scholarly journals Particulate Matter Air Pollution Effects on Pulmonary Tuberculosis Activation in a Semi-Desert City on the US-Mexican Border

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Reyna ◽  
Stephan Schwander ◽  
Roberto López Avitia ◽  
Miguel Enrique ravo-Zanoguera ◽  
Myrtha Elvia Reyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Exposure Category ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Pollution Exposure

In this paper, we assessed the association (relative risk, RR) between the exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 (as a continuous variable and as categories of low or high pollution exposure) on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. We used a weekly, lagged multiple Poisson regression model. We observed a 10-week delayed effect for PM10 and PM2.5 in all PTB cases and in male cases with PTB. An 11-week delayed effect occurred in the female PTB cases. For all the PTB cases, the RR rose by 2.4% (95% CI: 2.1, 2.6, p<0.10) for each 10 µg/m3 increase of PM10 in the continuous exposure and by 3.6% (CI: 3.3, 4.0, p<0.05) in the high pollution exposure category, and by 3.2% (CI: 2.9, 3.4, p<0.05) for each 10 µg/m3 increase of PM2.5 in the continuous exposure and by 3.9% (CI: 3.6, 4.3, p<0.05) in the high pollution exposure category. In men, the RR rose by 2.8% (CI: 2.5, 3.1, p<0.10) for each 10 µg/m3 increase of PM10 in the continuous exposure and by 4.6% (CI: 4.2, 5.0, p<0.05) in the high pollution exposure category, and by 3.4% (CI: 3.1, 3.7, p<0.05) for each 10 µg/m3 increase of PM2.5 in the continuous exposure and by 4.2% (CI: 3.8, 4.6, p<0.05) in the high pollution exposure category. In women, the RR rose by 5.1% (CI: 4.7, 5.5, p<0.05) for each 10 µg/m3 increase of PM10 in the continuous exposure and by 5.3% (CI: 4.7, 5.8, p<0.10) in the high pollution exposure category, and by 4.3% (CI: 3.8, 4.8, p<0.10) for each 10 µg/m3 increase of PM2.5 in the continuous exposure and by 5.3% (CI: 4.8, 5.9, p<0.10) in the high pollution exposure category. PM air pollution appears to associate with the incidence of PTB in the population of Mexicali.

scholarly journals Who Could Not Avoid Exposure to High Levels of Residence-Based Pollution by Daily Mobility? Evidence of Air Pollution Exposure from the Perspective of the Neighborhood Effect Averaging Problem (NEAP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinlin Ma ◽  
Xijing Li ◽  
Mei-Po Kwan ◽  
Yanwei Chai
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Neighborhood Effect ◽  
Daily Mobility ◽  
Averaging Problem ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Pollution Exposure

It has been widely acknowledged that air pollution has a considerable adverse impact on people’s health. Disadvantaged groups such as low-income people are often found to experience greater negative effects of environmental pollution. Thus, improving the accuracy of air pollution exposure assessment might be essential to policy-making. Recently, the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) has been identified as a specific form of possible bias when assessing individual exposure to air pollution and its health impacts. In this paper, we assessed the real-time air pollution exposure and residential-based exposure of 106 participants in a high-pollution community in Beijing, China. The study found that: (1) there are significant differences between the two assessments; (2) most participants experienced the NEAP and could lower their exposure by their daily mobility; (3) three vulnerable groups with low daily mobility and could not avoid the high pollution in their residential neighborhoods were identified as exceptions to this: low-income people who have low levels of daily mobility and limited travel outside their residential neighborhoods, blue-collar workers who spend long hours at low-end workplaces, and elderly people who face many household constraints. Public policies thus need to focus on the hidden environmental injustice revealed by the NEAP in order to improve the well-being of these environmentally vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals Association of the combined effects of air pollution and changes in physical activity with cardiovascular disease in young adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Rae Kim ◽  
Seulggie Choi ◽  
Kyuwoong Kim ◽  
Jooyoung Chang ◽  
Sung Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Abstract Aims Little is known about the trade-off between the health benefits of physical activity (PA) and the potential harmful effects of increased exposure to air pollution during outdoor PA. We examined the association of the combined effects of air pollution and changes in PA with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young adults. Methods and results This nationwide cohort study included 1 469 972 young adults aged 20–39 years. Air pollution exposure was estimated by the annual average cumulative level of particulate matter (PM). PA was calculated as minutes of metabolic equivalent tasks per week (MET-min/week) based on two consecutive health examinations from 2009 to 2012. Compared with the participants exposed to low-to-moderate levels of PM2.5 or PM10 who continuously engaged in ≥1000 MET-min/week of PA, those who decreased their PA from ≥1000 MET-min/week to 1–499 MET-min/week [PM10 adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.48] and to 0 MET-min/week (physically inactive; PM10 aHR 1.38; 95% CI 1.07–1.78) had an increased risk of CVD (P for trend &lt;0.01). Among participants exposed to high levels of PM2.5 or PM10, the risk of CVD was elevated with an increase in PA above 1000 MET-min/week. Conclusion Reducing PA may lead to subsequent elevation of CVD risk in young adults exposed to low-to-moderate levels of PM2.5 or PM10, whereas a large increase in PA in a high-pollution environment may adversely affect cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals The Power of Perception: Limitations of Information in Reducing Air Pollution Exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rema Hanna ◽  
Bridget Hoffmann ◽  
Paulina Oliva ◽  
Jake Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
High Pollution ◽  
Pollution Exposure

We conduct a randomized controlled trial in Mexico City to determine willingness to pay (WTP) for SMS air quality alerts and to study the effects of air quality alerts, reminders, and a reusable N95 mask on air pollution information and avoidance behavior. At baseline, we elicit WTP for the alerts service after revealing whether the household will receive an N95 mask and participant compensation, but before revealing whether they will receive alert or reminder services. While we observe no significant impact of mask provision on WTP, higher compensation increases WTP, suggesting a possible cash-on-hand constraint. The perception of high pollution days prior to the survey is positively correlated with WTP, but the presence of actual high pollution days is not correlated with WTP. Follow-up survey data demonstrate that the alerts treatment increases reporting of receiving air pollution information via SMS, a high pollution day in the past week, and staying indoors on the most recent perceived high pollution day. However, we observe no significant effect on the ability to correctly identify which specific days had high pollution. Similarly, households that received an N95 mask are more likely to report utilizing a mask with filter in the past two weeks, but we observe no effect on using a filter mask on the specific days with high particulate matter. Although we nd that air quality alerts increased the salience of air quality and avoidance behavior, these results illustrate the difficulty that information treatments face in overcoming perceptions to effectively reduce exposure to air pollution.

scholarly journals Harbor and Intra-City Drivers of Air Pollution: Findings from a Land Use Regression Model, Durban, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasheel Tularam ◽  
Lisa F. Ramsay ◽  
Sheena Muttoo ◽  
Rajen N. Naidoo ◽  
Bert Brunekreef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Land Use Regression ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Pollution Concentrations

Multiple land use regression models (LUR) were developed for different air pollutants to characterize exposure, in the Durban metropolitan area, South Africa. Based on the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) methodology, concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were measured over a 1-year period, at 41 sites, with Ogawa Badges and 21 sites with PM Monitors. Sampling was undertaken in two regions of the city of Durban, South Africa, one with high levels of heavy industry as well as a harbor, and the other small-scale business activity. Air pollution concentrations showed a clear seasonal trend with higher concentrations being measured during winter (25.8, 4.2, 50.4, and 20.9 µg/m3 for NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5, respectively) as compared to summer (10.5, 2.8, 20.5, and 8.5 µg/m3 for NO2, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5, respectively). Furthermore, higher levels of NO2 and SO2 were measured in south Durban as compared to north Durban as these are industrial related pollutants, while higher levels of PM were measured in north Durban as compared to south Durban and can be attributed to either traffic or domestic fuel burning. The LUR NO2 models for annual, summer, and winter explained 56%, 41%, and 63% of the variance with elevation, traffic, population, and Harbor being identified as important predictors. The SO2 models were less robust with lower R2 annual (37%), summer (46%), and winter (46%) with industrial and traffic variables being important predictors. The R2 for PM10 models ranged from 52% to 80% while for PM2.5 models this range was 61–76% with traffic, elevation, population, and urban land use type emerging as predictor variables. While these results demonstrate the influence of industrial and traffic emissions on air pollution concentrations, our study highlighted the importance of a Harbor variable, which may serve as a proxy for NO2 concentrations suggesting the presence of not only ship emissions, but also other sources such as heavy duty motor vehicles associated with the port activities.

scholarly journals Lack of an Association Between Household Air Pollution Exposure and Previous Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Lung ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 197 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Emuron ◽  
Trishul Siddharthan ◽  
Brooks Morgan ◽  
Suzanne L. Pollard ◽  
Matthew R. Grigsby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10 AND PM2.5) AIR POLLUTION IN DESNIANSKY DISTRICT IN KYIV

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (67) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
O. Turos ◽  
◽  
T. Maremukha ◽  
I. Kobzarenko ◽  
A. Petrosian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5

scholarly journals Differential Effect of Ambient Air Pollution Exposure on Risk of Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia

Hypertension ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie J. Nobles ◽  
Andrew Williams ◽  
Marion Ouidir ◽  
Seth Sherman ◽  
Pauline Mendola
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure
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