General anesthesia and electrocardiograpic parameters in in vivo rat experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavol SvorcJr ◽  
Pavol Svorc
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Rat Experiments

Novel Findings of Anti-cancer Property of Propofol

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiang Wang ◽  
Chien-shan Cheng ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Xiaowei Ding ◽  
Minmin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intravenous Anesthetic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Attention

Background: Propofol, a widely used intravenous anesthetic agent, is traditionally applied for sedation and general anesthesia. Explanation: Recent attention has been drawn to explore the effect and mechanisms of propofol against cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, the proliferation-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing properties of propofol in cancer have been studied. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Conclusion: This review focused on the findings within the past ten years and aimed to provide a general overview of propofol's malignance-modulating properties and the potential molecular mechanisms.

Eugenol-acacia gum-based bifunctional nanofibers as a potent antifungal transdermal substitute

Nanomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payal Gupta ◽  
Purusottam Mishra ◽  
Lalita Mehra ◽  
Kartikey Rastogi ◽  
Ramasare Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Acacia Gum ◽  
Rat Experiments ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

Aim: Fungal biofilms interfere with the wound healing processes. Henceforth, the study aims to fabricate a biomaterial-based nano-scaffold with the dual functionalities of wound healing and antibiofilm activity. Methods: Nanofibers comprising acacia gum, polyvinyl alcohol and inclusion complex of eugenol in β-cyclodextrin (EG-NF) were synthesized using electrospinning. Antibiofilm studies were performed on Candida species, and the wound-healing activity was evaluated through an in vivo excision wound rat model. Results: The EG-NF potentially eradicated the mature biofilm of Candida species and their clinical isolates. Further, EG-NF also enhanced the re-epithelization and speed of wound healing in in vivo rat experiments. Conclusion: The study established the bifunctional applications of eugenol nanofibers as a transdermal substitute with antifungal potency.

GABAergic Neurons in the Dorsal–Intermediate Lateral Septum Regulate Sleep–Wakefulness and Anesthesia in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Wang ◽  
Qingchen Guo ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Su-Wan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Gabaergic Neurons ◽  
Lateral Septum ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Awake State ◽  
Isoflurane Anesthesia

Background The γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated (GABAergic) inhibitory system in the brain is critical for regulation of sleep–wake and general anesthesia. The lateral septum contains mainly GABAergic neurons, being cytoarchitectonically divided into the dorsal, intermediate, and ventral parts. This study hypothesized that GABAergic neurons of the lateral septum participate in the control of wakefulness and promote recovery from anesthesia. Methods By employing fiber photometry, chemogenetic and optogenetic neuronal manipulations, anterograde tracing, in vivo electrophysiology, and electroencephalogram/electromyography recordings in adult male mice, the authors measured the role of lateral septum GABAergic neurons to the control of sleep–wake transition and anesthesia emergence and the corresponding neuron circuits in arousal and emergence control. Results The GABAergic neurons of the lateral septum exhibited high activities during the awake state by in vivo fiber photometry recordings (awake vs. non–rapid eye movement sleep: 3.3 ± 1.4% vs. –1.3 ± 1.2%, P < 0.001, n = 7 mice/group; awake vs. anesthesia: 2.6 ± 1.2% vs. –1.3 ± 0.8%, P < 0.001, n = 7 mice/group). Using chemogenetic stimulation of lateral septum GABAergic neurons resulted in a 100.5% increase in wakefulness and a 51.2% reduction in non–rapid eye movement sleep. Optogenetic activation of these GABAergic neurons promoted wakefulness from sleep (median [25th, 75th percentiles]: 153.0 [115.9, 179.7] s to 4.0 [3.4, 4.6] s, P = 0.009, n = 5 mice/group) and accelerated emergence from isoflurane anesthesia (514.4 ± 122.2 s vs. 226.5 ± 53.3 s, P < 0.001, n = 8 mice/group). Furthermore, the authors demonstrated that the lateral septum GABAergic neurons send 70.7% (228 of 323 cells) of monosynaptic projections to the ventral tegmental area GABAergic neurons, preferentially inhibiting their activities and thus regulating wakefulness and isoflurane anesthesia depth. Conclusions The results uncover a fundamental role of the lateral septum GABAergic neurons and their circuit in maintaining awake state and promoting general anesthesia emergence time. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New

scholarly journals The in vivo neurochemistry of the brain during general anesthesia

2011 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian P. Müller ◽  
Martin E. Pum ◽  
Davide Amato ◽  
Jürgen Schüttler ◽  
Joseph P. Huston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals In-vivo tongue stiffness measured by aspiration: Resting vs general anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 110147
Author(s):  
K.D.R. Kappert ◽  
N. Connesson ◽  
S.A. Elahi ◽  
S. Boonstra ◽  
A.J.M. Balm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia

scholarly journals Anesthesia with Disuse Leads to Autophagy Up-regulation in the Skeletal Muscle

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1075-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aki Kashiwagi ◽  
Sachiko Hosokawa ◽  
Yoshihiro Maeyama ◽  
Ryusuke Ueki ◽  
Masao Kaneki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Prolonged Sedation ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Abstract Background: It has been known that skeletal muscles show atrophic changes after prolonged sedation or general anesthesia. Whether these effects are due to anesthesia itself or disuse during anesthesia has not been fully clarified. Autophagy dysregulation has been implicated in muscle-wasting conditions. This study tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of skeletal muscle autophagy is affected by both anesthesia and immobility. Methods: The extent of autophagy was analyzed chronologically during general anesthesia. In vivo microscopy was performed using green fluorescent protein–tagged LC3 for the detection of autophagy using sternomastoid muscles of live mice during pentobarbital anesthesia (n = 6 and 7). Western blotting and histological analyses were also conducted on tibialis anterior muscles (n = 3 to 5). To distinguish the effect of anesthesia from that due to disuse, autophagy was compared between animals anesthetized with pentobarbital and those immobilized by short-term denervation without continuation of anesthesia. Conversely, tibialis anterior and sternomastoid muscles were electrically stimulated during anesthesia. Results: Western blots and microscopy showed time-dependent autophagy up-regulation during pentobarbital anesthesia, peaking at 3 h (728.6 ± 93.5% of basal level, mean ± SE). Disuse by denervation without sustaining anesthesia did not lead to equivalent autophagy, suggesting that anesthesia is essential to cause autophagy. In contrast, contractile stimulation of the tibialis anterior and sternomastoid muscles significantly reduced the autophagy up-regulation during anesthesia (85% at 300 min). Ketamine, ketamine plus xylazine, isoflurane, and propofol also up-regulated autophagy. Conclusions: Short-term disuse without anesthesia does not lead to autophagy, but anesthesia with disuse leads to marked up-regulation of autophagy.

Suppression of Cytokine-lnduced Neutrophil Accumulation in Rat Mesenteric Venules in vivo by General Anesthesia

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.S. Miller ◽  
Y. Morita ◽  
U. Rangan ◽  
S. Kondo ◽  
M.G. Clemens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Neutrophil Accumulation

scholarly journals In vivo reversal of general anesthesia by cucurbit[7]uril with zebrafish models

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (78) ◽  
pp. 63745-63752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanxian Chen ◽  
Judy Y. W. Chan ◽  
Shengke Li ◽  
Jessica J. Liu ◽  
Ian W. Wyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
First Time

We demonstrate for the first time that cucurbit[7]uril effectively reversed general anesthesia induced by tricaine in zebrafish models.

scholarly journals Nicotinic receptors in mouse prefrontal cortex modulate ultraslow fluctuations related to conscious processing

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (51) ◽  
pp. 14823-14828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fani Koukouli ◽  
Marie Rooy ◽  
Jean-Pierre Changeux ◽  
Uwe Maskos
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Cholinergic Innervation ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Conscious Processing

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays an important role in cognitive processes, including access to consciousness. The PFC receives significant cholinergic innervation and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) contribute greatly to the effects of acetylcholine signaling. Using in vivo two-photon imaging of both awake and anesthetized mice, we recorded spontaneous, ongoing neuronal activity in layer II/III in the PFC of WT mice and mice deleted for different nAChR subunits. As in humans, this activity is characterized by synchronous ultraslow fluctuations and neuronal synchronicity is disrupted by light general anesthesia. Both the α7 and β2 nAChR subunits play an important role in the generation of ultraslow fluctuations that occur to a different extent during quiet wakefulness and light general anesthesia. The β2 subunit is specifically required for synchronized activity patterns. Furthermore, chronic application of mecamylamine, an antagonist of nAChRs, disrupts the generation of ultraslow fluctuations. Our findings provide new insight into the ongoing spontaneous activity in the awake and anesthetized state, and the role of cholinergic neurotransmission in the orchestration of cognitive functions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document