The moderating influence of the general life history strategy factor upon the relation between short-term and long-term mating orientations is mediated by a strategic differentiation-integration factor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelio José Figueredo ◽  
Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Strategic Differentiation

scholarly journals Short-term exposure of Chinook salmon (Oncoryhnchus tshawytscha) to o,p-DDE or DMSO during early life-history stages causes long-term humoral immunosuppression.

2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (13) ◽  
pp. 1601-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth H Milston ◽  
Martin S Fitzpatrick ◽  
Anthony T Vella ◽  
Shaun Clements ◽  
Deke Gundersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Short Term Exposure

scholarly journals Live Fast, Die Young, and Sleep Later: Life History Strategy and Human Sleep Behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahe Dishakjian ◽  
Daniel M T Fessler ◽  
Adam Maxwell Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Sleep Behaviors

Abstract Background and objectives Life History Theory (LHT) describes trade-offs that organisms make with regard to three investment pathways: growth, maintenance, and reproduction. In light of the reparative functions of sleep, we examine sleep behaviors and corresponding attitudes as proximate manifestations of an individual’s underlying relative prioritization of short-term reproduction versus long-term maintenance. Methodology We collected survey data from 568 participants across two online studies having different participant pools. We use a mixture of segmented and hierarchical regression models, structural equation modeling, and machine learning to infer relationships between sleep duration/quality, attitudes about sleep, and biodemographic/psychometric measures of life history strategy (LHS). Results An age-mediated U- or V-shaped relationship appears when LHS is plotted against habitual sleep duration, with the fastest strategies occupying the sections of the curve with the highest mortality risk: < 6.5 hours (short sleep) and > 8.5 hours (long sleep). LH “fastness” is associated with increased sleepiness and worse overall sleep quality: delayed sleep onset latency, more wakefulness after sleep onset, higher sleep-wake instability, and greater sleep duration variability. Hedonic valuations of sleep may mediate the effects of LHS on certain sleep parameters. Conclusions and implications The costs of deprioritizing maintenance can be parameterized in the domain of sleep, where “life history fastness” corresponds with sleep patterns associated with greater senescence and mortality. Individual differences in sleep having significant health implications can thus be understood as components of lifelong trajectories likely stemming from calibration to developmental circumstances. Relatedly, hedonic valuations of sleep may constitute useful avenues for non-pharmacological management of chronic sleep disorders. LAY Summary Sleep is essential because it allows the body to repair and maintain itself. But time spent sleeping is time that cannot be spent doing other things. People differ in how much they prioritize immediate rewards, including sociosexual opportunities, versus long-term goals. In this research, we show that individual differences in sleep behaviors, and attitudes toward sleep, correspond with psychological and behavioral differences reflecting such differing priorities. Orientation toward sleep can thus be understood as part of the overall lifetime strategies that people pursue.

scholarly journals Preventing co-infection: a viral strategy with short-term benefits and long-term drawbacks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hunter ◽  
Diana Fusco
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
Viral Population ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTViral co-infection occurs when multiple distinct viral particles infect the same host. This can impact viral evolution through intracellular interactions, complementation, reassortment and recombination. In nature many viral species are found to have a wide range of mechanisms to prevent co-infection, which raises the question of how viral evolution is impacted by this strategic choice. Here, we address this question in a model viral system, the ubiquitous bacteriophage and its host bacteria. Using a stochastic model of phage-host interactions in agent-based simulations, we first characterise the behaviour of neutral mutants and find that co-infection decreases the strength of genetic drift. We then quantify how variations in the phage life history parameters affect viral fitness. Importantly, we find that the growth rate (dis)advantage associated with variations in life history parameters can be dramatically different from the competitive (dis)advantage measured in direct-competition simulations. Additionally, we find that co-infection facilitates the fixation of beneficial mutations and the removal of deleterious ones, suggesting that selection is more efficient in co-infecting populations. We also observe, however, that in populations which allow co-infection, a mutant that prevents it displays a substantial competitive advantage over the rest of the population, and will eventually fix even if it displays a much lower growth rate in isolation. Our findings suggest that while preventing co-infection can have a negative impact on the long-term evolution of a viral population, in the short-term it is ultimately a winning strategy, possibly explaining the prevalence of phage capable of preventing co-infection in nature.

scholarly journals The role of past experience in development of feeding behavior in common vampire bats

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jineth Berrío-Martínez ◽  
Samuel Kaiser ◽  
Michelle Nowak ◽  
Rachel A. Page ◽  
Gerald G. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Blood Temperature ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Vampire Bats ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Foraging Skills

The life history strategy of common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) suggests that learning might play a role in development of their foraging skills. We took advantage of 12 captive births in a study colony of vampire bats to test the role of past experience in two aspects of feeding. First, we compared preferences for blood temperature in 32 wild-born vampire bats versus 11 captive-born vampire bats that had only previously fed on blood of ambient temperature or colder. We found no evidence for a preference in either group for blood presented at 4 °C versus 37 °C. Second, we tested whether captive-born vampire bats with no previous experience of feeding on live animals could successfully feed on a live chicken. Five of 12 naïve captive-born bats were able to bite the chicken and draw blood, but only one bat gained more than 5% of body mass. We were unable to reasonably compare their feeding performance with that of wild-born bats because only two of three wild-born, short-term captive bats fed on the chicken and none of the seven wild-born, long-term captive mothers attempted to feed. This unexpected lack of feeding might be due to a previously reported age-dependent neophobia. When six of the captive-born bats were released in the wild, they appeared to feed successfully because they survived for more than three consecutive nights. We suggest further tests that would better clarify the role of learning in the development of foraging in vampire bats.

Behavioral, plastic, and evolutionary responses to a changing world

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf U. Blanckenhorn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Physiological Adjustments ◽  
Changing World

Organisms can respond to environmental change by modifying their behavior to obtain an instant response, through short-term phenotypically plastic, often physiological, adjustments, and/or by adapting their life history through a more long-term evolutionary response. Behavioural and physiological responses, in fact, can occur at all these three temporal scales. Examples of behaviors so affected include congregation, dispersal, foraging, migration, or mating. Such responses have consequences at the population and community levels, and ultimately for the evolution of species. This chapter discusses insect examples of these kinds, with an emphasis on human-induced factors, such as (primarily) climate change, pollution, fragmentation, and urbanization.

scholarly journals Love Styles in the Context of Life History Theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249
Author(s):  
Magdalena Marzec ◽  
Andrzej Łukasik
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Mating Effort ◽  
Parental Effort ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Love Styles ◽  
Number Of Children

Abstract The evolutionary function of love is to create a strong bond between the partners with reproduction in view. In order to achieve this goal, humans use various sexual/reproductive strategies, which have evolved due to specific reproductive benefits. The use of particular strategies depends on many factors but one of the most important is early childhood experiences, on which life history theory (LHT) focuses. John Lee (1973) identified 6 basic love styles: eros, ludus, storge, pragma, agape, and mania. Our goal was to check whether love styles may be treated as sexual/reproductive strategies in the context of LHT - slow or fast strategy. In our study (N = 177) we found that people who prefer the slow reproductive strategy are inclined to show passionate, pragmatic and friendly love, and those who prefer the fast strategy, treated love as a game. A low level of environmental stress in childhood results in preferring eros, storge and agape love styles, belonging to the slow strategy, and a high one results in preferring ludus, which belongs to the fast strategy. People representing eros, storge or pragma styles have restricted sociosexual orientation so they prefer long-term relationships, whereas those with the ludus style are people with unrestricted orientation, preferring short-term relationships. Besides, storge, agape and pragma seem to determine preferring qualities connected with parental effort in one’s partner, mania - with mating effort, and eros - with both kinds of effort. No correlation was found between the love style and the number of children.

Variation in Women’s Mate Preferences Over the Development of a Monogamous Relationship Corresponds with Changes in Men’s Life History Strategy (Author's Accepted Version)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Owens ◽  
Helen Driscoll ◽  
Daniel Farrelly
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Mating Effort ◽  
Monogamous Relationship ◽  
Parenting Effort ◽  
The Relationship

Much research has examined how men’s mating strategies change over the development of a relationship consistent with predictions from Life History Theory. Specifically, research shows both physiological and behavioural indicators of mating effort decrease once men are mated, and further once they become fathers, unless they remain engaged in mating effort. This switch from mating to parenting effort is sexually selected, and therefore the corresponding shifts in women should be examined, though to date, women’s short- or long-term mate preferences have been studied as separate entities rather than as a transition from short- to long- term. We examined how women’s mate preferences changed over the development of a relationship, to see if they varied consistently with what is known about variation in men’s mating effort. Vignettes detailed four key milestones in the development of a relationship and women rated the importance of the man at each stage displaying indicators of mating or parenting effort. Women increasingly prioritised indicators of parenting effort in men as the relationship developed, consistent with what is known about men’s reduction in mating effort in favour of parenting effort over the development of a relationship. The results support predictions from Life History Theory and highlight the interacting mutually reinforcing nature of sexually selected behaviours.

scholarly journals Life History, Fertility, and Short-Term Mating Motivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470491880006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aekyoung Kim ◽  
Hannah Bradshaw ◽  
Kristina M. Durante ◽  
Sarah E. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

The current research examines the impact of women’s early-life socioeconomic status (SES; used as a proxy measure of life history strategy), relationship status, and ovulatory cycle phase on their desire for short-term mating. Results revealed that during the periovulatory phase (i.e., the high-fertility phase of the monthly ovulatory cycle), single women from low SES environments expressed an increased desire for short-term mating, whereas the opposite was found for single women from high SES environments. No such pattern was found for partnered women. These results suggest that one’s early-life environment and relationship status may play a key role in how women respond to internal fertility cues, providing important new insights into factors that may moderate ovulatory shifts in mating behavior. Results provide some of the first evidence that one’s developmental history may alter the expression of ovulatory cycle adaptations.

Site fidelity of Weddell seals: the effects of sex and age

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Cameron ◽  
Donald B. Siniff ◽  
Kelly M. Proffitt ◽  
Robert A. Garrott
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Weddell Seals ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
A Site ◽  
Traditional Breeding

AbstractSite fidelity is believed to be an important life history strategy for Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii), that return to traditional breeding colonies each spring. We examined four hypotheses concerning their fidelity to these colonies: 1) fidelity is stronger to natal sites (natal fidelity) than to other sites, 2) females exhibit greater site fidelity than males, 3) site fidelity for both sexes increases with age, 4) site fidelity in adult females is related to their reproductive status and their total number of offspring. Analysis of a long-term tagging database from McMurdo Sound did not support hypotheses 1 and 2. Although animals did express fidelity to specific sites over their lifetime (χ2 tests, P < 0.05), fidelity to natal colonies was lower than to other sites (χ2 test, P < 0.05). There were no differences in site fidelity between males and females (χ2 tests, P > 0.05). Hypothesis 3 was supported. Since the probability of a returning seal occupying the same colony as the previous year increased with age among both sexes to about age 12. Finally, in support of hypothesis 4, females with a higher degree of site fidelity were more likely to both have a higher reproductive rate and return to a site where they have previously given birth.

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