scholarly journals Food allergies in children – aspects of epidemiology and diet management

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-259
Author(s):  
Marcelina Walczak ◽  
Teresa Grzelak ◽  
Marta Kramkowska ◽  
Krystyna Czyżewska
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Elimination Diet ◽  
Food Hypersensitivity ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

For many years there has been a steady increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases, especially in developed countries. Scientists expect that in the year 2020, atopic diseases will be present in 50% of the population worldwide. Determining the actual scale of the food allergy problem is extremely difficult due to differences in genetic and environmental factors, as well as inconsistent methodology for population and epidemiological research. Treatment of food hypersensitivity is primarily done by excluding a particular food from the diet, while introducing nutritionally equivalent alternatives. An elimination diet should be determined independently for each individual, taking into account the cause, nature, severity and symptoms of the disease. Placing food restrictions on children can interfere with their normal development. The prevailing opinion is that only a properly formulated and followed elimination diet does not endanger the health of the patient. Numerous dietary errors committed, knowingly or unknowingly, by parents can lead to malnutrition and its consequences in their children, such as rickets, anemia, and immune disorders. Therefore, in the long-term treatment of food allergies it is recommended that the caregivers fully cooperate with a doctor, nutritionist and psychotherapist. Due to the ever-increasing incidence of allergic diseases, researchers are looking for effective methods of prevention. Recent scientific reports suggest protective effects from such substances like probiotics, polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, antioxidants as well as, certain vegetables and fruits.

scholarly journals Suppression of AMD-Like Pathology by Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant SkQ1 Is Associated with a Decrease in the Accumulation of Amyloid β and in mTOR Activity

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Muraleva ◽  
Oyuna S. Kozhevnikova ◽  
Anzhela Z. Fursova ◽  
Nataliya G. Kolosova
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of irreversible visual impairment and blindness in developed countries, and the molecular pathogenesis of AMD is poorly understood. Recent studies strongly indicate that amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation —found in the brain and a defining feature of Alzheimer’s disease—also forms in the retina in both Alzheimer’s disease and AMD. The reason why highly neurotoxic proteins of consistently aggregate in the aging retina, and to what extent they contribute to AMD, remains to be fully addressed. Nonetheless, the hypothesis that Aβ is a therapeutic target in AMD is debated. Here, we showed that long-term treatment with SkQ1 (250 nmol/[kg body weight] daily from the age of 1.5 to 22 months) suppressed the development of AMD-like pathology in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats by reducing the level of Aβ and suppressing the activity of mTOR in the retina. Inhibition of mTOR signaling activity, which plays key roles in aging and age-related diseases, can be considered a new mechanism of the prophylactic effect of SkQ1. It seems probable that dietary supplementation with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 can be a good prevention strategy to maintain eye health and possibly a treatment of AMD.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide prevents PKCε-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption during EPEC infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (5) ◽  
pp. G389-G402 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Morampudi ◽  
V. S. Conlin ◽  
U. Dalwadi ◽  
X. Wu ◽  
K. C. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Barrier Disruption ◽  
Long Term Treatment

We previously showed that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) protects against bacterial pathogen-induced epithelial barrier disruption and colitis, although the mechanisms remain poorly defined. The aim of the current study was to identify cellular pathways of VIP-mediated protection with use of pharmacological inhibitors during enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection of Caco-2 cell monolayers and during Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. EPEC-induced epithelial barrier disruption involved the PKC pathway but was independent of functional cAMP, Rho, and NF-κB pathways. VIP mediated its protective effects by inhibiting EPEC-induced PKC activity and increasing expression of the junctional protein claudin-4. Short-term treatment with TPA, which is known to activate PKC, was inhibited by VIP pretreatment, while PKC degradation via long-term treatment with TPA mimicked the protective actions of VIP. Immunostaining for specific PKC isotypes showed upregulated expression of PKCθ and PKCε during EPEC infection. Treatment with specific inhibitors revealed a critical role for PKCε in EPEC-induced barrier disruption. Furthermore, activation of PKCε and loss of barrier integrity correlated with claudin-4 degradation. In contrast, inhibition of PKCε by VIP pretreatment or the PKCε inhibitor maintained membrane-bound claudin-4 levels, along with barrier function. Finally, in vivo treatment with the PKCε inhibitor protected mice from C. rodentium-induced colitis. In conclusion, EPEC infection increases intracellular PKCε levels, leading to decreased claudin-4 levels and compromising epithelial barrier integrity. VIP inhibits PKCε activation, thereby attenuating EPEC-induced barrier disruption.

Analysis of long-term treatment outcomes and toxicty of HL

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19536-e19536
Author(s):  
J. Y. Ngeow ◽  
R. Quek ◽  
M. Tao ◽  
H. C. Tan ◽  
L. Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Bulky Disease ◽  
Nodular Sclerosis ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Treatment Data

e19536 Background: Prognosis of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has substantially improved but therapy of HL can however contribute to delayed toxicity. Long term treatment outcomes of HL in our local population were evaluated. Methods: Clinical and treatment data was prospectively collected from all patients with a histological diagnosis of HL. Patients were all fully staged with CT scan and bone marrow biopsy. Results: On the basis of 217 patients seen at the National Cancer Centre Singapore between 1990–2008, we found that there was a peak in young adulthood with 103 patients who were diagnosed before the age of 30 (48%), median age of presentation 32 (range 17–84). Patients who were young (< 30 years) were more likely to present with nodular sclerosis HL (p=0.0001). Treatment outcomes were comparable to other published series, 85% of cases received ABVD based treatment. 5 year OS for early stage HL was 92% and 88% for advanced stage HL. Overall FFTF was 93% at 5 years. Of note, comparing patients with early stage (Stage I/ II) HL (n=114) who had ABVD 4 cycles followed by involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) with those who received 6–8 cycles of ABVD, there was no difference in OS, FFTF (p= 0.99, 0.48 respectively). Bulky early stage HL who received 6 cycles of ABVD and IFRT had better FFTF rates than those who had just 4 cycles of ABVD followed by IFRT (p=0.06). In contrast, patients patients with advanced HL (Stage III/ IV) (n=70) who completed 6–8 cycles of ABVD did not benefit from additional IFRT even in the presence of bulky disease (n=15). Acute toxicities included that of bleomycin induced pneumonitis (BIP) seen in 15% of cases. Neither the omission of bleomycin nor the presence BIP adversely affected treatment outcomes. Hematological malignancies were seen in 1% of survivors appearing after a median of 7.3 years. Hypothyroidism was noted in 3% of cases. Conclusions: 1) Epidemiology of HL in Singapore is increasingly similar to that of developed countries with a peak in young adults. 2)Young age was predictive of a nodular sclerosis subtype 3) Abbreviated chemotherapy using 4 cycles of ABVD followed by IFRT performed similarly to 6 cycles of ABVD in early stage HL, but in patients with bulky disease this may not be sufficient. 4) BIP occurred in 15% of cases. BIP and the omission of bleomycin did not adversely affect treatment outcomes. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the quality composition of micromycetes in the air of the premises of stationary medical institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Dariya S. Tupikova ◽  
Igor I. Berezin ◽  
Alexander V. Zhestkov ◽  
Artem V. Lyamin ◽  
Andrey V. Kozlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Class B

Introduction. Today, micromycetes are the most common pathogens found in residential and industrial premises and in the hospital environment. At the same time, mold fungi are the cause not only of allergic diseases but also of mycoses of various localization. Mold fungi are hazardous for patients in hospitals on long-term treatment and exposed to immunosuppression factors. Medical personnel who spent a long time in rooms with high contamination by micromycetes in the air can develop mycogenic sensitization. The aim of this work was to show the quantitative and qualitative composition of fungi surrounding the patient and the doctor in multidisciplinary hospitals. Materials and methods. With the help of a microbiological aspirator, air samples were taken in the premises of class B of surgical and therapeutic departments, followed by sowing on Saburo agar. The identified fungi were identified using classical methods and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry using Microflex LT (Bruker). Results. In the course of the study, the assessment of fungal contamination of class B premises in treatment and prophylactic institutions was carried out to assess the qualitative and quantitative composition. Also, comparing the composition and number of micromycetes between the premises of departments of different profiles was carried out. A high level of contamination of micromycetes in medical premises of class B - 100% of cases was revealed in studies of objects of the hospital environment. The structure of the identified fungi was very diverse. In all air samples were isolated fungi genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Alternaria, and Ulcoladium. Spores of these fungi belonging to opportunistic or saprophytes are found in the air everywhere. Still, a significant increase in microbial load due to micromycetes can cause such typical allergic diseases as bronchial asthma, allergic skin dermatoses, and allergies of other locations. Conclusion. The study results revealed increased fungal contamination in healthcare facilities that require a more careful approach to compliance with the microclimate parameters.

scholarly journals Association Between Breastmilk Microbiota and Food Allergy in Infants

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Yuan Wei ◽  
Luyan Liu ◽  
Zailing Li
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
The Relationship

Regulating the composition of human breastmilk has the potential to prevent allergic diseases early in life. The composition of breastmilk is complex, comprising varying levels of oligosaccharides, immunoactive molecules, vitamins, metabolites, and microbes. Although several studies have examined the relationship between different components of breastmilk and infant food allergies, few have investigated the relationship between microorganisms in breastmilk and infant food allergy. In the present study, we selected 135 healthy pregnant women and their full-term newborns from a cohort of 202 mother–infant pairs. Among them, 69 infants were exclusively breastfed until 6 mo after birth. At follow-up, 11 of the 69 infants developed a food allergy in infancy while 22 showed no signs of allergy. Thirty-three breastmilk samples were collected within 1 mo after delivery, and 123 infant fecal samples were collected at five time points following their birth. These samples were analyzed using microbial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The abundance and evenness of the milk microbiota and the number of differential bacteria were higher in the breastmilk samples from the non-allergy group than in those from the food allergy group. The non-allergy group showed relatively high abundance of Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Clostridium IV, Clostridium XIVa, Veillonella, and butyrate-producing bacteria such as Fusobacterium, Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus. In contrast, the abundance of Proteobacteria, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas in breastmilk was higher in the food allergy group. A comparison of the changes in dominant differential breastmilk microbiota in the intestinal flora of the two groups of infants over time revealed that the changes in Bifidobacterium abundance were consistent with those in the breastmilk flora. Functional pathway prediction of breastmilk microflora showed that the enhancement of the metabolic pathways of tyrosine, tryptophan, and fatty acids was significantly different between the groups. We suggest that changes in the breastmilk microbiota can influence the development of food allergies. Breastmilk contains several microbes that have protective effects against food allergies, both by influencing the colonization of intestinal microbiota and by producing butyrate. This study may provide new ideas for improving infant health through early intervention with probiotics.

scholarly journals Hypersensitivity in a dog accompanied by generalised onychodystrophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Tina Kotnik
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Elimination Diet ◽  
Food Hypersensitivity ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Canine Atopic Dermatitis

Canine food hypersensitivity and canine atopic dermatitis are two of the most common allergic diseases in dogs. Food hypersensitivity is typically non-seasonal reaction of types I, III and IV, directed most commonly against glycoproteins in the foods. Canine atopic dermatitis is a genetically predisposed inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease with characteristic clinical features associated with IgE most commonly directed against environmental allergens. Irrespective of allergens that dogs are sensitised to, clinical symptoms in acute cases involve pruritus with erythema of the skin around lips, axillae, inguinal and perianal region or feet as well as external ear canal inflammation. In chronic cases, consequences of self-trauma and secondary bacterial or fungal infections may be present as excoriations, lichenification and hyperpigmentation. Hypersensitivity can have a strong impact on quality of life of diseased dogs as well as of their owners. A mixed breed female dog with heavily expressed generalised onychodystrophy accompanied by mild erythema of the groin and external ear canals, which responded to elimination diet and allergen-specific immunotherapy, is presented.

scholarly journals New Therapeutic Approaches for Allergy: A Review of Cell Therapy and Bio- or Nano-Material-Based Strategies

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2149
Author(s):  
Juan L. Paris ◽  
Paz de la Torre ◽  
Ana I. Flores
Keyword(s):  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Nano Material

Allergy constitutes a major health issue due to its large prevalence. The established therapeutic approaches (allergen avoidance, antihistamines, and corticosteroids) do not address the underlying causes of the pathology, highlighting the need for other long-term treatment options. Antigen-specific immunotherapy enables the long-term control of allergic diseases by promoting immunological tolerance to the allergen. However, efficacious immunotherapies are not available for all possible allergens, and the risk of undesired reactions during therapy remains a concern, especially in patients with severe allergic reactions. In this context, two types of therapeutic strategies appear especially promising for the future in the context of allergy: cell therapy and bio- or nano-material-based therapy. In this review, the main strategies developed this far in these two types of strategies are discussed, with several examples illustrating the different approaches.

scholarly journals Clinical manifestations of atopy in children up to two years of age

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 690-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevenka Ilic ◽  
Vesna Velickovic ◽  
Dragoljub Djokic ◽  
Nebojsa Rankovic ◽  
Gordana Kostic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Atopic Diseases ◽  
Ige Antibodies ◽  
Total Ige

Background/Aim. Atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma have had increased prevalence during the past decade and nowadays occur in every third child in developed countries. The aim of the study was to determine frequency and type of atopic diseases at the age of two, as well as the importance the total IgE antibodies concentrations have in diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Methods. The study involved 175 children up to two years of age. Allergy-like symptoms were found after surveying their parents and pediatric medical records. Using the fluorescence immunossay (FIA) method, total IgE antibodies concentrations and specific IgE antibodies (Phadiatop infant) were determined on an Immunocap 100 Dyagnostic System. Results. One or more allergy-like symptoms accounted for 57.7% of findings in children under the age of two, whilst in 19.4% the existence of IgE-related allergic diseases was found. Atopic diseases usually have clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis (11.4%), IgE-bound wheezing/asthma (10.8%) and food allergies (7.4%), and to much lesser extent those of allergic rhinitis (3.4%) and urticaria (1.7%). The significantly higher total IgE antibodies concentrations were found in children with allergy-like symptoms (p < 0.0005) (cut-off 15.15 kU/L, sensitivity 76.5% specificity 71.6%). Conclusion. Almost 20% of two-year-old children have any of clinically manifested allergic diseases, with atopic dermatitis and IgE wheeze/asthma being predominant. The higher total IgE antibodies concentration is a good marker for sensitization in children with allergy-like symptoms.

scholarly journals Solid Food Introduction and the Development of Food Allergies

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Caffarelli ◽  
Dora Di Mauro ◽  
Carla Mastrorilli ◽  
Paolo Bottau ◽  
Francesca Cipriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Egg Allergy ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Severe Eczema

The rise of food allergy in childhood, particularly among developed countries, has a significant weight on public health and involves serious implications for patients’ quality of life. Even if the mechanisms of food tolerance and the complex interactions between the immune system and environmental factors are still mainly unknown, pediatricians have worldwide implemented preventive measures against allergic diseases. In the last few decades, the prevention of food allergy has tracked various strategies of complementary feeding with a modification of international guidelines from delayed introduction to early weaning. Current evidence shows that complementary foods, including allergenic ones, should be introduced into diet after four months, or even better, following World Health Organization advice, around six months irrespective of risk for allergy of the individual. The introduction of peanut is recommended before 12 months of age among infants affected by severe eczema and/or egg allergy to diminish the occurrence of peanut allergy in countries with high peanut consumption. The introduction of heated egg at 6–8 months of age may reduce egg allergy. Infants at high risk of allergy similarly to healthy children should introduce complementary foods taking into account family and cultural preferences.

scholarly journals Protective effects of Zingiber officinale extract on myocardium and placenta against labetalol-induced histopathological, immune-histochemical, and ultrastructural alterations in pregnant rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend T. El-Borm ◽  
Marwa N. Atallah
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Management ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Maternal Hypertension

Abstract Background Labetalol is an antihypertensive drug commonly used in obstetrics for both long-term treatment and the acute management of severe maternal hypertension. However, there have not been published articles about the effects of labetalol on the myocardium and the placenta. This study aimed to estimate the histological, immune-histochemical, and ultrastructural cardio- and placental-toxicity of labetalol administration and the effectiveness of ginger against this toxicity in pregnant rats. Labetalol was daily administrated orally with or without ginger at a dose of 300 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively, during the gestation days 6 to 20. Results In the labetalol-administrated group, the myocardium displayed histological and ultrastructure destructive changes and a significant increase in caspase-3 expression. Labetalol also decreased the placental weight compared with the control group, caused marked degeneration and disorganization of their architecture, and increased caspase-3 expression. Co-administration of ginger after labetalol highly ameliorates the adverse effect of labetalol on both cardiac and placental tissues. Conclusions It is concluded that ginger can mitigate cardiac and placental toxicity induced by labetalol administration into pregnant rats.

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