scholarly journals Agroclimatic zoning of the state of Nayarit, México

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra Mendoza Cariño ◽  
Ana Laura Bautista Olivas ◽  
Daniel Mendoza Cariño ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ortíz Solorio ◽  
Héctor Duarte Tagles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
The State ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Weighted Interpolation

Agriculture productivity in the state of Nayarit has decreased since 1998. The aim of the study was to undertake the agroclimatic zoning across the state in order to determine the type of crops more convenient to render the highest yields, based on Papadakis climate classification system. Hydric and thermal characteristics pertaining to the geographic distribution of crops were used, as well as indexes derived from meteorological data provided by 25 climate stations. There were three climatic groups identified: tropical, subtropical and cold land, having four, three and two subgroups each, respectively. First two climatic groups support winter cereals such as oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereale L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); and summer cereals such as corn (Zea mays L.), millet (Panicum italicum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench); in addition to banana (Musa paradisiaca L.), citrus and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.). On the other hand, corn and potato were found in the cold land climatic group. Based on Papadakis’ methodology, for each climatic sub-group identified, a set of recommendation management were given to improve yields: crop type, sowing season, irrigation, fertilizing and other agrochemicals application; and to avoid crop damage. Agroclimatic zoning map was generated by using the inverse distance weighted interpolation method. This study may contribute to the successful planning of crops across the region and thus improving the state’s economy.

scholarly journals Tree Wind Breaks in Central Asia and Their Effects on Agricultural Water Consumption

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Niels Thevs ◽  
Alina Gombert ◽  
Eva Strenge ◽  
Roland Lleshi ◽  
Kumar Aliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Single Row

Across Central Asia, agriculture largely depends on irrigation due to arid and semi-arid climatic conditions. Water is abstracted from rivers, which are largely fed by glacier melt. In the course of climate change, glaciers melt down so that a reduced glacier volume and reduced water runoffs are expected to be available for irrigation. Tree wind breaks are one option to reduce water consumption in irrigated agriculture and build resilience against climate change. This paper therefore assesses the water consumption of major crops in Kyrgyzstan and adjacent areas, i.e., cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in combination with tree wind breaks. Crop water consumption was assessed through the Penman Monteith approach. Tree wind break types investigated were single rows from poplars (Populus spec.) and multiple rows with understory vegetation by elm (Ulmus minor L.) and poplar, respectively. Tree water consumption was determined through sapflow measurements. The seasonal reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for field crops was 876–995 mm without wind breaks and dropped to less than half through multiple row wind breaks with understory vegetation (50 m spacing). Tree water consumption was 1125–1558 mm for poplar and 435 mm for elm. Among the wind break crop systems, elm wind breaks resulted in the highest reductions of water consumption, followed by single row poplars, at spacing of 50 and 100 m, respectively. However, elm grows much slower than poplar, so poplars might be more attractive for farmers. Furthermore, single row wind breaks might by much easier to be integrated into the agrarian landscape as they consume less space.

Research on Visualization of the Wind Field Streamline Based on GRIB Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 905 ◽  
pp. 533-536
Author(s):  
Yan E. Hou ◽  
Lan Xue Dang ◽  
Yun Feng Kong
Keyword(s):  
Wind Field ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Grid Data ◽  
Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Value Evaluation ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Direction Detection ◽  
Inverse Distance

GRIB code has good features: such as self-description, flexibility and extensibility, and is widely applied in the description, storage and transmission of meteorological data. Wind filed streamline demonstrates the direction and trend of wind to some extent. For visualization of wind field streamline using GRIB Meteorological data, GRIB data are firstly converted into grid data using inverse distance weighted interpolation method, and then this paper proposes an algorithm for determining and tracking the points on streamline by streamline vector value evaluation and direction detection. Finally, the chart of wind field streamline is drawn using real GRIB data. The results have proved that the designed algorithm is feasible and the chart meets the needs of users.

Characterisation of extracellular polysaccharides from suspension cultures of members of the Poaceae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Sims ◽  
K Middleton ◽  
AG Lane ◽  
AJ Cairns ◽  
A Bacic
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Arabinogalactan Protein ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Suspension Cultured Cells

Microscopic examination of suspension-cultured cells of Phleum pratense L., Panicum miliaceum L., Phalaris aquatica L. and Oryza sativa L. showed that they were comprised of numerous root primordia. Polysaccharides secreted by these suspension cultures contained glycosyl linkages consistent with the presence of high proportions of root mucilage-like polysaccharides. In contrast, suspension-cultured cells of Hordeum vulgare L. contained mostly undifferentiated cells more typical of plant cells in suspension culture. The polysaccharides secreted by H. vulgare cultures contained mostly linkages consistent with the presence of glucuronoarabinoxylan. The soluble polymers secreted by cell-suspension cultures of Phleum pratense contained 70% carbohydrate, 14% protein and 6% inorganic material. The extracellular polysaccharides were separated into four fractions by anion-exchange chromatography using a gradient of imidazole-HCl at pH 7.0. From glycosyl-linkage analyses, five polysaccharides were identified: an arabinosylated xyloglucan (comprising 20% of the total polysaccharide), a glucomannan (6%), a type-II arabinogalactan (an arabinogalactan-protein; 7%), an acidic xylan (3%), and a root-slime-like polysaccharide, which contained features of type-II arabinogalactans and glucuronomannans (65%).

Characterisation of extracellular polysaccharides from suspension cultures of members of the Poaceae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Sims ◽  
K Middleton ◽  
AG Lane ◽  
AJ Cairns ◽  
A Bacic
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Arabinogalactan Protein ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Suspension Cultured Cells

Microscopic examination of suspension-cultured cells of Phleum pratense L., Panicum miliaceum L., Phalaris aquatica L. and Oryza sativa L. showed that they were comprised of numerous root primordia. Polysaccharides secreted by these suspension cultures contained glycosyl linkages consistent with the presence of high proportions of root mucilage-like polysaccharides. In contrast, suspension-cultured cells of Hordeum vulgare L. contained mostly undifferentiated cells more typical of plant cells in suspension culture. The polysaccharides secreted by H. vulgare cultures contained mostly linkages consistent with the presence of glucuronoarabinoxylan. The soluble polymers secreted by cell-suspension cultures of Phleum pratense contained 70% carbohydrate, 14% protein and 6% inorganic material. The extracellular polysaccharides were separated into four fractions by anion-exchange chromatography using a gradient of imidazole-HCl at pH 7.0. From glycosyl-linkage analyses, five polysaccharides were identified: an arabinosylated xyloglucan (comprising 20% of the total polysaccharide), a glucomannan (6%), a type-II arabinogalactan (an arabinogalactan-protein; 7%), an acidic xylan (3%), and a root-slime-like polysaccharide, which contained features of type-II arabinogalactans and glucuronomannans (65%).

Nonstaggered APPLE Algorithm for Incompressible Viscous Flow in Curvilinear Coordinates

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Lee ◽  
Y. F. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Heat Conduction Equation ◽  
Continuity Equation ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Curvilinear Coordinates ◽  
Grid System ◽  
Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Incompressible Viscous Flow ◽  
Curvilinear Grid

The NAPPLE algorithm for incompressible viscous flow on Cartesian grid system is extended to nonorthogonal curvilinear grid system in this paper. A pressure-linked equation is obtained by substituting the discretized momentum equations into the discretized continuity equation. Instead of employing a velocity interpolation such as pressure-weighted interpolation method (PWIM), a particular approximation is adopted to circumvent the checkerboard error such that the solution does not depend on the under-relaxation factor. This is a distinctive feature of the present method. Furthermore, the pressure is directly solved from the pressure-linked equation without recourse to a pressure-correction equation. In the use of the NAPPLE algorithm, solving the pressure-linked equation is as simple as solving a heat conduction equation. Through two well-documented examples, performance of the NAPPLE algorithm is validated for both buoyancy-driven and pressure-driven flows.

scholarly journals Biochemical markers in crop and forest species: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. e05101724172
Author(s):  
Sara Lorena de Pádua Souza ◽  
Valdinete Vieira Nunes ◽  
Izabel de Jesus Cândido ◽  
Valéria Mota de Brito ◽  
Lucas Alexandre dos Santos Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Lea Proteins ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Proteins and enzymes are informative biochemical markers frequently used in plant studies. The objective of this work was to present the studies with enzymes and proteins used as biochemical markers in crops and forest species—the articles prospected in the Scopus and Web of Science scientific databases in December 2020. The keywords were a combination of "agricultural" or "forest" with the Boolean operator and the enzymes' name: alcohol dehydrogenase/ADH, malate dehydrogenase/MDH, alpha-amylase/AMS, peroxiredoxin/PERX, and LEA proteins. Eighty-two articles addressed enzymes in agricultural or forest species were included in the analysis. The articles were published from 1976 to 2020, with an average annual publication of 12.2. Three hundred thirty-seven authors developed the annual percentage growth rate of 2.52% and articles. The most studied crops are Oryza sativa L., Glycine max L., Zea mays L., Hordeum vulgare L., specimens of the genera Triticum and Brassica. The forest species were Pinus, Picea, Nothofagus, Quercus, and Sorbus, and Fagus sylvatica L. The main tissues used for extraction are leaves, seeds, buds, and roots. The studies mainly deal with enzymes or proteins as markers associated with abiotic stresses and the structure or genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Improving Meteorological Input for Surface Energy Balance System Utilizing Mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting Model for Estimating Daily Actual Evapotranspiration

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dakang Wang ◽  
Yulin Zhan ◽  
Tao Yu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Xiaomei Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Meteorological Input ◽  
Sebs Model

Using Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ET) on a regional scale generally uses gridded meteorological data by interpolating data from meteorological stations with mathematical interpolation. The heterogeneity of underlying surfaces cannot be effectively considered when interpolating meteorological station measurements to gridded data only by mathematical interpolation. This study aims to highlight the improvement of modeled meteorological data from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale numerical model which fully considers the heterogeneity of underlying surfaces over the data from mathematical interpolation method when providing accurate meteorological input for SEBS model. Meteorological data at 1 km resolution in the Hotan Oasis were simulated and then were put into SEBS model to estimate the daily actual ET. The accuracy of WRF simulation was evaluated through comparison with data collected at the meteorological station. Results found that the WRF-simulated wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity and surface pressure correlate well with the meteorological stations measurements (R2 are 0.628, 0.8242, 0.8089 and 0.8915, respectively). Comparison between ET calculated using the meteorological data simulated from the WRF (ETa-WRF) and meteorological data interpolated from measurements at met stations (ETa-STA) showed that ETa-WRF could better reflect the ET difference between different land cover, and capture the vegetation growing trend, especially in areas with sparse vegetation, where ETa-STA intends to overestimate. In addition, ETa-WRF has less noise in barren areas compared to ETa-STA. Our findings suggest that WRF can provide more reliable meteorological input for SEBS model than mathematical interpolation method.

scholarly journals Main reasons to modify the ecomonitoring system of Novomoskovsk atmosphere relying on modern modeling methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 01085
Author(s):  
Grinyuk Olga ◽  
Aleksashina Olga ◽  
Arkhipov Alexander ◽  
Ganesan Catherine
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Data Adequacy

Novomoskovsk is one of the main centers of chemical industry in central Russia. In 2000 to control and monitor the region air quality and movement the atmosphere ecomonitorin system was created. These systems’ modifying lies in using more sophisticated technology, increasing number of observation stations and automatic sensors that determine harmful impurities. The data adequacy of airspace’s state hinges on the number of these stations and their location. The objective of our study is to estimate the data adequacy relying on modern research methods. The research involved the interpolation method of air movement control over areas which have a mixed landscape because of technology-related accidents. The method consists of 3 main stages: experimental examination of the area’s weather conditions, processing of this data using the method of air flow field recovery, and effective control of the air dynamics at man-made accidents. Air control stations gave the initial measures and current data to develop the method of air flow field recovery on the basis of the noise-resistant interpolation principle. Noise-resistant interpolation admits to errors of measuring instruments, which makes a significant magnitude when estimating meteorological data of the air. The data obtained requires to modify Novomoskovsk ecomonitoring system of the atmosphere.

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