Change in Disaster-Prevention Consciousness Brought by Serious Damage from a Large Scale Disaster: Studying the Kumamoto Earthquake in 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Miki Ozeki ◽  
Kan Shimazaki ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Kumamoto Earthquake ◽  
Sense Of Danger ◽  
Extent Of Damage

The aim of the current study was to test whether direct experience of a large-scale natural disaster enhanced disaster-prevention consciousness, using the disaster-prevention consciousness scale created by Shimazaki and Ozeki (2017). An online survey was conducted in February 2017 targeting those who lived in Kumamoto Prefecture, which was seriously damaged by the Kumamoto Earthquake. Participants were divided into two groups: a group of people who lived in 14 local towns where public employees of other local governments came to provide backup assistance after the Kumamoto Earthquake (heavily damaged group), and a group of people who did not live in these areas when the Kumamoto Earthquake occurred (damaged group). Results showed that interest in disasters, sense of danger in current disaster prevention, others orientation, and anxiety increased after large-scale natural disasters, irrespective of the extent of damage. Directly experiencing damage from the disaster enhanced imagination for damage situation.

Development of Urban Disaster Prevention Systems in Japan – from the Mid-1980s

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itsuki Nakabayashi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Earthquake Disaster ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan ◽  
Metropolitan Government

This treatise outlines developments in disaster management focusing on earthquake disaster measures taken by the Japanese and Tokyo Metropolitan Governments since the 1980s. The 1978 Large-Scale Earthquake Measures Special Act on conditions for predicting the Tokai Earthquake significantly changed the direction of earthquake disaster measures in Japan. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government undertook its own earthquake disaster measures based on lessons learned from the 1964 Niigata Earthquake. In the 1980s, it began planning urban development disaster management programs for upgrading areas with high wooden houses concentration - still a big problem in many urban areas of Japan - which are most vulnerable to earthquake disasters. The 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Kobe brought meaningful insight into both to earthquake disaster measures by the Japanese Government and by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government and other local governments nationwide. Long-term predictions concerning possible earthquake occurrence have been conducted throughout Japan and new earthquake disaster measures have been adopted based on this long-term prediction. The Tokyo Government has further completely revised its own earthquake disaster measures. As a review of measures against foreseeable earthquake disasters based on developments in disaster management measures, this treatise provides invaluable insights emphasizing urban earthquake disaster prevention developed in Japan over the last 30 years that readers are sure to find both interesting and informative in their own work.

Development of Disaster Response Applications and Improvements in Regional Disaster Prevention Capacity Based on Collaborative Information Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-386
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Noda ◽  
Katsuya Yamori ◽  
Kenji Harada ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Strategic Innovation ◽  
Type Complex

For alleviation of damage and rapid recovery following a widespread large-scale disaster, responses are needed that remain effective with limited human and material resources. To achieve this, it is imperative to prepare ahead for a collaborative response of agencies and organizations in the region at risk. In Theme 7 of Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP) for Enhancement of Societal Resiliency against Natural Disasters, the research and development of the application technology and the experiments of its social implementation have proceeded under the perspectives of the following sub-themes to cooperate with the citizens, local governments and industries and make the regional disaster response possible under the regional cooperation. Theme 7-1 aims to enhance the regional resilience targeting the areas of industrial clusters and the areas with high risk of tsunami, supposing a large-scale disaster caused by the Nankai megathrust earthquake. Theme 7-2 aims to develop the support technology to response to and mitigate effectively the urban-type complex disaster triggered by the earthquake disaster by the earthquake that directly hits Tokyo area etc. and the flood by torrential rain etc., taking the urban Metropolitan area into consideration. In this paper the above-mentioned efforts are outlined and the matters to be mentioned especially and stressed in Theme 7-1 are pointed out.

scholarly journals The Indonesian Government's Inconsistency in Handling The Covid-19 Pandemic

Yuridika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
Syamsuddin Radjab ◽  
Muhammad Ikram Nur Fuady
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Legal Sanctions ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
The Government ◽  
Administrative Sanctions

A clear legal umbrella is a basis for the effectiveness of a policy, including in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the inconsistency of the legal umbrella in giving birth legal uncertain, and the public becomes confused. This research aims to critique the Indonesian government's attitude in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic, which began in early 2020 due to the legal umbrella's inconsistency in enforcing different and ineffective legal sanctions at the central government and local governments. The research method used is normative research with a statutory approach. In contrast, the research explained in a descriptive-qualitative way. This research shows that the government considers the Covid-19 pandemic a non-natural disaster and does not lockdown. Meanwhile, the legal umbrella used is the health quarantine law, which requires implementing public health emergencies, almost the same as lockdowns. On the other hand, the Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) policy has a legal basis for a health quarantine law. At the same time, the Covid-19 pandemic situation is a non-natural disaster that should refer to the disaster management law. Furthermore, other results also show ineffective enforcement of legal sanctions, such as criminal sanctions in regional head decisions that can not enforce because PSBB only includes administrative sanctions. In conclusion, the inconsistency of the legal umbrella in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic is very detrimental to the community due to limited human rights, which can lead to legal uncertainty and public distrust of the government.

Developing the management models of life skills education in order to deal with climate change and disaster prevention for students in the ethnic minorities boarding high school in the current period - The status and solutions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Thi Nhu Quynh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Current Period ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Skills Education ◽  
Life Skills Education

Life skills education to deal with the climate change and management of natural disaster prevention for students in ethnic minorities boarding high schools are very necessary nowadays. Based on educational activities of life skills, we establish and develop the awareness, attitudes and behavior for students, help them to find the causes and consequences of climate change and the natural disaster so that they shape attitudes and behavior of themselves in adaptation and mitigation due to climate change and natural disasters, as well as conscious propaganda for everyone to perform, toward a better life, a civilized society, meet overall educational goals during the current period. So that, life skills education for the goals of meeting the needs of disaster prevention for students are concerned. However, we not only say doctrinairely but also pay attention to the results of the life skills education due to meet the needs of disaster prevention, by then we form perceptions, attitudes and behavior for students in schools and in society. So there must be coordination between the forces of education in schools with families and society. Therefore, life skills education for students acquire sustainably. Assay results consulted reviews of managers, teachers showed that life skills educational management measures meeting the needs of disaster prevention for the students are necessary and available, suitable with the practice of ethnic minorities boarding high schools.

Disaster Diplomacy as an Alternative Approach for Indonesia's Instrument of Foreign Policy in ASEAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arfin Sudirman ◽  
Animbyo Cahya Putra
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Tsunami 2004

ASEAN is one of the regions with the highest rate of disaster vulnerability. Tsunami 2004 has triggered the momentum for Indonesia and ASEAN to deal with disaster-related issues more seriously. Losses and casualties from the catastrophe led to the decision by Indonesian government to put disaster prevention and risk reduction as a priority. Indonesia continues to encourage and supporting ASEAN in order to improve the region’s capability to deal with natural disaster. Through AADMER (ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response) that was signed in July 2005, ASEAN held an unequivocal and defined base in any efforts of disaster management, especially in the ASEAN region. Through Qualitative Methodology, this paper will discuss about how the disaster diplomacy of Indonesia contributes to the improvement of ASEAN’s capability in the disaster management, but also examines BNPB as both the backbone and the focal point of Indonesia’s disaster management, which then leads up to how disaster can abolish certain diplomatic hurdles, as well as improving regional cooperation, and strengthen the Indonesia’s position as a key country in regional disaster management.

COOPERAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL POR MEIO DOS REGIMES DE PREVENÇÃO E RESPOSTA DE DESASTRES NATURAIS: A EFETIVAÇÃO DO DIREITO POR MEIO DA GOVERNANÇAINTERNATIONAL COOPERATION THROUGH NATURAL DISASTER PREVENTION AND RESPONSE REGIMES: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LAW BY GOVERNANCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alberto Antunes de Miranda ◽  
Andressa Pimentel Pastoriz
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Disaster Prevention

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a efetividade do conjunto normativo no cenário internacional no que diz respeito a prevenção e resposta dos desastres naturais. Para que isso seja alcançado, primeiramente foi contextualizado a temática dos desastres naturais, conceituando-os para logo a seguir examinar os regimes existentes e sua efetividade. O estudo realizado é de natureza qualitativa descritiva, desenvolvido por meio de consultas documentais e bibliográficas, percorrendo as mais importantes fontes extraídas das principais Organizações Internacionais envolvidas. Foram levantadas as principais convenções e reuniões sobre meio ambiente, seus históricos e seus resultados. Conclui-se que tais conjuntos normativos são efetivos, porém não existe uma autoridade supranacional que demande a obrigatoriedade deles, não sendo possível assim extrair o melhor resultado dos regimes existentes.

scholarly journals Relationships among the Degree of Participation in Physical Activity, Self-Concept Clarity, and COVID-19 Stress in Adolescents

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Dae-Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
School Students ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
State And Local

The COVID-19 pandemic situation threatens the health of people globally, especially adolescents facing mental problems such as depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder due to constant COVID-19 stress. The present study aimed to provide basic data highlighting the need to alleviate COVID-19 stress among adolescents by promoting physical activity participation and strengthening self-concept clarity (SCC). To examine the relationships among participation in physical activity, SCC, and COVID-19 stress in pandemic-like conditions, the study was conducted on middle and high school students aged 14 to 19 and an online survey was conducted on 1046 Korean adolescents (521 male and 525 female students in the preliminary survey and main survey). Frequency, reliability, confirmatory factor, descriptive, and path analyses were performed using SPSS and AMOS 18.0. Participation in physical activity exerted a positive effect on SCC (p < 0.001) as well as a negative effect on COVID-19 stress (p = 0.031). Our findings also indicated that SCC exerted a negative effect on COVID-19 stress (p < 0.001). Regular participation in physical activity and strong SCC are also fundamental elements for alleviating COVID-19 stress. Given these results, state and local governments and educational institutions should encourage youth to participate in sports by suggesting policies, providing guidelines, and offering education. Such information may allow adolescents to endure and overcome COVID-19 stress during this critical period of life.

scholarly journals Well-Being of Healthcare Workers and the General Public during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam: An Online Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4737
Author(s):  
Tuyen Dinh Hoang ◽  
Robert Colebunders ◽  
Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo ◽  
Nhan Phuc Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Trung Dinh Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Restrictive Measures

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictive measures implemented may considerably affect people’s lives. This study aimed to assess the well-being of Vietnamese people after COVID-19 lockdown measures were lifted and life gradually returned to normal. An online survey was organized from 21 to 25 April 2020 among Vietnamese residents aged 18 and over. The survey was launched by the Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy. The WHO-5 Well-Being Index (scored 0–25) was used to score participants’ well-being. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors of well-being. A total of 1922 responses were analyzed (mean age: 31 years; 30.5% male; 88.2% health professionals or students in the health sector). The mean well-being score was 17.35 ± 4.97. Determinants of a high well-being score (≥13) included older age, eating healthy food, practicing physical exercise, working from home, and adhering to the COVID-19 preventive measures. Female participants, persons worried about their relatives’ health, and smokers were more likely to have a low well-being score. In conclusion, after the lockdown measures were lifted, the Vietnamese have people continued to follow COVID-19 preventive measures, and most of them scored high on the well-being scale. Waiting to achieve large-scale COVID-19 vaccine coverage, promoting preventive COVID-19 measures remains important, together with strategies to guarantee the well-being of the Vietnamese people.

Trends in Public–Private Pay Parity in State and Local Governments

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory B. Lewis ◽  
Rahul Pathak ◽  
Chester S. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Labor Economics ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Census Data ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Total Compensation ◽  
Economics Model ◽  
State And Local

Have state and local governments (SLGs) achieved pay parity with the private sector? The answer depends on how one defines parity. Using a standard labor economics model on U.S. Census data from 1990 to 2014, we find different patterns if we focus on pay, on pay plus benefits, or on total compensation within an occupation. All approaches indicate that pay is higher in local than in state governments and that Blacks, Hispanics, and employees without college diplomas earn higher pay in SLGs than in the private sector. In contrast, Whites, Asians, and college graduates are less likely to enjoy higher pay working in SLGs than in the private sector. Unsurprisingly, states with more liberal and Democratic legislatures pay public employees better, relative to workers in the private sector.

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