Evaluation of Tsunami Wave Loads Acting on Walls of Confined-Masonry-Brick and Concrete-Block Houses

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 976-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaku Shoji ◽  
◽  
Hirofumi Shimizu ◽  
Shunichi Koshimura ◽  
Miguel Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Wave Load ◽  
Confined Masonry ◽  
Wave Pressure ◽  
Horizontal Wave

Damage to confined-masonry-brick or concrete-block house was assessed for being subjected to a tsunami wave load. This study was prompted by recent three tsunamis – one during 2001 on the Near Coast of Peru, one in 2009 in the Samoa Islands, and one in 2010 in Maule, Chile. We analyzed 13 damaged walls from 10 single-storey houses located near the coastline. We focused on evaluating the tsunami wave pressure distribution on house walls. Based on the formula proposed by Asakura et al. (2000) to evaluate tsunami wave pressure distribution on a structural component located on land behind on-shore structures, which is used for designing a tsunami evacuation building, we identify the values of horizontal wave pressure indexain Asakura’s formula for walls and discuss the boundary value ofaat which a wall presents structural damage, such as in collapse and cracking failure modes.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE WAVE FACTOR INFLUENCING HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Sevda Aliyeva ◽  
Mahmud Ismayilov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Pressure ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Floating Structures ◽  
Wave Pressure ◽  
Oil Platforms ◽  
Offshore Installations ◽  
Horizontal Wave ◽  
Design Characteristics

It is known that a large block of deep-sea foundations consists of a truss sheathed with wood, a metal beam system, floating structures and four pyramidal metal blocks with a truss structure. The design characteristics of the foundations of oil platforms depend on the conditions under which the vertical interaction, along with the calculation of permanent and temporary loads, is accompanied by the specific gravity of drilling equipment and rigs or horizontal wind pressure, as well as the influence of horizontal wave loads on the foundation blocks. Horizontal waves and wind loads can be constant and variable in different conditions, therefore the effect of each of these loads on the device must be considered separately. To determine the wave pressure acting on the support blocks of stationary offshore installations, SN-92-60 was used under the editorship of the team of authors under the leadership of Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor N.N.Tsunkov. Keywords: hydraulic structures, wave factor, wave pressure, wave profile, pressure diagrams, 3D model.

scholarly journals Horizontal Wave Pressures on the Crown Wall of Rubble Mound Breakwater under Non-Breaking Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-332
Author(s):  
Jong-In Lee ◽  
Geum Yong Lee ◽  
Young-Taek Kim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Test ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Physical Model Test ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Wave Pressure ◽  
Practical Design ◽  
Horizontal Wave ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Rubble Mound

The crown wall with parapet on top of the rubble mound breakwater represents a relatively economic and efficient solution to reduce the wave overtopping discharge. However, the inclusion of parapet leads to increased wave pressure on the crown wall. The wave pressure on the crown wall is investigated by physical model test. To design the crown wall the wave loads should be available, and the horizontal wave pressure is still unclear. Regarding to the horizontal wave pressure on the crown wall, a series of experiments were conducted by changing the rubble mound type structure and the wave conditions. Based on these results, pressure modification factors of Goda’s (1974, 2010) formula have been suggested, which can be applicable for the practical design of the crown wall of the rubble-mound breakwater covered by tetrapods.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Breaking Wave Loads on Cylindrical and Conical Substructures

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 924
Author(s):  
Eirinaios Chatzimarkou ◽  
Constantine Michailides
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Breaking Wave ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Wave Loading ◽  
Wave Load ◽  
Sst Turbulence Model

In the present paper, a comparative study of different cylindrical and conical substructures was performed under breaking wave loading with the open-source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package OpenFoam capable of the development of a numerical wave tank (NWT) with the use of Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, the k-ω Shear Stress Transport (k-ω SST) turbulence model, and the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The validity of the NWT was verified with relevant experimental data. Then, through the application of the present numerical model, the distributions of dynamic pressure and velocity in the x-direction around the circumference of different cylindrical and conical substructures were examined. The results showed that the velocity and dynamic pressure distribution did not change significantly with the increase in the substructure’s diameter near the wave breaking height, although the incident wave conditions were similar. Another important aspect of the study was whether the hydrodynamic loading or the dynamic pressure distribution of a conical substructure would improve or deteriorate under the influence of breaking wave loading compared to a cylindrical one. It was concluded that the primary wave load in a conical substructure increased by 62.57% compared to the numerical results of a cylindrical substructure. In addition, the secondary load’s magnitude in the conical substructure was 3.39 times higher and the primary-to-secondary load ratio was double compared to a cylindrical substructure. These findings demonstrate that the conical substructure’s performance will deteriorate under breaking wave loading compared to a cylindrical one, and it is not recommended to use this type of substructure.

Estimation of Tsunami Force Acting on Rectangular Structures

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Fujima ◽  
◽  
Fauzie Achmad ◽  
Yoshinori Shigihara ◽  
Norimi Mizutani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Standing Wave ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Wave Force ◽  
Total Force ◽  
Force Estimation ◽  
Wave Pressure ◽  
Estimation Equations ◽  
Building Models

Hydraulic experiments were conducted to estimate tsunami wave force acting on rectangular onshore structures. Used building models placed at several distances from a shoreline. Wave pressure was measured at points on exposed structures. Impact and standing-wave pressure at different points peaked at different moments in time, so tsunami force tended to be overestimated by integrating maximum wave-pressure distribution envelope. Measured total force was thus used to formulate tsunami force estimation equations. Hydrostatic formula was successful for structures near a shoreline, despite large scattering for structures far from a shoreline. Hydrodynamic formula was successful in all cases, although inertia was considerable for structures near a shoreline.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BORE WAVE PRESSURE ACTING ON STORAGE TANK

2018 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Susumu Araki ◽  
Wataru Kunimatsu ◽  
Shunyo Kitaguchi ◽  
Shun Iwasaki ◽  
Shin-ichi Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Wave Load ◽  
Wave Pressure ◽  
Near Future

Storage tanks located in coastal areas can be damaged by tsunami. The damage can lead a spill of gas or oil, which cause an extensive fire. Another huge tsunami triggered by earthquake is predicted to strike Japan in the near future. Therefore, tsunami wave load acting on storage tanks has to be investigated. The authors have investigated the characteristics of tsunami wave load acting on a storage tank (Araki et al., 2017a; 2017b). In this study, bore wave pressure acting on a cylindrical storage tank was measured. The characteristic of the pressure was discussed.

STUDY ON TSUNAMI WAVE PRESSURE OF REGULARLY-ARRANGED CYLINDRES

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. I_259-I_264
Author(s):  
Akio NAGAYAMA ◽  
Tomotaka TANAKA ◽  
Ryouga SAKAGUCHI ◽  
Ryoudai SUEYOSHI ◽  
Toshiyuki ASANO
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Wave ◽  
Wave Pressure

scholarly journals Fluctuation of magnitude of wave loads for a long array of bottom-mounted cylinders

2019 ◽  
Vol 868 ◽  
pp. 244-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Zeng ◽  
Fajun Yu ◽  
Min Shi ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Local Maximum ◽  
Destructive Interference ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Wave Load ◽  
Intrinsic Mechanism ◽  
Fluctuation Phenomenon ◽  
Analytical Formulae ◽  
Incident Waves

For wave loads on cylinders constituting a long but finite array in the presence of incident waves, variations in the magnitude of the load with the non-dimensional wavenumber exhibit interesting features. Towering spikes and nearby secondary peaks (troughs) associated with trapped modes have been studied extensively. Larger non-trapped regions other than these two are termed Region III in this study. Studies of Region III are rare. We find that fluctuations in Region III are regular; the horizontal distance between two adjacent local maximum/minimum points, termed fluctuation spacing, is constant and does not change with non-dimensional wavenumbers. Fluctuation spacing is related only to the total number of cylinders in the array, identification serial number of the cylinder concerned and wave incidence angle. Based on the interaction theory and constructive/destructive interference, we demonstrate that the fluctuation characteristics can be predicted using simple analytical formulae. The formulae for predicting fluctuation spacing and the abscissae of every peak and trough in Region III are proposed. We reveal the intrinsic mechanism of the fluctuation phenomenon. When the diffraction waves emitted from the cylinders at the ends of the array and the cylinder concerned interfere constructively/destructively, peaks/troughs are formed. The fluctuation phenomenon in Region III is related to solutions of inhomogeneous equations. By contrast, spikes and secondary peaks are associated with solutions of the eigenvalue problem. This study of Region III complements existing understanding of the characteristics of the magnitude of wave load. The engineering significances of the results are discussed as well.

Wave Loads on Floaters of Aquaculture Plants

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kristiansen ◽  
Odd M. Faltinsen
Keyword(s):  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Staggered Grid ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Surface Zone ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Wave Load ◽  
Constrained Interpolation ◽  
Advection Term

This paper addresses wave loads on horizontal cylinders in the free surface zone by means of model tests and numerical simulations. This has relevance for the design of floating fish farms at exposed locations. Two model geometries were tested, where two-dimensional flow conditions were sought. The cylinders were fixed and exposed to regular wave trains. Wave overtopping the models were observed. A two-dimensional Numerical Wave Tank (NWT) for wave load computations is described. The NWT is based on the finite difference method and solves the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on a non-uniform Cartesian staggered grid. The advection term is treated separately by the CIP (Constrained Interpolation Profile) method. A fractional and validation of the NWT is emphasized. Numerical results from simulations with the same physical parameters as in the model tests are performed for comparison. Deviations are discussed.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WAVE LOADING AND ITS REDUCTION ON SHELTERED BUILDINGS

2020 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Joaquin Moris ◽  
Andrew Kennedy ◽  
Joannes Westerink
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Wave Loading

Wave loading from inundation events like storms and tsunamis can cause severe structural damage to buildings (Xian et al., 2015); therefore, it is important to predict wave loading as accurately as possible. One uncertainty in estimating wave loads during inundation events is the possible reduction of loads by sheltering from other buildings. Understanding and quantifying this effect could reduce overestimated loads in sheltered buildings and avoid over-conservative structural design. This work aims to quantify the reduction of wave loads in sheltered buildings through the analysis of experimental data and numerical simulations.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/89QblLjDBnI

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