Development of a Data Sharing System for Japan Volcanological Data Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Ueda ◽  
◽  
Taishi Yamada ◽  
Takahiro Miwa ◽  
Masashi Nagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Data Network ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Visualization Tools ◽  
Volcanic Crisis Management

In Japan, a number of universities, research institutes, and administrative organizations continue to conduct observations on volcanoes according to their respective roles. They also promote the distribution and sharing of observation data and have collaborated with each other. Japan Volcanological Data Network (JVDN) is a framework that strengthens this cooperation, promotes volcano research, and contributes to volcanic disaster mitigation. In this paper, we report the overview, progress, tasks, and future prospects of the system being developed for JVDN that was initiated in 2016. The observational data collected from each organization is stored in a database and shared using visualization tools to promote collaborative research, (e.g., multi-disciplinary research for eruption prediction) and cooperation between organizations. Furthermore, this database will contribute to volcanic disaster mitigation measures through collaboration between the volcano research community and administrative organizations responsible for volcanic crisis management. Adaptation to the standards of the international WOVOdat database will also promote cooperation with research institutes worldwide.

scholarly journals The Reality of Disaster Mitigation Activities for Companies in Tokyo’s Central Business District: A Case Study on Support for Stranded Commuters in the Initial Period in Chuo-Ku

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1161-1178
Author(s):  
U Hiroi ◽  
Jun Shindo ◽  
Tsuyoshi Kurome ◽  
Takeshi Toratani ◽  
Sakurako Miyata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Local Characteristics ◽  
Behavioral Rules ◽  
Business District

In this study, the Council of Policy for Stranded Commuters in Chuo-ku, Tokyo, is considered as an example of local disaster mitigation activities through mutual aid for companies. The process of the activities during the initial period is described, and the points necessary to “establish and maintain the disaster mitigation activities by multiple companies” are summarized. The efforts of the council have led to the development of a community in which various disaster mitigation measures are not limited to those for stranded commuters but include responses to the sick and wounded; these disaster mitigation measures within companies are discussed. As a result, four points are derived as important factors, namely, grasping the local characteristics, forming an organization where the consensus can be built smoothly together with administrative bodies and academics, formulating local behavioral rules, and stipulating the principles behind the activities and the future prospects. The efforts for the local disaster mitigation activities taken up mainly by the residents of communities have been reported in many studies. However, there are few studies on the disaster mitigation activities conducted for companies; as such, only a case study of the measures for stranded commuters in Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo has been reported [1]. This is a case study that reports the process of the establishment of disaster mitigation activities for companies; based on the case study of Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, this study takes into consideration the characteristics of Chuo-ku, Tokyo, which has no terminal station.

scholarly journals Questionable Reform: The Adoption of the Double-Entry Bookkeeping and Accrual Basis Accounting System in Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-80
Author(s):  
Im Tobin ◽  
Lee Hyunkuk ◽  
Lim Dongwan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
State Level ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Double Entry

This study examines the factors that influence human vulnerability to natural disasters by focusing on the seismic evaluation of school buildings in Korea. Since natural disasters such as an earthquake often do not take people’s lives directly, but rather indirectly through the destruction of physical structures, seismic reinforcement of school buildings may reduce the vulnerability of their occupants by strengthening structures to withstand such disasters. Disaster mitigation measures are implemented within a state; however, little is known about how they are distributed when the physical properties of structures are taken into account. This paper analyzes a panel data based on the structural properties of school buildings in eight different provinces between 2011 and 2015 using a logistic regression model. The results show that factors identified in cross-country studies, such as economic capacity and political factors, still have influence on earthquake preparedness at the state level, even when the physical properties of structures or technical factors are considered.

scholarly journals Analysis of Stress Drop Variations in Fault and Subduction Zones of Maluku and Halmahera Earthquakes in 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Rahmat Setyo Yuliatmoko ◽  
Telly Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Stress Drop ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Reverse Fault ◽  
Nonlinear Inversion ◽  
Rock Structure ◽  
Geological Conditions

The amount of stress released by an earthquake can be calculated with a stress drop, the stress ratio before and after an earthquake where the stress accumulated in a fault or a subduction zone is immediately released during an earthquake. The purpose of this research is to calculate the amount of stress drop in faults and subduction in Maluku and Halmahera and their variations and relate them to the geological conditions in the area so that the tectonic characteristics in the area can be identified. This research employed mathematical analysis and the Nelder Mead Simplex nonlinear inversion methods. The results show that Maluku and Halmahera are the area with complex tectonic conditions and large earthquake impacts. The Maluku sea earthquake generated a stress drop of 0.81 MPa with a reverse fault mechanism in the zone of subduction, while for the Halmahera earthquake the stress drop value was 52.72 MPa, a typical strike-slip mechanism in the fault zone. It can be concluded that there is a difference in the stress drop between the subduction and fault zones; the stress drop in the fault was greater than that in the subduction zone due to different rock structure and faulting mechanisms as well as differences in the move slip rate that plays a role in the process of holding out the stress on a rock. This information is very important to know the amount of pressure released from the earthquake which has a very large impact as part of disaster mitigation measures.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING OF DISASTER-RESILIENT VILLAGE IN GARUT REGENCY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rd. Ahmad Buchari ◽  
Ivan Darmawan ◽  
Kurnia Muhamad Ramdhan
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Institutional Capacity Building ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Institutional Relationships

Disaster may occur anytime and anywhere, and is generally unpredictable. Therefore, the most important to do is disaster management to minimize any harmful impacts of disaster. To be more effective and efficient, it needs to involve all related parties. In regions, the relationship between village institutions is of high importance in disaster mitigation. This is because it is village administration (government) that is in direct relationship with community, and that the latter is one directly impacted by disasters in regions. Thus, in the context of disaster mitigation, the relationship between village institutions should be strengthened. Accordingly, the problem studied in the present research was, how is the strengthening of institutional relationships of villages in Garut Regency?. The research method used was a qualitative method. The data collection techniques used were interview and observation. Interview was conducted with village officials and Destana volunteers. And observation was performed in the field on the activities conducted relating to disaster mitigation measures in the four villages which were the research objects, namely, Pasawahan, Rancabango, Mekarjaya, and Karyamekar.The research result revealed that the institutions in the four villages have been good enough but still need to be strengthened in the context of disaster management. The four villages were vulnerable to disasters and have had Destana instrument as a guard of disaster management at village level. In view of the research result, it is suggested that village officials improve their disaster management by, among others, conducting socialization on disaster risks, ways of lessening disaster occurrences, and ways of minimizing losses in case a disaster really occurs. 

Networking and a Collaborative Research Community: a Case Study Using the DENDRAL Programs

1975 ◽  
pp. 192-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAYMOND E. CARHART ◽  
SUZANNE M. JOHNSON ◽  
DENNIS H. SMITH ◽  
BRUCE G. BUCHANAN ◽  
R. GEOFFREY DROMEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Research Community

The Library Big Data Research

2018 ◽  
pp. 892-905
Author(s):  
Shaochun Xu ◽  
Wencai Du ◽  
Chunning Wang ◽  
Dapeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Intellectual Assets ◽  
The Status ◽  
Visualization Tools ◽  
Stored Information

Libraries are widely used by government, universities, research institutes, and the public since they are storing and managing intellectual assets. The library information directly stored in libraries and about the people interaction with libraries can be transformed into accessible data which then will be used by researchers to help library better serve users. Librarians need to understand how to transform, analyze, and present data in order to facilitate such knowledge creation. For example, the challenges they face include how to make big datasets more useful, visible and accessible. Fortunately, with new and powerful analytics of big data, such as information visualization tools, researchers/users can look at data in new ways and mine it for information they intend to have. Moreover, interaction of users and stored information has been taken into librarian's consideration to improve library service quality. In this work, the authors discuss the characteristics of datasets in library and argue against a popular confusion that data involved in library research is not big enough, conduct a review for the research work on library big data and then summarize the applications and research directions in this field. The status of big data research in library in China is discussed. The challenges associated with it are also discussed and explored.

Current Status of Disaster Preparedness of Pharmacies and Differences in Disaster Awareness Based on Pharmacy Size

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayoko Ozeki ◽  
Toshiyuki Ojima
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe prevention of deaths caused indirectly by disasters is important, especially for evacuees requiring medication. Pharmacies play a major role in providing medication to disaster victims. Therefore, this study evaluated the current status of disaster preparedness among pharmacies, the extent of disaster awareness and knowledge of disaster mitigation measures, and any associations of these with the characteristics of pharmacies.MethodsQuestionnaires about disaster preparedness were sent to 337 pharmacies in Japan, in a region at high risk of major earthquakes. Tabulation analyses were carried out to examine the characteristics of pharmacies and then a logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between disaster awareness and the level of preparedness of pharmacies. Furthermore, to examine in detail any differences associated with pharmacy size, subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsHigh disaster awareness was significantly correlated with adequate disaster preparedness. However, in the subgroup analyses, no significant differences were observed among large pharmacies. In contrast, disaster awareness was significantly related to the disaster preparedness of small pharmacies.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the disaster preparedness of pharmacies is related to the level of disaster awareness, highlighting the importance of disaster awareness activities in ordinary times before a disaster. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:753–757)

TSUNAMI MITIGATION MEASURES FOR TSUNAMI PRONE SMALL ISLANDS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE 2010 TSUNAMI AROUND THE MENTAWAI ISLANDS OF INDONESIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350002 ◽  
Author(s):  
SYAMSIDIK ◽  
DINAR CATUR ISTIYANTO
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Mentawai Islands

The challenge of protecting communities in tsunami-prone populated small islands is difficult to meet. Likewise, the islands are often found with a lack of disaster mitigation infrastructure. A tsunami that occurred around the Mentawai Islands of Indonesia on October 25, 2010, causing around 500 dead, is the inspiration for this paper. This study was aimed at elaborating practices in protecting communities of small islands from tsunamis by incorporating information about the estimated time of arrival of a tsunami into the islands mitigation measures. A field survey to obtain the impacts of the tsunami on the number of casualties and damages was conducted in February 2011 around the Mentawai Islands. In the survey, a set of questionnaires were distributed in the Mentawai Islands to investigate the small island residents' responses just after the shock from the tsunami waves. This study was also followed by numerical simulations to obtain tsunami wave Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) for the Mentawai islands. Numerical simulations were conducted using Delft3D software coupled with Tsunami toolkit. This research found that the ETAs for the Mentawai Islands range between 9–20 min. With the existing tsunami early warning system in Indonesia, the ETAs are quite short. Comparing the Simulated ETAs to the findings from the Mentawai Islands tsunami survey led to the recommendation that the best way to increase the community's preparedness for a tsunami would be by managing village-based spatial planning. Such spatial planning may include relocating the residents far away from the coastal area. This would enable the community to have more time to evacuate should a tsunami threat occur.

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