scholarly journals Behavior of Copper, Nickel, Cadmium and Mercury Ions in Anode Chamber of Microbial Fuel Cells

2018 ◽  
pp. 3050-3062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruizhe Gai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Anode Chamber ◽  
Mercury Ions ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Nickel Cadmium

scholarly journals Using Shewanella Oneidensis MR1 as a Biocatalyst in a Microscale Microbial Fuel Cell

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Sasan Ghobadian ◽  
Reza Montazami ◽  
Nastaran Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Shewanella Oneidensis ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Anode Chamber

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is a promising area in the field of renewable energy because of their capability to use the energy contained in wastewater, which has been previously an untapped source of power. Microscale MFCs are desirable for their small footprints, relatively high power density, fast start-up, and environmentally-friendly process. Microbial fuel cells employ microorganisms as the biocatalysts instead of metal catalysts, which are widely applied in conventional fuel cells. MFCs are capable of generating electricity as long as nutrition is provided. Miniature MFCs have faster power generation recovery than macroscale MFCs. Additionally, since power generation density is affected by the surface-to-volume ratio, miniature MFCs can facilitate higher power density. We have designed and fabricated a microscale microbial fuel cell with a volume of 4 μL in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chamber. The anode and cathode chambers were separated by a proton exchange membrane. Carbon cloth was used for both the anode and the cathode. Shewanella Oneidensis MR-1 was chosen to be the electrogenic bacteria and was inoculated into the anode chamber. We employed Ferricyanide as the catholyte and introduced it into the cathode chamber with a constant flow rate of approximately 50 μL/hr. We used trypticase soy broth as the bacterial nutrition and added it into the anode chamber approximately every 15 hours once current dropped to base current. Using our miniature MFC, we were able to generate a maximum current of 4.62 μA.

Microbial diversity and population dynamics of activated sludge microbial communities participating in electricity generation in microbial fuel cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2195-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ki ◽  
J. Park ◽  
J. Lee ◽  
K. Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Anode Chamber

In this study, we performed microbial community analysis to examine microbial diversity and community structure in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) seeded with activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant in South Korea. Because anode-attached biofilm populations are particularly important in electricity transfer, the ecological characteristics of anode-attached biofilm microbes were explored and compared with those of microbes grown in suspension in an anode chamber. 16S rDNA-based community analysis showed that the degree of diversity in anode-attached biofilms was greater than that of the originally seeded activated sludge as well as that of the suspension-grown microbes in the anode bottle. In addition, Bacteroidetes and Clostridia grew preferentially during MFC electricity generation. Further phylogenetic analysis revealed that the anode biofilm populations described in this work are phylogenetically distant from previously characterized MFC anode biofilm microbes. These findings suggest that a phylogenetically diverse set of microbes can be involved in the electricity generation of MFC anode compartments, and that increased microbial diversity in anode biofilms may help to stabilize electricity production in the MFC.

scholarly journals The Effect of Increasing Surface Area of Graphite Electrode on the Performance of Dual Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Pedy Artsanti ◽  
Sudarlin Sudarlin ◽  
Eka Fadzillah Kirana
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Graphite Electrode ◽  
Salt Bridge ◽  
Anode Chamber ◽  
Dual Chamber ◽  
Real Wastewater

The effect of increasing surface area of graphite electrode on the performance of dual chamber Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) was observed. The surface area of graphite electrode (anode and cathode) that was using in this experiment was 29.5cm2 and 44.5cm2 for the A and B reactor, respectively. The anode chamber contained mixed microorganism culture from real wastewater of textile industry and the cathode chamber contained 0.1M potassium permanganate electrolyte solution. The salt bridge was required to stabilize the charge between the anode and cathode chambers, and the electrodes attached to the anode and cathode chambers as the electron catcher. Both, the A and B reactor were observed for 72 hours of running time. The voltage and power density were found to increase with the increase in surface area of the graphite electrode. The highest power density was 93.93mWm-2 and 197.23mWm-2 that obtained at 36 hours and 48 hours on the A and B reactor, respectively. At the end of experiment, these MFCs system could also reduce COD by 28.6% and 15.6% on A and B reactor, respectively.

scholarly journals Laccase Immobilization Strategies for Application as a Cathode Catalyst in Microbial Fuel Cells for Azo Dye Decolourization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyadharshini Mani ◽  
V. T. Fidal ◽  
Taj Keshavarz ◽  
T. S. Chandra ◽  
Godfrey Kyazze
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Shewanella Oneidensis ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Anode Chamber ◽  
Acid Orange 7 ◽  
Dye Decolourization ◽  
Freely Suspended

Enzymatic biocathodes have the potential to replace platinum as an expensive catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). However, enzymes are fragile and prone to loss of activity with time. This could be circumvented by using suitable immobilization techniques to maintain the activity and increase longevity of the enzyme. In the present study, laccase from Trametes versicolor was immobilized using three different approaches, i.e., crosslinking with electropolymerized polyaniline (PANI), entrapment in copper alginate beads (Cu-Alg), and encapsulation in Nafion micelles (Nafion), in the absence of redox mediators. These laccase systems were employed in cathode chambers of MFCs for decolourization of Acid orange 7 (AO7) dye. The biocatalyst in the anode chamber was Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 in each case. The enzyme in the immobilized states was compared with freely suspended enzyme with respect to dye decolourization at the cathode, enzyme activity retention, power production, and reusability. PANI laccase showed the highest stability and activity, producing a power density of 38 ± 1.7 mW m−2 compared to 25.6 ± 2.1 mW m−2 for Nafion laccase, 14.7 ± 1.04 mW m−2 for Cu-Alg laccase, and 28 ± 0.98 mW m−2 for the freely suspended enzyme. There was 81% enzyme activity retained after 1 cycle (5 days) for PANI laccase compared to 69% for Nafion and 61.5% activity for Cu-alginate laccase and 23.8% activity retention for the freely suspended laccase compared to initial activity. The dye decolourization was highest for freely suspended enzyme with over 85% decolourization whereas for PANI it was 75.6%, Nafion 73%, and 81% Cu-alginate systems, respectively. All the immobilized laccase systems were reusable for two more cycles. The current study explores the potential of laccase immobilized biocathode for dye decolourization in a microbial fuel cell.

scholarly journals Influence of Humidity on Performance of Single Chamber Air-Cathode Microbial Fuel Cells with Different Separators

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Mungyu Lee ◽  
Sanath Kondaveeti ◽  
Taeyeon Jeon ◽  
Inhae Kim ◽  
Booki Min
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Cyclic Voltammogram ◽  
Anode Chamber ◽  
Air Cathode ◽  
Reduction Reactions ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reactions ◽  
Anodic Reactions

The maximum performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is significantly affected by the reduction reactions in the cathode, but their optimum condition is not fully understood yet. The air-cathode MFC operations with different separators (Nafion 117 and polypropylene (PP80) were evaluated at various relative humidity (RH) at the cathode chamber. Air cathode MFCs with a Nafion 117 separator at RH of 90 ± 2% produced the highest cell voltage of 0.35 V (600 Ω) and power density of 116 mW/m2. With a PP80 separator, the maximum power generation of 381 mW/m2 was obtained at a relatively lower RH of 30 ± 2%. The cyclic voltammogram and Tafel analysis indicated that the best performance of cathodic oxygen reduction reactions could be observed at 90% RH for Nafion and 50% RH for the PP80 separator. Additionally, the RH conditions also affected the anodic reactions and oxygen mass transfer rates to the anode chamber through the cathode and separators. This study suggests that the optimum RH condition at the cathode is important in order to obtain a high performance of MFC operations and needs to be controlled at different optimum levels depending on the characteristics of the separators.

scholarly journals Bioenergy Potential of Albumin, Acetic Acid, Sucrose, and Blood in Microbial Fuel Cells Treating Synthetic Wastewater

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1289
Author(s):  
Madiha Tariq ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Zulfiqar Ahmad Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Adeel Jalal Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Anode Chamber ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Voltage Generation

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a recent biotechnology that can simultaneously produce electricity and treat wastewater. As the nature of industrial wastewater is very complex, and it may contain a variety of substrates—such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, etc.—previous investigations dealt with treatment of individual pollutants in MFCs; the potential of acetic acid, sucrose, albumin, blood, and their mixture has rarely been reported. Hence, the current investigation explored the contribution of each substrate, both separately and in mixture. The voltage generation potential, current, and power density of five different substrates—namely, acetic acid, sucrose, albumin, blood, and a mixture of all of the substrates—was tested in a dual-chambered, anaerobic MFC operated at 35 °C. The reaction time of the anaerobic batch mode MFC was 24 h, and each substrate was treated for 7 runs under the same conditions. The dual-chambered MFC consisted of anode and cathode chambers; the anode chamber contained the biocatalyst (sludge), while the cathode chamber contained the oxidizing material (KMnO4). The maximum voltage of 769 mV was generated by acetic acid, while its corresponding values of current and power density were 7.69 mA and 347.85 mW, respectively. Similarly, being a simple and readily oxidizable substrate, acetic acid exhibited the highest COD removal efficiency (85%) and highest Coulombic efficiency (72%) per run. The anode accepted the highest number of electrons (0.078 mmol/L) when acetic acid was used as a substrate. The voltage, current, and power density generated were found to be directly proportional to COD concentration. The least voltage (61 mV), current (0.61 mA), and power density (2.18 mW) were observed when blood was treated in the MFC. Further research should be focused on testing the interaction of two or more substrates simultaneously in the MFC.

COD Removal and Electricity Generation From Domestic Wastewater Using Different Anode Materials in Microbial Fuel Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
G. Shyamala ◽  
N. Saravanakumar ◽  
E. Vamsi Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Salt Bridge ◽  
Anode Chamber ◽  
Cathode Chamber

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) set a new trend of converting chemical energy or bio energy to electricity from wastewater (domestic and industries) at the same time removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the wastewater. Electrical energy generated from microbial fuel cell could be used for small electrical device example biosensors. The main components of MFCs are the anode, and the cathode salt bridge. It contains an anode chamber and a cathode chamber which separate electrodes for the production of electricity, using wastewater in an anaerobic chamber helps grow native microorganisms. Adding substrates increases productivity of the electrons that are moving from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber by help of the salt bridge. Bioreactors based on power generation in MFCs are a new approach to wastewater treatment. Power generation and current is modulated in this system. If it is optimised, MFCs would prove to be new method to offset wastewater treatment plant operating costs.

Effect of PH on the Performance of the Anode in Microbial Fuel Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 884-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
En Ren Zhang ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Ying Ying Cui
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Anode Chamber ◽  
High Current ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
Proton Production ◽  
Organic Fuels ◽  
Neutral Conditions

Microbial fuel cells with microbial brush anode and ferricyanide-cathode which could discharge at current up to 350 mA were constructed, and the effect of anodic pH on the performance of the microbial anode was investigated in the present study. Anodic pH was found to decrease significantly， from 6.23 to 4.35, when the MFC was operated to discharge at high current levels, which in turn reduced the performance of the microbial anode. No obvious pH change was observed during MFC discharge at lower current level (~12 mA), meaning that proton production is mainly related to the electrochemical oxidization of the organic fuels, rather than to the microbial degradation in the anode chamber. Results presented herein indicate that effective approach should be employed to control the anodic pH close to neutral conditions when optimizing the power output of microbial fuel cells, especially at high discharge current.

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