It’s dignity, not just a welfare measure which is needed for PWD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Basavaraju R Shreshta
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Measure

scholarly journals A welfare measure of “offset effects” in health insurance

2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 520-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Glazer ◽  
Thomas G. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Welfare Measure

SPATIAL COMPARISONS OF PRICES AND EXPENDITURE IN A HETEROGENEOUS COUNTRY: METHODOLOGY WITH APPLICATION TO INDIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Majumder ◽  
Ranjan Ray ◽  
Kompal Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Demand Systems ◽  
Price Indices ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Welfare Measure ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Spatial Price ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Price Differences ◽  
Empirical Implications

This study addresses two significant limitations in the literature on cross-country expenditure comparisons: (a) treatment of all countries, large and small, as single entities with no spatial differences inside the countries, and (b) use of Divisia price indices, rather than Rank 3 preference-based “exact price” indices, in the expenditure comparisons. This paper compares alternative preference consistent methods for estimating spatial price differences in a large heterogeneous country, namely India, that are benchmarked against the spatial prices generated by the Laspyeres and Tornqvist price indices. Unlike the use of conventional price indices, the use of demand-systems-based methods allows the incorporation of price-induced substitution effects between items. The paper illustrates the usefulness of the methodology by using the “exact” spatial price indices, in conjunction with the inequality-sensitive welfare measure due to Sen, to rank the Indian states and examine changes in ranking during one of the most significant periods in independent India. The results have methodological and empirical implications that extend far beyond India.

AN ORDERING OF MEASURES OF THE WELFARE COST OF INFLATION IN ECONOMIES WITH INTEREST-BEARING DEPOSITS

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubens Penha Cysne ◽  
David Turchick
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Welfare Cost ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Maximum Relative Error ◽  
Elementary Functions ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Welfare Measure ◽  
Welfare Cost Of Inflation ◽  
Alternative Measures

This paper builds on Lucas [Econometrica 68 (2000), 247–274] and on Cysne [Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 35 (2003), 221–238] to derive and order six alternative measures of the welfare costs of inflation (five of them already existing in the literature) for any vector of opportunity costs. We provide examples and closed-form solutions for each welfare measure based both on log–log and on semilog money demands, whenever possible in terms of elementary functions. Estimates of the maximum relative error a researcher can incur when using any of these measures are given. Everything is done for economies with or without interest-bearing deposits.

scholarly journals Water bathing alters threat perception in starlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben O. Brilot ◽  
Melissa Bateson
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Call ◽  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Welfare Measure ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Vigilance Behaviour ◽  
Ambiguous Cue

The majority of bird taxa perform water bathing, but little is known about the adaptive value of this behaviour. If bathing is important for feather maintenance then birds that have not bathed should have poorer feather condition, compromised escape ability and therefore increased responsiveness to cues of predation. We conducted two experiments examining the behaviour of captive starlings responding to conspecific alarm calls. Birds that had no access to bathing water showed a decreased willingness to feed and increased their vigilance behaviour following an alarm call. We argue that birds denied access to bathing water interpreted an ambiguous cue of threat as requiring more caution than birds that had access, consistent with higher levels of anxiety. Our results support the provision of bathing water for captive birds as an important welfare measure.

Expected consumer’s surplus as an approximate welfare measure

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward E. Schlee
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Measure
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