scholarly journals Age-Friendly Ecosystems for Community Participation: A Rapid Realist Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Sixsmith ◽  
◽  
Deborah Menezes ◽  
Marianne Cranwell ◽  
Isaac Chau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

scholarly journals Rapid Realist Review of School-Based Physical Activity Interventions in 7- to 11-Year-Old Children

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Defever ◽  
Michelle Jones
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Implementation Fidelity ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

Meta-analysis of physical activity interventions in school settings have revealed low efficacy and that there is a need to explore implementation fidelity. The aim of this rapid realist review was to determine, what physical activity interventions in school settings for children aged 7- to 11-years-old works, for whom, and in what circumstances. The realist synthesis was conducted following RAMESES guidelines. Relevant studies were identified following a systematic search process and data from 28 studies was extracted for evidence to form context-mechanism-outcome configurations that were clustered and refined. Using the five-level socioecological model, the program theories were classified into the levels of intrapersonal (child), interpersonal (teachers), institutional (program content, school administration, and school environment), community (home and neighborhood), and policy. The school level led to most context-mechanism-outcome configurations related to school leadership and policy, workforce structure, program characteristics, and school environment. At each level, we identified features of interventions, alongside implementation considerations that might work to promote efficacy and sustainability. The need to recognize the school environment as part of a complex system with multi-level interaction and influences was a key finding. In line with realist philosophy, the researchers encouraged primary research to confirm, refute, and refine the program theories presented.

scholarly journals A Rapid Realist Review of Group Psychological First Aid for Humanitarian Workers and Volunteers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1452
Author(s):  
Julia Corey ◽  
Frédérique Vallières ◽  
Timothy Frawley ◽  
Aoife De Brún ◽  
Sarah Davidson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological First Aid ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

Humanitarian workers are at an elevated risk of occupational trauma exposure and its associated psychological consequences, and experience increased levels of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to the general population. Psychological first aid (PFA) aims to prevent acute distress reactions from developing into long-term distress by instilling feelings of safety, calmness, self- and community efficacy, connectedness and hope. Group PFA (GPFA) delivers PFA in a group or team setting. This research sought to understand ‘What works, for whom, in what context, and why for group psychological first aid for humanitarian workers, including volunteers?’ A rapid realist review (RRR) was conducted. Initial theories were generated to answer the question and were subsequently refined based on 15 documents identified through a systematic search of databases and grey literature, in addition to the inputs from a core reference panel and two external experts in GPFA. The findings generated seven programme theories that addressed the research question and offered consideration for the implementation of GPFA for the humanitarian workforce across contexts and age groups. GPFA enables individuals to understand their natural reactions, develop adaptive coping strategies, and build social connections that promote a sense of belonging and security. The integrated design of GPFA ensures that individuals are linked to additional supports and have their basic needs addressed. While the evidence is sparce on GPFA, its ability to provide support to humanitarian workers is promising.

scholarly journals Clarifying the mechanisms and resources that enable the reciprocal involvement of seldom heard groups in health and social care research: A collaborative rapid realist review process

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éidín Ní Shé ◽  
Sarah Morton ◽  
Veronica Lambert ◽  
Cliona Ní Cheallaigh ◽  
Vanessa Lacey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Care Research ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

Developing programme theories to understand’first contact physiotherapy’ in primary care: a rapid realist review (FRONTIER)

Physiotherapy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. e12
Author(s):  
H. Stott ◽  
S. Halls ◽  
F. Cramp ◽  
R. Thomas ◽  
J. Jagosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

scholarly journals 72 Adult Safeguarding, Abuse of Vulnerable Adults and Mandatory Reporting: A Rapid Realist Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii17-iii65
Author(s):  
Sarah Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
What Works ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Vulnerable Adults ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

Abstract Background The continuing evolution of adult safeguarding legislation, policy and practice in relation to the abuse of vulnerable adults reflects a growing awareness of the nature and extent of such abuse in Ireland. The Adult Safeguarding Bill, 2017 represents a progressive step in safeguarding older people and vulnerable adults. The intention of the Bill is to put in place additional protections for adults, in particular, for those who may be unable to protect themselves, such as older people or those lacking capacity. Part 3 provides for mandatory reporting by specified/named persons/professionals. This paper sets out to critically analyse the concept of mandatory reporting within adult safeguarding using international comparators as case studies. Methods A rapid realist review of adult safeguarding reporting typologies and systems in five key jurisdictions: Australia, Canada, England, Northern Ireland and Scotland, were explored to answer the question: ‘what works, for whom and in what circumstances?’ [1] Results Jurisdictions differ as to who the mandated reporters are, the scope and powers of mandatory reporting, and the types of abuse subject to reporting. Of significance is that the debate on mandatory reporting has increasingly focused on institutional settings, rather than more broadly across services. Key concepts identified are those of protection, empowerment and proportionality. Adult safeguarding legislation must therefore ensure that interventionist and compulsory measures to protect do not excessively restrict the rights of the individual. Conclusion Mandatory reporting may offer professionals increased powers to prevent and reduce the abuse of adults and older people, but this could also change the dynamic of relationships within families, and between families and professionals. Ultimately, the success of any legal approach will rest with professional judgment in balancing autonomy with protection.

scholarly journals Realist evaluation of Autism ServiCe Delivery (RE-ASCeD): which diagnostic pathways work best, for whom and in what context? Findings from a rapid realist review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e051241
Author(s):  
Vanessa Abrahamson ◽  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
Patricia M Wilson ◽  
William Farr ◽  
Venkat Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Diagnostic Pathways ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

ObjectivesWaiting times in the UK for an autism diagnostic assessment have increased rapidly in the last 5 years. This review explored research (including ‘grey’ literature) to uncover the current evidence base about autism diagnostic pathways and what works best, for whom and in what circumstances, to deliver high quality and timely diagnosis.DesignWe performed a Rapid Realist Review consistent with recognised standards for realist syntheses. We collected 129 grey literature and policy/guidelines and 220 articles from seven databases (January 2011–December 2019). We developed programme theories of how, why and in what contexts an intervention worked, based on cross comparison and synthesis of evidence. The focus was on identifying factors that contributed to a clearly defined intervention (the diagnostic pathway), associated with specific outcomes (high quality and timely), within specific parameters (Autism diagnostic services in Paediatric and Child & Adolescent Mental Health services in the UK). Our Expert Stakeholder Group, including representatives from local parent forums, national advocacy groups and clinicians, was integral to the process.ResultsBased on 45 relevant articles, we identified 7 programme theories that were integral to the process of diagnostic service delivery. Four were related to the clinical pathway: initial recognition of possible autism; referral and triaging; diagnostic model; and providing feedback to parents. Three programme theories were pertinent to all stages of the referral and diagnostic process: working in partnership with families; interagency working; and training, service evaluation and development.ConclusionsThis theory informed review of childhood autism diagnostic pathways identified important aspects that may contribute to efficient, high quality and family-friendly service delivery. The programme theories will be further tested through a national survey of current practice and in-depth longitudinal case studies of exemplar services.Trial registration numberNCT04422483.

scholarly journals Privacy Concerns as a Barrier to Sharing Data About Energy Use: A Rapid Realist Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Vigurs ◽  
Chris Maidment ◽  
Michael Fell ◽  
David Shipworth
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Privacy Concern ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

Abstract. The purpose of this review is to investigate the nature of privacy concerns in the context of Smart Local Energy Systems (SLES) to understand how SLES providers can minimize both users’ concern, and cause for concern, around privacy. We conducted a rapid realist review and thematic framework analysis against Bronfrenbrenner’s socio-ecological model to understand privacy concerns in different contexts. A common privacy concern was that sharing detailed energy use data had the potential to reveal information about home life, and to intrude upon people’s sense of autonomy, choice and control. Evidence suggests that people are willing to accept newdata sharing technologies if the benefits of doing so are clear, anticipated, and mutually beneficial. Building trust, through increasing knowledge and understanding was a mechanism for overcoming privacy concerns, but this was mediated by the organization providing the information. Non-profit organizations were more trusted to ensure appropriate safeguards to privacy were in place. One key barrier to participation with good supporting evidence was that people can resist perceived intrusions on their privacy. This could be actively resisted by refusing to install data collection technologies or passively by non-participation in adapting energy use behaviors: both of which are necessary for SLES to achieve their goals of managing energy demand and building resilience in smart grids.

scholarly journals Children as innovators: harnessing the creative expertise of children to address practical and psychosocial challenges of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic – COVISION study protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Helen McAneney ◽  
Harry Shier ◽  
Lisa Gibbs ◽  
Carmel Davies ◽  
Aoife De Brún ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Realist Review ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Community Based ◽  
International Context ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Participatory Health Research ◽  
Social Mobilisation ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
Rapid Realist Review

Background: We are currently in a period of transition, from the pre-COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) era and the initial reactive lockdowns, to now the ongoing living with and potentially the after COVID-19 period. Each country is at its own individual stage of this transition, but many have gone through a period of feeling adrift; disconnected from normal lives, habits and routines, finding oneself betwixt and between stages, similar to that of liminality. Children and young people have been particularly affected. Aim: To increase the understanding of home and community-based strategies that contribute to children and young people’s capacity to adjust to societal changes, both during and after pandemics. Moreover, to identify ways in which children’s actions contribute to the capacity of others to adjust to the changes arising from the pandemic. The potential for these activities to influence and contribute to broader social mobilisation will be examined and promoted. Research design: To achieve the aim of this study, a participatory health research approach will be taken. The overarching theoretical framework of the COVISION study is that of liminality. The study design includes four work packages: two syntheses of literature (a rapid realist review and scoping review) to gain an overview of the emerging international context of evidence of psychosocial mitigations and community resilience in pandemics, and more specifically COVID-19; qualitative exploration of children and young people’s perspective of COVID-19 via creative outlets and reflections; and participatory learning and action through co-production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document