A Decision Support System for Capturing CNC Operator Knowledge

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wikan Sakarinto ◽  
◽  
Hiroshi Narazaki ◽  
Keiichi Shirase
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Product Data ◽  
Know How ◽  
Milling Operations ◽  
Data Assessment ◽  
Computer Aided

The main job of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) operators is to capture and use knowledge to assess product data. CNC operators assess Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) files before proceeding to CNC machining processes. Decision Support Systems (DSS), for these operators, is provided by Expert Systems (ES) designed to manage and learn intelligently from previous data and information and produce recommended actions and decisions. The purpose of the DSS is (i) to assist inexperienced operators in assessment using stored know-how of experienced operators and to collect additional knowledge in interaction between the DSS and experienced operators during semiautomatic assessment, and (ii) to present collected knowledge to users based on contexts or constraints the user must deal with in product data assessment. After outlining the DSS, the discussion is about its usefulness in dealing information and knowledge discrepancies between CAM and CNC operators - an important problem in practice that has been rather neglected so far - focusing on CNC milling operations.

scholarly journals An Overview of process CNC Machining

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 029-033
Author(s):  
Herick Henci Agrisa
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Cnc Machines ◽  
Computer Aided

This paper discusses the pre and process of running a computer numerical control machine (CNC) using computer-aided design (CAD) software commonly used to design products to be produced and computer-aided manufacture (CAM) software used to control machines during the manufacturing process. Some types of CNC machines in general, namely CNC lathe machine and CNC milling machine. The history of the development of the CNC Machine was begun in 1952 by John Pearseon of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on behalf of the United States Air Force, which aims to make complicated special workpieces. In addition, this paper also discusses the basic numerical code types used in CNC machines.

A Knowledge-Based Model for Capturing and Managing the Knowledge of CNC Operators for Integrating CAM-CNC Operation

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wikan Sakarinto ◽  
◽  
Hiroshi Narazaki ◽  
Keiichi Shirase ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Product Data ◽  
Know How ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Milling Operations

This study is aimed at filling the gap between CAM and CNC operations. The problem is important in practice but has been rarely addressed in the resarch community. In practice, the machining parameters designed by a CAM operator are not always applicable to the machining process by a CNC operator due to several reasons such as tool wear, in-availability, inefficiency, etc. This is mainly due to the discrepancy of knowledge between CAM and CNC operators. To deal with this situation, this study proposes a knowledgebased model for capturing the know-how of CNC operators in the assessment of the product data (CAM files) produced by CAM operators. The assessment determines whether the designed machining parameters are appropriate or not before proceeding further to the machining process. This assessment is the main process where the know-how of a CNC operator is actualized. Based on the data extracted from CAM files, this study discusses a method that captures the knowledge of CNC operators in the process of an assessment. In this work, the discussion is focused on common CNC milling operations.

One Touch Workpiece Verification System for CNC Machining Using a Low-Cost Computer Vision Approach

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell K. Micali ◽  
Hayley M. Cashdollar ◽  
Zachary T. Gima ◽  
Mitchell T. Westwood
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Potential Operator ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Operator Error ◽  
Verification System ◽  
Milling Machines

While CNC programmers have powerful tools to develop optimized toolpaths and machining plans, these efforts can be wholly undermined by something as simple as human operator error during fixturing. This project addresses that potential operator error with a computer vision approach to provide coarse, closed-loop control between fixturing and machining processes. Prior to starting the machining cycle, a sensor suite detects the geometry that is currently fixtured using computer vision algorithms and compare this geometry to a CAD reference. If the detected and reference geometries are not similar, the machining cycle will not start, and an alarm will be raised. The outcome of this project is the proof of concept of a low-cost, machine/controller agnostic solution that is applied to CNC milling machines. The Workpiece Verification System (WVS) prototype implemented in this work cost a total of $100 to build, and all of the processing is performed on the self-contained platform. This solution has additional applications beyond milling that the authors are exploring.

Principles of Computer Numerical Control Applied to Small Research Animal Surgical Procedures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Rynes ◽  
Leila Ghanbari ◽  
Jay Jia Hu ◽  
Daniel Sousa Schulman ◽  
Gregory Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Surface Profiling ◽  
Cnc Milling Machine ◽  
Milling Operations ◽  
Tissue Removal ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Cranial Implants ◽  
Tools And Techniques

The tools and techniques available for systems neuroscientists for neural recording and stimulation during behavior have become plentiful in the last decade. The tools for implementing these techniques in vivo, however, have not advanced respectively. The use of these techniques requires the removal of sections of skull tissue without damaging the underlying tissue, which is a very delicate procedure requiring significant training. Automating a part of the tissue removal processes would potentially enable more precise procedures to be performed, and it could democratize these procedres for widespread adoption by neuroscience lab groups. Here, we describe the ‘Craniobot’, a microsurgery platform that combines automated skull surface profiling with a computer numerical controlled (CNC) milling machine to perform a variety of microsurgical procedures in mice. Surface profiling by the Craniobot has micrometer precision, and the surface profiling information can be used to perform milling operations with relatively quick, allowing high throughput. We have used the Craniobot to perform skull thinning, small to large craniotomies, as well as drilling pilot holes for anchoring cranial implants. The Craniobot is implemented using open source and customizable machining practices and can be built with of the shelf parts for under $1000.

scholarly journals Machine Actuated Craft

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jonathan William Murdoch
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Design Representation ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Simple Movement ◽  
Aided Design

<p>Throughout history the use of scale representations has been important in the process of creating architecture. In recent times the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) has significantly altered traditional methods of conceptual design representation, mainly through a shift from the physical to the virtual. The aim of the research is to explore the relationship between computer aided manufacturing (CAM) and the methods for extracting and producing qualities of a conceptual nature from computer and numerically controlled (CNC) machine, and how this could advance conceptual creativity formulating in buildable form. The qualities that are inherently produced by CNC machining processes are then captured back into the three-dimensional environment (CAD), and then re-exported via CNC machining. The information that flows from the digital to the physical and then back again, creates new physical qualities that would not normally be produced, and allows for further investigation. Through the misrepresentation and reinterpretation of machine processes in this research, the output produces an object of an abstract nature created through identifying extraordinary expressions of tool paths. This 1:1 abstract object expresses qualities of craft produced by the CNC machine and creates a new form of craft that can be compared to the expression of the traditional craftsman and their trade. This simple movement between scales and formats begins to generate new design processes that in turn translate the conceptual expression of the object into a buildable form. On final completion of the object this project has proven that CAM conceptual creativity can be translated and formulated into built form. A key observation of this research is that identifying CAM production techniques can produce abstract representation through a new means of design representation.</p>

scholarly journals Digital twin control of multi-axis wood CNC machining center based on LinuxCNC

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1115-1130
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Rakic ◽  
Sasa Zivanovic ◽  
Zoran Dimic ◽  
Mladen Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Programming System ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Machining Center ◽  
Computer Aided

This paper presents an application of an open architecture control system implemented on a multi-axis wood computer numerical control milling machining center, as a digital twin control. The development of the digital twin control system was motivated by research and educational requirements, especially in the field of configuring a new control system by “virtual commissioning”, enabling the validation of the developed controls, program verification, and analysis of the machining process and monitoring. The considered wood computer numerical control (CNC) machining system is supported by an equivalent virtual machine in a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) environment, as well as in the control system, as a digital twin. The configured virtual machines are used for the verification of the machining program and programming system via machining simulation, which is extremely important in multi-axis machining. Several test wood workpieces were machined to validate the effectiveness of the developed control system based on LinuxCNC.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Implant Surgical Guides Fabricated Using Computer Numerical Control Milling for Edentulous Jaws: A Pilot Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyou Chai ◽  
Xiaoqian Liu ◽  
Ramona Schweyen ◽  
Jürgen Setz ◽  
Shaoxia Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Computer Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Implant Position ◽  
Surgical Guides ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Edentulous Jaws

Abstract Background To evaluate the accuracy of a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) surgical guide for implant placement in edentulous jaws. Methods Nine patients with twelve edentulous jaws seeking implants were recruited. Radiographic guides with diagnostic templates were fabricated from try-in waxup dentures. Planning software (Organical® Dental Implant, Berlin, Germany) was used to virtually design the implant positions, and the radiographic templates were converted into surgical guides using computer numerical control (CNC) milling. Following the guided implant surgery protocol, forty-four implants were placed into twelve edentulous jaws. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were performed post-operatively for each jaw, and the deviations between the planned and actual implant positions were measured. Results All 44 implants survived, and no severe haematomas, nerve injuries or unexpected sinus perforations occurred. The mean three dimensional linear deviation of implant position between virtual planning and actual placement was 1.53 ± 0.48 mm at the implant neck and 1.58 ± 0.4 mm at the apex. The angular deviation was 3.96 ± 3.05 degrees. The mean deviation between virtual and actual implant position was significantly smaller in the maxilla than in the mandible. No significant differences were found in the deviation of implant position between cases with and without anchor pins. Conclusions The guides fabricated using the CAD-CAM CNC milling technique provided comparable accuracy as those fabricated by Stereolithography. The displacement of the guides on edentulous arch might be the main contributing factor of deviation. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-ONC-17014159

Computing the Global Visibility Map Using Slice Geometry for Setup Planning

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyu Hou ◽  
Matthew C. Frank
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Setup Planning ◽  
Visibility Map ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
Milling Machines ◽  
Hard Problems ◽  
Rotation Map

This paper introduces a new method that uses slice geometry to compute the global visibility map (GVM). Global visibility mapping is a fundamentally important process that extracts geometric information about an object, which can be used to solve hard problems, for example, setup and process planning in computer numerical control (CNC) machining. In this work, we present a method for creating the GVM from slice data of polyhedron models, and then show how it can help determine around which axis of rotation a part can be machined. There have been various methods of calculating the GVM to date, tracing back to the well-known seminal methods that use Gaussian mapping. Compared to the considerable amount of work in this field, the proposed method has an advantage of starting from feature-free models like stereolithography (STL) files and has adjustable resolution. Moreover, since it is built upon slicing the model, the method is embarrassingly parallelizable in nature, thus suitable for high-performance computing. Using the GVM obtained by this method, we generate an axis of rotation map to facilitate the setup planning for four-axis CNC milling machines as one implementation example.

scholarly journals Reducing the Risks during the Purchase of Five-Axis CNC Machining Centers Using AHP Method and Fuzzy Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian-Ionel Cioca ◽  
Radu-Eugen Breaz ◽  
Sever-Gabriel Racz
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Systems ◽  
Setup Time ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Numerical Control Machining ◽  
Five Axis ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Nowadays, companies are in the process of renewing their manufacturing lines by equipping them with modern five-axis CNC (computer numerical control) machining centers. The decision to select between different five-axis CNC machining centers, with similar technological capabilities is a difficult process, so the main goal of this work was to develop a method for assisting it. The proposed approach relies on seven technical criteria, four quantitative ones (traverse speed, thrust, spindle power, and spindle speed) which can be expressed by crisp numerical values, while the other three (flexibility, operation easiness, and setup time) are qualitative ones. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used for ordering four variants of five-axis CNC milling machining centers. The qualitative criteria were processed using fuzzy systems to be expressed by crisp numerical values, suitable for AHP. Finally, the four variants of five-axis CNC milling machining centers were hierarchized and the best one was chosen. A sensitivity analysis was also unfolded to certify the robustness of the AHP.

Application of Automated Context-Based DSS for Determining CNC Machining Parameter

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-774
Author(s):  
Wikan Sakarinto ◽  
◽  
Setyawan Bekti Wibowo ◽  
Hiroshi Narazaki ◽  
Keiichi Shirase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Milling Operations ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
To Come ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Use Of Knowledge ◽  
Machining Parameter

This paper describes the implementation of proposed KBS automatically aware of context or constraints in which the user has to deal with to come up with intelligent DSS. Context is a fundamental information resource that has to do closely with the use of knowledge. The proposedKBS is equipped with the Expert System (ES) providing Decision Support System (DSS), aimed for realizing effective utilization of captured CNC operator knowledge when they assess machining parameters within product data. The newest module in the proposed KBS is equipped with automated contextbased DSS constructed from incoming task restraints and other related machining aspects, such as machining parameter values, cutting tool, workpiece material, etc. In this work, the discussions are focussing on CNC milling operations. According to the implementation result, CNC operators have shown enhanced accuracy on defining machining parameter values with respect to specific constraints.

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