Toward Mitigating Actions: Risk Communication Regarding Natural Disaster

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Nakayachi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Communication Program ◽  
The Social ◽  
Risk Managers

Appropriate mitigationmeasures are not always taken even if individuals perceive a high risk of a natural disaster; therefore, merely sharing information on the degree of risk is insufficient when communicating the true danger in a situation. Which aspects should be taken into account in designing a risk communication program against natural disasters? This article reviews this issue based on findings of risk perception studies and theories of social psychology. The focus was placed upon four topics in addressing the link between risk perception and preparedness for action: (1) perceived efficacy of recommendedmitigation measures, (2) trust in risk managers, (3) direct or indirect experience of the disaster, and (4) use of heuristics. This article also addressed the social aspects of human nature in disasters. Immediately after 2011 Tohoku earthquake shocks subsided, mobile phone communication was disabled by the sudden and extremely high demand of users attempting to contact significant others. Emergency evacuation systems, therefore, must be designed with an allowance for the social nature of people trying to confirm the safety of others even when this may conflict with immediate evacuation requirements. The development of an information environment which enables residents to evacuate rapidly, based on psychological findings and advanced technology, was finally discussed.

Mediating the social and psychological impacts of terrorist attacks: The role of risk perception and risk communication

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brooke Rogers ◽  
Richard Amlôt ◽  
G. James Rubin ◽  
Simon Wessely ◽  
Kristian Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Impacts

scholarly journals Communicating risks of foodborne diseases

Open Medicine ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Wildemann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
The Many ◽  
Risk Managers ◽  
Foodborne Infections

AbstractFoodborne diseases contribute substantially to the overall burden of disease, including hospitalizations, economic loss, and death. Nonetheless, in contrast to food safety experts, the public usually perceives foodborne diseases as low risk, which highlights the differences in the perception of the risk. Many studies have shown that risk perception is a complex concept determined by a variety factors. Among the factors associated with increased concern are high media attention and an impact on children.Risk communication is a new concept aimed at the providing meaningful, relevant, and accurate information. The purpose is to increase knowledge and enable the recipients to make informed choices. The process of risk communication is complicated by the many contributors, including experts, lay people, risk managers, media, and other stakeholders. It is a two-way process that requires respecting and listening to the contributors. The risk message and its originator are crucial components that account for the success of risk communication.Communication campaigns aim at raising awareness of hygienic food preparation at home, changing risk behavior, and reducing the number of foodborne infections. By considering the determinants of risk perception and the rules for communicating effectively, risk communication can help preventing foodborne infections and improve public health.

The Social, Psychological, and Legal Construction of Risk

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda C. Fentiman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Patient Information ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Risk Construction

This chapter explores the psychosocial process of risk construction, explaining general processes of risk perception, risk communication, and risk management. These unconscious and powerful processes create subliminal biases and stereotypes and affect the discretionary decisions of prosecutors, judges, and juries. Health care professionals wield tremendous power in deciding when to disclose confidential patient information to law enforcement if they believe that a patient, especially a pregnant woman, has engaged in “risky” behavior.

The social and psychological consequences of a natural disaster: A longitudinal study of Hurricane Audrey.

1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick L. Bates ◽  
◽  
C. W. Fogleman ◽  
V. J. Parenton ◽  
R. H. Pittman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
The Social

Risk communication: The roles of message appeal and coping style

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikyoung Kim ◽  
Yoonhyeung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Message Processing ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Emotional Appeals ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Message Appeals ◽  
And Coping

We examined the main effect of message appeal (emotional and logical) and coping style (monitors and blunters) and the interaction effect between the two on risk message processing outcomes. Participants were 74 U.S. undergraduate and graduate students who read news stories about tornadoes, then rated their risk message processing outcomes. Results showed that emotional appeals led to a higher risk perception, probability of risk occurrence, and more accurate recognition memory than did logical appeals. Further, we found significant interaction effects between message appeal and coping style on risk perception. When message appeals were emotional, monitors perceived a higher risk and probability of risk occurrence than did blunters; however, when message appeals were logical, this difference between monitors and blunters disappeared. The findings suggest that (a) emotional appeals should be included in risk communication and (b) coping styles should be considered in effective risk communication.

The Logic of Affect

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Markwica
Keyword(s):  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Coercive Diplomacy ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Action ◽  
Action Model

Chapter 2 develops the logic of affect, or emotional choice theory, as an alternative action model besides the traditional logics of consequences and appropriateness. Drawing on research in psychology and sociology, the model captures not only the social nature of emotions but also their bodily and dynamic character. It posits that the interplay between identities, norms, and five key emotions—fear, anger, hope, pride, and humiliation—can shape decision-making in profound ways. The chapter derives a series of propositions how these five key emotions tend to influence the choice behavior of political leaders whose countries are targeted by coercive diplomacy. These propositions specify the affective conditions under which target leaders are likely to accept or reject a coercer’s demands. Even when emotions produce powerful impulses, humans will not necessarily act on them, however. The chapter thus also incorporates decision-makers’ limited ability to regulate their emotions into the logic of affect.

scholarly journals The effect of risk communication on preventive and protective Behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak: mediating role of risk perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Taghi Heydari ◽  
Leila Zarei ◽  
Ahmad Kalateh Sadati ◽  
Najmeh Moradi ◽  
Maryam Akbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
And Control ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract Background The COVID-19 outbreak is a global pandemic, during which the community preventive and protective behaviors play a crucial role in the containment and control of infection. This study was designed to contribute to the existing knowledge on how risk communication (RC) and risk perception (RP) affect protective and preventive behaviors (PPB) during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods The required data were extracted from a national online survey of Iranian adults aged 15 and older during March 15–19, 2020 (n=3213). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. Results The study findings reveal that RC has direct and indirect positive effects on PB. Furthermore, this study also provides new evidence indicating that RP mediates the relationship between RC and PB and there is a two-way relationship between RC and RP. These interactions may have impact on risk communication strategies which should be adopted during this pandemic. Conclusion The study findings have remarkable implications for informing future communications as well as interventions during this ongoing outbreak and subsequent national risk events.

The Tinder Games: Collective mobile dating app use and gender conforming behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 205015792110050
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sobieraj ◽  
Lee Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Dating Apps ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Gender Specific

Mobile dating apps like Tinder became very popular among young adults, and, in contrast to mobile dating websites, they were designed to create a more game-like experience. While it is well documented that seeking entertainment is one core motivation for mobile dating app use, the social nature of entertainment has garnered less attention. Therefore, in this paper we draw on research on entertainment in dating apps and the socio-physical contexts of use to identify patterned behaviors of heterosexual users. To do this, we employed a qualitative multi-phase research approach. First, we conducted 20 interviews with mobile dating app users. Based on the findings from that study, we conducted gender-specific focus groups and a discourse analysis to explore the social phenomena identified in phase one. Our findings suggest the fun of mobile dating is not just interacting with potential matches through the apps, but the use of the apps among one’s friends. These “dating games” are entertaining, but importantly mitigate potential social or physical risks of mobile dating. Unsurprisingly, notions of “play” across the interview, focus group, and discourse analyses reflect highly gendered practices surrounding mobile dating apps and different risks associated with such games.

scholarly journals Boundaries of solidarity: a meta-ethnography of mask use during past epidemics to inform SARS-CoV-2 suppression

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e004068
Author(s):  
Po Man Tsang ◽  
Audrey Prost
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Collective Levels ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
The Usa

BackgroundMany countries aiming to suppress SARS-CoV-2 recommend the use of face masks by the general public. The social meanings attached to masks may influence their use, but remain underinvestigated.MethodsWe systematically searched eight databases for studies containing qualitative data on public mask use during past epidemics, and used meta-ethnography to explore their social meanings. We compared key concepts within and across studies, then jointly wrote a critical synthesis.ResultsWe found nine studies from China (n=5), Japan (n=1), Mexico (n=1), South Africa (n=1) and the USA (n=1). All studies describing routine mask use during epidemics were from East Asia. Participants identified masks as symbols of solidarity, civic responsibility and an allegiance to science. This effect was amplified by heightened risk perception (eg, during SARS in 2003), and by seeing masks on political leaders and in outdoor public spaces. Masks also acted as containment devices to manage threats to identity at personal and collective levels. In China and Japan, public and corporate campaigns framed routine mask use as individual responsibility for disease prevention in return for state- or corporate-sponsored healthcare access. In most studies, mask use waned as risk perception fell. In contexts where masks were mostly worn by patients with specific diseases (eg, for patients with tuberculosis in South Africa), or when trust in government was low (eg, during H1N1 in Mexico), participants described masks as stigmatising, uncomfortable or oppressive.ConclusionFace masks can take on positive social meanings linked to solidarity and altruism during epidemics. Unfortunately, these positive meanings can fail to take hold when risk perception falls, rules are seen as complex or unfair, and trust in government is low. At such times, ensuring continued use is likely to require additional efforts to promote locally appropriate positive social meanings, simplifying rules for use and ensuring fair enforcement.

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