scholarly journals Iodine levels are associated with oxidative stress and antioxidant status in pregnant women with hypertensive disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Cuellar-Rufino ◽  
Mónica Navarro-Meza ◽  
Pablo García-Solís ◽  
Irene Xochihua-Rosas ◽  
Omar Arroyo-Helguera
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Hypertensive Disease ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Sod Activity

Background: Previously has been reported the antioxidant function of iodine, and iodine deficiency as a risk factor of preeclampsia.Aim: We analyze the association between iodine deficiency, oxidative stress and antioxidant status with hypertensive disease of pregnancy (HPD).Method: 57 pregnant women were recruited in the last trimester of pregnancy, 20 diagnosed with hypertensive disease of pregnancy and 37 normotensive pregnant women. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), TSH, free T4 (fT4), total antioxidant status (FRP), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and oxidative stress (TBARS) were evaluated by colorimetric methods.Results: UIC median for all pregnant women was of 151.9 µg / L. The UIC median for pregnant women with HPD was between 50-149 µg/L compared to 150-249 µg/L in normotensive women. No significant changes were found in levels of TSH and fT4 in normotensive pregnant compared with HPD women. Pregnant women with HPD had significant high levels of TBARS, and significant low levels of FRP, SOD, CAT and UIC compared to normotensive pregnant. In addition, pregnant women with optimal levels of UIC had a higher SOD activity (R = 0.354, P = 0.011), while iodine deficiency was associated with HPD (R = -0,281, p = 0.039). Similarly, pregnant with HPD had a significant negative association with SOD activity (R = -0,702, p = 0.005), CAT (R = -0,409, p = 0.002), and FRP (R = -0,624, p = 0.003), and a positive association with TBARS (R = 0.744, p = 0.001).Conclusion: iodine contributes to REDOX balance during pregnancy; its deficiency is associated with HPD. This study shows the importance of iodine during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Iodine and Thyroid Function Status, and Anti-thyroid Peroxidase Antibody among Pregnant Women in Eastern Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Narayan Chaudhary ◽  
Saroj Khatiwada ◽  
Basanta Gelal ◽  
Sharad Gautam ◽  
Madhab Lamsal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody

Background: Iodine deficiency, thyroid dysfunction and development of thyroid autoimmunity during pregnancy may affect mother and the developing fetus. This study was carried out to find iodine status, thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity among pregnant women.Methods: Ninety two pregnant women from three districts of eastern Nepal (Sunsari, Morang and Jhapa) were enrolled for the study, and urine and blood samples were collected. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), free thyroxine (free T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody levels were estimated.Results: The median UIC, mean free T4 and TSH, median thyroglobulin and anti-TPO antibody in the pregnant women were 282.2 (158.42-376) μg/L, 1.14±0.41 ng/dL, 4.57±2.56 IU/mL, 6.5 (4.0-11.0) ng/mL, 1.52 (0.97-2.23) IU/mL respectively. In sufficient (<150 μg/L), adequate (150-249 μg/L) and above requirements (250-499 μg/L) iodine intake was observed in 17 (18.5%), 22 (23.9%) and 53 (57.6%) women respectively. Subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism were seen in 18 (19.5%) and 1(1.1%) women, respectively. Elevated thyroglobulin (>40 ng/mL) and positive anti-TPO antibody was observed in three (3.26%) women for both.Conclusions: Iodine intake was sufficient among pregnant women recently, however, chronic iodine deficiency persisted in small fraction of pregnant women. Mild thyroid dysfunction was common, and thyroid autoimmunity was present in small portion of Nepalese pregnant women population.Keywords: Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody; Iodine deficiency; Nepal; pregnant women; thyroid dysfunction.

scholarly journals High Iodine Deficiency among Pregnant Women in Periurban Ghana: A Hospital-Based Longitudinal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
David Larbi Simpong ◽  
Yaw Asante Awuku ◽  
Kenneth Kwame Kye-Amoah ◽  
Martin Tangnaa Morna ◽  
Prince Adoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Iodine Sufficiency

Background. Iodine deficiency causes maternal hypothyroidism which can lead to growth, cognitive, and psychomotor deficit in neonates, infants, and children. This study examined the iodine status of pregnant women in a periurban setting in Ghana. Methods. This longitudinal study recruited 125 pregnant women by purposeful convenience sampling from the antenatal clinic of the Sefwi Wiawso municipal hospital in Ghana. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was estimated by the ammonium persulfate method at an estimated gestational age (EGA) of 11, 20, and 32 weeks. Demographic information, iodized salt usage, and other clinical information were collected using a questionnaire. Results. The prevalence of iodine deficiency among the pregnant women was 47.2% at EGA 11 and 60.8% at both EGA of 20 and 32, whereas only 0.8% of participants not using iodized salt had iodine sufficiency at EGA 32. 18.4%, 20%, and 24% of participants using iodized salt had iodine sufficiency at EGA 11, 20, and 32, respectively. Conclusion. A high prevalence of iodine deficiency was observed among our study cohort.

scholarly journals Iodine Intake and Thyroid Function in Pregnant Women in a Private Clinical Practice in Northwestern Sydney before Mandatory Fortification of Bread with Iodised Salt

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Blumenthal ◽  
Karen Byth ◽  
Creswell J. Eastman
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aim. The primary objective of the study was to assess the iodine nutritional status, and its effect on thyroid function, of pregnant women in a private obstetrical practice in Sydney.Methods. It was a cross-sectional study undertaken between November 2007 and March 2009. Blood samples were taken from 367 women at their first antenatal visit between 7 and 11 weeks gestation for measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels and spot urine samples for urinary iodine excretion were taken at the same time as blood collection.Results. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) for all women was 81 μg/l (interquartile range 41–169 μg/l). 71.9% of the women exhibited a UIC of <150 μg/l. 26% of the women had a UIC <50 μg/l, and 12% had a UIC <20 μg/l. The only detectable influences on UIC were daily milk intake and pregnancy supplements. There was no statistically significant association between UIC and thyroid function and no evidence for an effect of iodine intake on thyroid function.Conclusions. There is a high prevalence of mild to moderate iodine deficiency in women in Western Sydney but no evidence for a significant adverse effect on thyroid function. The 6.5% prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is unlikely to be due to iodine deficiency.

scholarly journals Subclinical Iodine Deficiency among Pregnant Women in Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haji Kedir ◽  
Yemane Berhane ◽  
Alemayehu Worku
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Iodine Deficiency In Pregnancy ◽  
Haramaya District

Background.Iodine deficiency in pregnancy is a worldwide problem. This study aimed to assess prevalence and predictors of subclinical iodine deficiency among pregnant women in Haramaya district, eastern Ethiopia.Methods.A cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted on 435 pregnant women existing in ten randomly selected rural kebeles (kebele is the smallest administrative unit in Ethiopia). Data on the study subjects’ background characteristics, dietary habits, and gynecological/obstetric histories were collected via a structured questionnaire. UIC of <150 μg/L defined subclinical iodine deficiency. Data were analyzed by Stata 11. A multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of subclinical iodine deficiency.Results.The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) was 58.1 μg/L and 82.8% of the women who had subclinical iodine deficiency. The risk of subclinical iodine deficiency was reduced by the use of iodized salt (AOR = 0.13) and by intake of milk twice a month or more (AOR = 0.50), but it was increased by maternal illiteracy (AOR = 3.52).Conclusion.Iodine nutritional status of the pregnant women was poor. This shows that women and their children are exposed to iodine deficiency and its adverse effects. Thus, they need urgent supplementation with iodine and improved access to and intake of iodized salt and milk during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Association of Iodine-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours with Urinary Iodine Excretion in Pregnant Women with Mild Iodine Deficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyuan Wang ◽  
Yiwen Wu ◽  
Zehuan Shi ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
Guoquan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third

Abstract Background: China’s universal salt-iodization program has all but eliminated iodine deficiency disorders. Concern has shifted to mild iodine deficiency. Our study examined factors with the potential to predict mild iodine deficiency in pregnant women. Methods: A total of 2 400 pregnant women were enrolled using a multistage, stratified, random-sampling method. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, a standardized questionnaire, an iodine-related knowledge questionnaire, urine samples, and household cooking salt samples. Results: The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) was 148.0 μg/L for all participants, and 155.0 μg/L, 151.0 μg/L, and 139.6 μg/L in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. The third trimester’s MUIC was significantly lower than that of the first trimester, and the usage rates of iodized salt and qualified-iodized salt were 71.5% and 59.4%, respectively. Iodine-related knowledge was significantly different between the high and low UIC groups. Participants’ MUIC increased significantly with increases in iodine-related knowledge. The third trimester was a significant risk factor for high UIC, whereas abundant iodine-related knowledge, study the dietary knowledge urgently, and consumption of iodine-rich food within 48 hours of a urine iodine test were significant protective factors for high UIC (P<0.05). Conclusions: Iodine levels are adequate among pregnant women in Shanghai during the first and second trimesters, but insufficient in the third trimester. The use of iodized cooking salt does not determine the iodine status of pregnant women. Abundant iodine-related knowledge is important for pregnant women in the third trimester to maintain adequate urinary iodine.

scholarly journals Indicators of Iodine Status in Pregnancy and Postpartum in a Group of Pregnant Women from Perimarine Area of Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Scrinic Olesea ◽  
Delia Corina Elena ◽  
Toma Geanina Mirela ◽  
Circo Eduard
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objective: Assessment of iodine nutritional status in pregnant women in the perimarine area of Romania, a region without iodine deficiency. Adequate iodine intake is the main source for normal thyroid function, ensuring the need for maternal thyroid hormones during pregnancy, but also for the development and growth of children in the fetal and postpartum period. Material and method: Prospective study performed on 74 pregnant women in the first 2 trimesters of pregnancy, originating from the perimarin area. The following indicators of iodine status were analyzed: urinary iodine concentration (UIC), the ratio between urinary iodine concentration and urinary creatinine (UIC/UCr), the prevalence of maternal goiter and the value of neonatal TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). Results: The mean gestational age was 11 weeks. The ways of iodine intake are: iodized salt - 59.4%, iodized salt and iodine supplements- 23%, only iodine supplements -10.8% and 6.8% consume only non-iodized salt. The median of UIC was 133.03 mcg/l considered insufficient iodine intake (normal in pregnancy UIC >150 mcg/l), but the adjustment of UIC to urinary creatinine reveals a median of 152.83 mcg/g, a value that reflects an adequate iodine intake. The prevalence of goiter was 25.6% characteristic for a moderate iodine deficiency. The prevalence of neonatal TSH >5 mIU/L was registered in 18.8% characteristic of mild iodine deficiency. Conclusions: Monitoring of the iodine nutritional status is recommended for the prevention of disorders due to iodine deficiency under the conditions of universal salt iodization. Perimarine areas considered sufficient in iodine may show variations in iodine status in subpopulations under certain physiological conditions, such as pregnancy. An indicator of iodine status of the population is UIC, but the UIC/UCr ratio may be a more optimal indicator for pregnant women, to avoid possible overestimated results of iodine deficiency in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Women Remain at Risk of Iodine Deficiency during Pregnancy: The Importance of Iodine Supplementation before Conception and Throughout Gestation

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Hynes ◽  
Judy Seal ◽  
Petr Otahal ◽  
Wendy Oddy ◽  
John Burgess
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
The Impact

In Australia, pregnant women are advised to take an iodine supplement (I-supp) (150 µg/day) to reduce risks to the foetus associated with iodine deficiency (ID). To examine the impact of this recommendation on iodine status, and to identify factors that contribute to adequacy during gestation, supplement use and Urinary Iodine Concentration (UIC) was measured in 255 pregnant women (gestation range 6 to 41 weeks) in Tasmania. The median UIC (MUIC) of 133 µg/L (Inter-quartile range 82–233) was indicative of ID, being below the 150–249 µg/L range for adequacy during pregnancy. Women taking an iodine-containing-supplement (I-supp) had a significantly higher MUIC (155 µg/L) (n = 171) compared to the combined MUIC (112.5 µg/L) (n = 84) of those who had never (120 µg/L) (n = 61) or were no longer taking an I-supp (90 µg/L) (n = 23) (p = 0.017). Among women reporting I-supp use, the MUIC of those commencing the recommended 150 µg/day prior to conception was significantly higher than those starting supplementation following pregnancy confirmation: 196 (98–315) µg/L (n = 45) versus 137.5 (82.5–233.5) µg/L (n = 124), p = 0.032. Despite recommendations for iodine supplementation pregnant Tasmanian women remain at risk of ID. Commencing an I-supp of 150 µg/day prior to conception and continuing throughout pregnancy is required to ensure adequacy. Timely advice regarding the importance of adequate iodine nutrition, including supplementation is needed to reduce the risk of irreversible in utero neurocognitive damage to the foetus.

scholarly journals High prevalence of iodine deficiency in pregnant women living in adequate iodine area

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 762-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verônica Carneiro Borges Mioto ◽  
Ana Carolina de Castro Nassif Gomes Monteiro ◽  
Rosalinda Yossie Asato de Camargo ◽  
Andréia Rodrigues Borel ◽  
Regina Maria Catarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Serum Thyroglobulin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Status

Objectives Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is associated with obstetric and neonatal adverse outcomes. Serum thyroglobulin (sTg) and thyroid volume (TV) are optional tools to urinary iodine concentration (UIC) for defining iodine status. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the iodine status of pregnant women living in iodine-adequate area by spot UIC and correlation with sTg, TV and thyroid function. Methods Two hundred and seventy-three pregnant women were evaluated at three trimesters. All had no previous thyroid disease, no iodine supplementation and negative thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies. Thyroid function and sTg were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. TV was determined by ultrasonography; UIC was determined using a modified Sandell–Kolthoff method. Results Median UIC was 146 µg/L, being 52% iodine deficient and only 4% excessive. TSH values were 1.50 ± 0.92, 1.50 ± 0.92 and 1.91 ± 0.96 mIU/L, respectively, in each trimester (P = 0.001). sTg did not change significantly during trimesters with median 11.2 ng/mL and only 3.3% had above 40 ng/mL. Mean TV was 9.3 ± 3.4 mL, which positively correlated with body mass index, but not with sTg. Only 4.5% presented with goitre. When pregnant women were categorized as iodine deficient (UIC < 150 µg/L), adequate (≥150 and <250 µg/L) and excessive (≥250 µg/L), sTg, thyroid hormones and TV at each trimester showed no statistical differences. Conclusions Iodine deficiency was detected frequently in pregnant women living in iodine-adequate area. sTg concentration and TV did not correlate to UIC. Our observation also demonstrated that the Brazilian salt-iodization programme prevents deficiency, but does not maintain iodine status within adequate and recommended ranges for pregnant women.

scholarly journals Iodine deficiency among Belgian pregnant women not fully corrected by iodine-containing multivitamins: a national cross-sectional survey

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (12) ◽  
pp. 2276-2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Vandevijvere ◽  
Sihame Amsalkhir ◽  
Ahmed Bensouda Mourri ◽  
Herman Van Oyen ◽  
Rodrigo Moreno-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Status

Low iodine intake during pregnancy may cause thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women and their newborn. In the present study, iodine status among a nation-wide representative sample of Belgian pregnant women in the first and third trimester of pregnancy was determined, and determinants of iodine status were assessed 1 year after the introduction of bread fortified with iodised salt. The women were selected according to a multistage proportionate-to-size sampling design. Urine samples were collected and a general questionnaire was completed face to face with the study nurse. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among pregnant women (n1311) was 124·1 μg/l and 122·6 μg/g creatinine when corrected for urinary creatinine. The median UIC in the first trimester (118·3 μg/l) was significantly lower than that in the third trimester (131·0 μg/l) but significantly higher than among non-pregnant women (84·8 μg/l). Iodine-containing supplement intake was reported by 60·8 % of the women and 57·4 % of the women took this supplement daily. The risk of iodine deficiency was significantly higher in younger women, in women not taking iodine-containing supplements, with low consumption of milk and dairy drinks and during autumn. Women with a higher BMI had a higher risk of iodine deficiency but the risk was lower in women who reported alcohol consumption. The median UIC during pregnancy indicates iodine deficiency in Belgium and some women are at a higher risk of deficiency. The current low iodine intake in women of childbearing age precludes the correction of iodine deficiency in pregnant women supplemented with multivitamins containing 150 μg iodine as recommended.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Urinary Iodine Concentration for Predicting Iodine Deficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa: First Population Based Study From the Demographic and Health Surveys Data (P10-089-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djibril Ba ◽  
Paddy Ssentongo ◽  
Guodong Liu ◽  
Ping Du ◽  
Xiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Objectives Approximately 2 billion individuals suffer from an insufficient iodine intake, and sub-Saharan Africa is particularly the most affected. We thus conducted a cross-sectional study to assess iodine deficiency status, among women of reproductive age 20–49 years in Tanzania and examine the factors associated with iodine deficiency. Methods The current analysis was based on 3057 women aged 20–49 y who participated the Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys 2015–2016. Iodine status was assessed using urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Iodine deficiency was defined if UIC was less than 100ug/L. A stepwise multivariable logistic regression to identify the factors associated with iodine deficiency. Potential predicators included age, education level, married status, wealth index, having a prenatal doctor and prenatal nurse, currently pregnant, currently breastfeeding, place of residence, employment status, and history of terminated pregnancy. Results The median UIC among pregnant women (median: 129 μg/L; 25th and 75th percentile: 57.8–240), uneducated women (99.0 μg/L; 48.2–201 μg/L), and poor women (92 μg/L; 43.1 -191 μg/L) were below the recommended ranges (≥150 μg/L for pregnant women and ≥100 μg/L for non-pregnant women) by the World Health Organization. Multivariable logistic stepwise regression showed that women were more likely to be iodine deficient if they were pregnant (aOR 1.55 [95% CI 1.11, 2.15], currently breastfeeding (aOR 1.56 [95% CI 1.28, 1.92], poor (aOR 1.75 [95% CI 1.35, 2.26], uneducated (aOR 1.77 [95% CI 1.26, 2.48], and living in the rural area (aOR 1.79 [95% CI 1.37, 2.34]. Unexpectedly, currently employed women also had significantly higher odds of iodine deficient (aOR 1.41 [95% CI 1.10, 1.80], relative to those without employment. Conclusions There is disparity in UIC among of women of reproductive age 20–49 in Tanzania. Poverty and lack of education appeared to be the driving factors for iodine deficiency. High risk of iodine deficient among pregnant and breastfeeding women appeal for action to implement and enforce universal salt iodization among this vulnerable population in Tanzania. Funding Sources There was no external or internal funding to support this study.

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