Index to Evaluate Tsunami Evacuation Potential and its Validation at Yamada, Iwate Prefecture

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 730-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yozo Goto ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Simple Index ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Iwate Prefecture

Over 18,000 people were killed or went missing in Tohoku district Pacific coast communities during the March 11, 2011, Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster. The author proposes a victimindex, a simple index to evaluate tsunami evacuation potential, for comprehensively evaluating the ease of evacuation and the evacuation capability of residents in communities based on field research data, and determined the index values for 13 villages of Yamada town, Iwate prefecture. Whether the index values matched regional features was analyzed using interview survey data on evacuation actions of residents by the Joint Survey Group on Tsunami Evacuation during the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster (team for Yamada and Ishinomaki) (Appendix A). As a result, under some restrictions, the difference in features related to the evacuation capability of affected communities could be explained well using the victim index. This index is applicable to compare damaged factors among the communities and allows for the objective analysis of damage potential of each community.

Re-Increased Male Suicide Rates in the Recovery Phase Following the Great East Japan Earthquake

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatsugu Orui
Keyword(s):  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Background: Monitoring of suicide rates in the recovery phase following a devastating disaster has been limited. Aim: We report on a 7-year follow-up of the suicide rates in the area affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred in March 2011. Method: This descriptive study covered the period from March 2009 to February 2018. Period analysis was used to divide the 108-month study period into nine segments, in which suicide rates were compared with national averages using Poisson distribution. Results: Male suicide rates in the affected area from March 2013 to February 2014 increased to a level higher than the national average. After subsequently dropping, the male rates from March 2016 to February 2018 re-increased and showed a greater difference compared with the national averages. The difference became significant in the period from March 2017 to February 2018 ( p = .047). Limitations: Specific reasons for increasing the rates in the recovery phase were not determined. Conclusion: The termination of the provision of free temporary housing might be influential in this context. Provision of temporary housing was terminated from 2016, which increased economic hardship among needy evacuees. Furthermore, disruption of the social connectedness in the temporary housing may have had an influence. Our findings suggest the necessity of suicide rate monitoring even in the recovery phase.

SELISIH BIAYA PRODUKSI SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN MANAJEMEN PT INDO PUSAKA BERAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
SAFITRI NURHIDAYATI ◽  
RIZKI AMELYA SYAM
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to analyze whether the difference that occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs between the standard costs and the actual costs in PLTU LATI is a difference that is favorable or unfavorable. Data collection techniques with field research and library research. The analytical tool used is the analysis of the difference in raw material costs, the difference in direct labor costs and the difference in factory overhead costs. The hypothesis in this study is that the difference allegedly occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb is a favorable difference. The results showed that the difference in the cost of producing MWh electricity at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb in 2018, namely the difference in the price of raw material costs Rp. 548,029.80, - is favorable, the difference in quantity of raw materials is Rp. 957,216,602, - is (favorable) , the difference in direct labor costs Rp 2,602,642,084, - is (unfavorable), and the difference in factory overhead costs Rp 8,807,051,422, - is (favorable) This shows that the difference in the overall production cost budget is favorable or profitable. This beneficial difference shows that the company is really able to reduce production costs optimally in 2018.  

scholarly journals The association between cognitive impairment and breast and colorectal cancer screening utilization

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Yang ◽  
Jiang Bian ◽  
Thomas J. George ◽  
Karen Daily ◽  
Dongyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background Undergoing cancer screening is a debatable topic in patients with cognitive impairment. In this study, we aimed to examine the utilization and predictors of breast and colorectal cancer screening among screening eligible, cognitively impaired individuals. Methods We analyzed the 2018 and 2019 National Health Interview Survey data (n = 12,965 and 24,782, respectively) on individuals eligible for breast or colorectal cancer screening. We calculated the percentage of cancer screening eligible individuals who received mammogram or colonoscopy by cognitive impairment status. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine whether having a recent mammogram or colonoscopy differed by cognitive impairment status, adjusting for covariates. Results We observed a significantly lower percentage of mammogram use in the screening eligible, cognitively impaired (mild or severe) versus unimpaired women. Adjusting for the covariates, the cognitively impaired women, mild (odds ratio [OR] = 0.85; p = 0.015) or severe (OR = 0.54; p <  0.001), were less likely to have had a recent mammogram compared to the cognitively unimpaired women. Although statistically non-significant, the percentage of colonoscopy use in the screening eligible, cognitively impaired individuals were slightly higher than that in the cognitively unimpaired individuals. In the regression analysis, we found the cognitively impaired men, mild (OR = 0.79; p <  0.001) or severe (OR = 0.69; p = 0.038), were less likely to have had a recent colonoscopy compared to the cognitively unimpaired men. More studies are needed to examine the multilevel factors that underpin the difference in cancer screening utilization in this vulnerable population. Conclusion Our results highlight the need for additional research to address utilization and effectiveness of cancer screening in individuals with cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Roaming Dogs in Ushuaia City, Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina. How Many and Why

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Arona ◽  
Adrián Schiavini
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Abundance Index ◽  
Simple Index ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Index Estimation ◽  
Improved Accuracy

Abstract Free roaming dogs (FRD) in cities represent an increasing problem. Authorities need numbers of FRDs to evaluate policies implemented and to monitor the dog population. We estimated the number of FRD in Ushuaia city, Argentina, using a photographic capture-recapture methodology. We estimated an abundance index, the power to detect changes in the index, and modeled factors that may explain the spatial distribution of FRD and their welfare status. During three surveys, covering 72 transects along streets (9.9% of the street layout of Ushuaia), we recorded 539 different FRDs. A model with individual heterogeneity in capture-recapture probability gave 12,797 FRDs (95% CI 10,979 − 15,323), reflecting a dog:human relation of 1:6, higher than the relation recommended by the WHO. The abundance index was similar between surveys (8.13 ± 1.36, 8.38 ± 1.46 and 9.55 ± 1.28 dogs/km). The difference needed to detect changes in the index is about twice the standard error of estimates. The best model explaining dogs’ abundance included only geographical location, although two neighbourhoods with 9 transects stand out with 181 different FRDs identified. Together with the good overall dogs’ welfare status, modeling suggests that the behavior of owners is the main driver for the presence of FRDs. We recommend the use of photographic capture-recapture methodologies instead of simple index estimation, due to the small additional effort required and the improved accuracy and precision obtained. We also recommend a permanent systematic design for future surveys, increase the number of survey occasions, and improve the survey process.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Suicide Rate Trends in the Tsunami-Disaster-Affected Area Following the Great East Japan Earthquake

Crisis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatsugu Orui ◽  
Suzuka Saeki ◽  
Yuki Kozakai ◽  
Shuichiro Harada ◽  
Mizuho Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Miyagi Prefecture ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Background: People who experienced the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) were expected to have additional levels of psychological burden resulting from the stressful conditions imposed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; consequently, suicide rates may increase. Aim: We aimed to carry out continuous monitoring of suicide rates in the affected area following the GEJE under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Method: This descriptive study monitored the suicide rates of the coastal area of Miyagi Prefecture, where disaster-related mental health activities have been continuing following severe damage caused by the tsunami disaster. An exponential smoothing time-series analysis that converted suicide rates into a smooth trend was conducted. Results: Although the suicide rate in the affected area was higher than the national average in February 2020, it showed a declining trend during the COVID-19 pandemic, while showing an increase trend in the national and non-affected areas. Limitations: Uncertainty about the direct reasons for suicide and the short time-scale observation are the limitations of this study. Conclusion: Although the national suicide rate increased, this was not the case for the affected area. Our findings may provide important lessons for suicide prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic, which needs careful regional monitoring of the state of suicide and of high-risk approaches such as disaster-related mental health activities.

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