken area. For the EFRTs to respond rapidly and accurately to changing situations in the event of national emergencies, such as massive or extremely special types of disasters, it is important to logistically coordinate their dispatch, advancement/transfer, onsite activities, and logistic support from a nationwide perspective, which in turn requires that the national government’s command and coordination functions be strengthened. In this paper, we first review the issues of the EFRTs that became apparent through the Great East Japan Earthquake, the undertakings that followed, and the discussion conducted at the Fire and Disaster Management Council surrounding the direction to be taken with regard to wide-area command and coordination. We then review the government plans related to fire service support activities, including EFRT dispatch, premised on the Nankai Trough Earthquake and nuclear emergencies as examples of national emergency disasters. Finally, we point out the need to strengthen the national government’s command and coordination functions over the EFRTs, to allow them to respond rapidly and accurately according to government plans in the event of a national emergency disaster. We likewise discuss the institutional measures necessary to achieve this end.

A Study on a Disaster Relief System for Large-Scale Earthquake Using Pleasure Boats in Tokyo Bay

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Egami ◽  
Takeo Kondo ◽  
Kazukiyo Yamamoto ◽  
Takatomo Oshima ◽  
Tatsuya Kakoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Rescue System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Relief System ◽  
Management Council

The Central Disaster Management Council of the Cabinet Office predicts that an earthquake of magnitude 7 will occur in Metropolitan Tokyo and the Tokai area within 30 years. In preparation for such large-scale earthquakes, the government is considering various measures. In this study, we focus on the ‘Umi no eki (Sea Station)’ system developed by the Maritime Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and propose a manual for ‘relief goods transportation’ and ‘stranded-commuter transportation’ using pleasure boats. Since it is important to determine whether pleasure boat owners are willing to voluntarily participate in relief activities at the Umi no eki, we also conducted a survey among pleasure boat owners concerning their awareness of disaster management. As a result, we found that pleasure boat owners are highly willing to participate. This study clarified the restrictions on volunteer activities carried out by pleasure boat owners, and a disaster management manual for pleasure boats was prepared with the objective of constructing a rescue system using pleasure boats in Tokyo Bay.

Considerations on Relationship Between Central and Local Governments During Huge Disasters – Necessity and Application of Special Rules on Evacuation Measures and Relief –

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-519
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Murota ◽  
Fumio Takeda ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Nankai Trough ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Application Procedure ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
National Emergency ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the Central and local governments during an emergency has been primarily discussed at the Diet, in connection with the Constitution’s amendment, including the emergency provisions. However, opinions from the various fields are divided and discussions are typically based on whether an emergency state should be tackled principally by the Central Government or municipalities. The increasing risk of a super wide-area disaster (huge disaster) that can be expressed as national emergency state, such as the Great Nankai Trough Earthquake and large-scale flood, makes it imperative for advancing the previously mentioned discussions. It should be examined whether a state of emergency state could be managed appropriately within the administrative framework of the municipalities based on the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act. In addition, necessary measures should be adopted within the purview of the existing laws apart from the discussions on the amendment of the Constitution. In this case, detailed discussions are needed on, for example, what kind of special rules should be established regarding the relationship between the Central and local governments. In this paper, the Great Nankai Trough Earthquake, large-scale flood in metropolitan areas, nuclear disaster, and complex disaster along with natural disaster are considered; the plans created by the Central Government in terms of the disaster prevention measures for such disasters are examined; and the items requiring special rules on the relationship between the Central and local governments are extracted from the disaster emergency measures. Furthermore, the per item application procedure of these special rules is also determined.

Special Issue on SATREPS Myanmar Project: Construction of Myanmar Disaster Response Enhancement System and Industry-Academia-Government Cooperation Platform

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiro Meguro ◽  
Gokon Hideomi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Response Enhancement ◽  
The Government

This special issue summarizes the main results of the first half of the five-year SATREPS project in Myanmar. SATREPS stands for “Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development” and it is supported by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). The title of our project is “Construction of Myanmar Disaster Response Enhancement System and Industry-Academia-Government Cooperation Platform.” Ours is the first SATREPS project in Myanmar and Yangon Technological University (YTU) is our main counterpart institute and relevant organizations mainly national and local governments are collaborating as strategic partners. In Myanmar, rural and urban development has been progressing rapidly and on a large scale, and the expansion of urban population coupled with climate change has increased the risk of disaster to a critical level, especially in Yangon, Myanmar’s largest city. By monitoring changes in the urban environment, such as the topography, ground, buildings, and infrastructure, we seek to lower the level of risk. Our project will improve the disaster management system, plan and response capability, based on an evaluation of disaster vulnerabilities. Considering floods including tidal wave problems and earthquakes as the target hazards, we aim to contribute to the development of precise regional development plans and disaster management measures by identifying disaster risks in advance, and we will support the Myanmar government in strengthening its disaster response capabilities. We plan to set up a system by which industry, academia, and the government collaborate to promote the understanding of research content, to continue research activities, and to implement research results in Myanmar. We hope that our activities in the SATREPS project will become an ideal model for solving issues in urban development and disaster management, and that the project will also contribute the other Asian countries.

Land Use Change and Commodity Frontiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Cáceres ◽  
Esteban Tapella ◽  
Diego A. Cabrol ◽  
Lucrecia Estigarribia
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Management Recommendations

Argentina is experiencing an expansion of soya and maize cultivation that is pushing the agricultural frontier over areas formerly occupied by native Chaco forest. Subsistance farmers use this dry forest to raise goats and cattle and to obtain a broad range of goods and services. Thus, two very different and non-compatible land uses are in dispute. On the one hand subsistance farmers fostering an extensive and diversified forest use, on the other hand, large-scale producers who need to clear out the forest to sow annual crops in order to appropriate soil fertility. First, the paper looks at how these social actors perceive Chaco forest, what their interests are, and what kind of values they attach to it. Second, we analyze the social-environmental conflicts that arise among actors in order to appropriate forest’s benefits. Special attention is paid to the role played by the government in relation to: (a) how does it respond to the demands of the different sectors; and (b) how it deals with the management recommendations produced by scientists carrying out social and ecological research. To put these ideas at test we focus on a case study located in Western Córdoba (Argentina), where industrial agriculture is expanding at a fast pace, and where social actors’ interests are generating a series of disputes and conflicts. Drawing upon field work, the paper shows how power alliances between economic and political powers, use the institutional framework of the State in their own benefit, disregarding wider environmental and social costs. 

Financial and Economic Support of Innovation Processes in the Russian Fuel and Energy Complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
L. D. Kapranova ◽  
T. V. Pogodina
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
The Government

The subject of the research is the current state of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) that ensures generation of a significant part of the budget and the innovative development of the economy.The purpose of the research was to establish priority directions for the development of the FEC sectors based on a comprehensive analysis of their innovative and investment activities. The dynamics of investment in the fuel and energy sector are considered. It is noted that large-scale modernization of the fuel and energy complex requires substantial investment and support from the government. The results of the government programs of corporate innovative development are analyzed. The results of the research identified innovative development priorities in the power, oil, gas and coal sectors of the fuel and energy complex. The most promising areas of innovative development in the oil and gas sector are the technologies of enhanced oil recovery; the development of hard-to-recover oil reserves; the production of liquefied natural gas and its transportation. In the power sector, the prospective areas are activities aimed at improving the performance reliability of the national energy systems and the introduction of digital technologies. Based on the research findings, it is concluded that the innovation activities in the fuel and energy complex primarily include the development of new technologies, modernization of the FEC technical base; adoption of state-of-the-art methods of coal mining and oil recovery; creating favorable economic conditions for industrial extraction of hard-to-recover reserves; transition to carbon-free fuel sources and energy carriers that can reduce energy consumption and cost as well as reducing the negative FEC impact on the environment.

TO THE PROBLEMS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN MODERN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-CORRUPTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

In the article, the author reflects the existing problems of the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. He focuses on the opacity of the work of state bodies, leading to an increase in bribery and corruption. The topic we have chosen is socially exciting in our days, since its significance is growing on a large scale at all levels of the investigated aspect of our modern life. Democratic institutions are being jeopardized, the difference in the position of social strata of society in society’s access to material goods is growing, and the state of society is suffering from the moral point of view, citizens are losing confidence in the government, and in the top officials of the state.

Meta-Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Egeberg ◽  
Jarle Trondal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Reform Processes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Central Government Agencies ◽  
Instrumental Control

Chapter 8 draws attention to meta-governance and how the governing of reforms is affected by how reform processes are organized. The chapter asks how reformers can ensure support for large-scale reforms that are likely to attract profound resistance. The focal point of the chapter is a study of geographical decentralization of central government agencies. The chapter argues that successful meta-governance can be provided for by careful organization of the reform process. The empirical case studied is a large-scale relocation of government agencies in Norway during the early 2000s. In carrying out this reform, the government succeeded against the odds. Most importantly, research has revealed huge constraints on the instrumental control of large-scale reforms in general and of geographical relocation of organizations in particular. Yet, this chapter shows that large-scale reforms can be successfully achieved through careful crafting of the reform organization.

scholarly journals Dynamic Planning of Bicycle Stations in Dockless Public Bicycle-sharing System Using Gated Graph Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Jianguo Chen ◽  
Kenli Li ◽  
Keqin Li ◽  
Philip S. Yu ◽  
Zeng Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Location Prediction ◽  
City Management ◽  
Dynamic Planning ◽  
Graph Sequence ◽  
Graph Modeling ◽  
The Government ◽  
Location Clustering ◽  
Station Location

Benefiting from convenient cycling and flexible parking locations, the Dockless Public Bicycle-sharing (DL-PBS) network becomes increasingly popular in many countries. However, redundant and low-utility stations waste public urban space and maintenance costs of DL-PBS vendors. In this article, we propose a Bicycle Station Dynamic Planning (BSDP) system to dynamically provide the optimal bicycle station layout for the DL-PBS network. The BSDP system contains four modules: bicycle drop-off location clustering, bicycle-station graph modeling, bicycle-station location prediction, and bicycle-station layout recommendation. In the bicycle drop-off location clustering module, candidate bicycle stations are clustered from each spatio-temporal subset of the large-scale cycling trajectory records. In the bicycle-station graph modeling module, a weighted digraph model is built based on the clustering results and inferior stations with low station revenue and utility are filtered. Then, graph models across time periods are combined to create a graph sequence model. In the bicycle-station location prediction module, the GGNN model is used to train the graph sequence data and dynamically predict bicycle stations in the next period. In the bicycle-station layout recommendation module, the predicted bicycle stations are fine-tuned according to the government urban management plan, which ensures that the recommended station layout is conducive to city management, vendor revenue, and user convenience. Experiments on actual DL-PBS networks verify the effectiveness, accuracy, and feasibility of the proposed BSDP system.

scholarly journals A Mobile and Web Application for Mapping Disaster Volunteers’ Position in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresia Devi Indriasari ◽  
Kusworo Anindito ◽  
Eddy Julianto ◽  
Bertha Laroha Paraya Pangaribuan
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Disaster Situation ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Receive

<span>Indonesia is a country located on top of some tectonic plates that bring potential natural disasters. Disaster management system is considered essential in controlling the situation in the site both before and after the disaster takes place. In disaster situation, the government and society are involved in a volunteer team in order to help minimize victims and support survivors. However, the volunteering activities are often hindered since there are problems in the disaster site. One of the problems is late responses due to poor coordination among volunteers that drives the delay in disaster relief. Therefore, it is necessary to have an application that maps the positions of volunteers in a disaster site, so that the disaster management coordinator can disseminate volunteers to disaster areas based on needs. The purpose of the study is to propose an application called ‘MyMapVolunteers’ that effectively and efficiently detects the position of the volunteers in order to improve disaster management service. In this case, real time and location based service technology will able to detect the position of each volunteer. ‘MyMapVolunteers’ is composed of two platforms, which are mobile and web applications. Mobile platform is an application that uses GPS function provided by the smartphone to find the volunteers’ location coordinates and then send the data of the location automatically and manually. The web platform is used to receive volunteers’ location data and to present them in google map, therefore disaster management coordinator can monitor the positions of and search for volunteers faster.</span>

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Power Factor Correction Policy in Improving the Energy Efficiency of Large-Scale Electricity Users in Ghana

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Lotsu ◽  
Yuichiro Yoshida ◽  
Katsufumi Fukuda ◽  
Bing He
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Power Factor Correction ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Design ◽  
The Government ◽  
Power Factor Improvement ◽  
The Impact

Confronting an energy crisis, the government of Ghana enacted a power factor correction policy in 1995. The policy imposes a penalty on large-scale electricity users, namely, special load tariff (SLT) customers of the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG), whose power factor is below 90%. This paper investigates the impact of this policy on these firms’ power factor improvement by using panel data from 183 SLT customers from 1994 to 1997 and from 2012. To avoid potential endogeneity, this paper adopts a regression discontinuity design (RDD) with the power factor of the firms in the previous year as a running variable, with its cutoff set at the penalty threshold. The result shows that these large-scale electricity users who face the penalty because their power factor falls just short of the threshold are more likely to improve their power factor in the subsequent year, implying that the power factor correction policy implemented by Ghana’s government is effective.

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