scholarly journals SuperGrand’s : la tipografía como elemento integrado en la obra temprana de Robert Venturi, 1962-1969 = Typography as an element integrated into the early work of Robert Venturi, 1962-1969

2020 ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Esteban Maluenda ◽  
Enrique Encabo Seguí
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Architectural Element ◽  
Robert Venturi ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

ResumenEste texto pretende demostrar la importancia de la integración de los sistemas tipográficos en el proyecto arquitectónico a partir del análisis de la reforma del Grand’s Restaurant (Filadelfia, 1962) de Robert Venturi y William Short. Elegir este caso de estudio permite entender el impacto de este recurso en la etapa temprana de Venturi (1962-1969). El tema remite a contenidos y aspectos que, hasta la fecha, permanecen prácticamente inéditos a pesar de los muchos estudios dedicados a la obra y escritos del arquitecto. A pesar de su discreto tamaño y presupuesto, el Grand’s concen­tró de manera ejemplar tanto aspectos teóricos de la propia investigación de Venturi, como fue, asimismo, precursor de otras corrientes interdisciplinares del momento como Supergraphics. La escritura es aquí un elemento arquitectónico de ‹pleno derecho› que afecta a la interpretación del proyecto, a su carácter simbólico y su entendimiento como integrante del orden y la composición arquitectónicos.AbstractThis article, based on an analysis of the refurbishing of Grand’s Restaurant (Philadelphia, 1962), designed by Robert Venturi and William Short, aims to show the importance of integrating systems of typography into architectural design. Choosing this case study enables the impact of typogra­phy on Venturi’s early period (1962-1969) to be examined. The theme involves content and aspects which have remained virtually unexplored to date despite the many studies devoted to Ventu­ri’s architecture and those written by the architect himself. Despite its modest size and budget, Grand’s not only exemplarily condensed theoretical aspects of Venturi’s own investigation but also served as a precursor for other interdisciplinary trends of the time such as Supergraphics. Writing in Grand’s is a ‹fully-fledged› architectural element affecting the design’s interpretation, its symbolic nature and its understanding as part of an architectural order and composition.

scholarly journals A Curated Cacophony: Implementing an Intangible

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Oliver Wright
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
The North ◽  
Architectural Element ◽  
Convex Curves ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Design ◽  
Target Design ◽  
Acoustic Measure

<p>This research investigates a progression away from acoustics formed by spaces and towards spaces that are driven by target acoustics. Despite architecture and acoustics’ shared consideration of form, materiality and inhabitation, too often acoustics is neglected from design and so is treated remedially, nullifying creativity. A case study project was undertaken to investigate the opportunities and limitations of two parametric tools, Galapagos (a generative solver) and Pachyderm (an acoustic simulation tool), to develop acoustic qualities in early architectural design. Yet, what are these acoustic qualities and how could they be measured? Testing of cafes in the Wellington CBD was undertaken to investigate these questions.  Six cafes were acoustically tested and five patrons from each of these completed a subjective survey. The café testing suggested that Reverberation Time (RT) could be an effective acoustic measure to direct architectural design. The café with the lowest patron enjoyment rating also recorded the longest RT and highest Sound Pressure Level (SPL), reinforcing the relationship between these three elements. Through these findings, patron enjoyment was concluded to be dependent on SPL and SPL was concluded to be dependent on RT (Whitlock and Dodd, 424). In order to increase patron enjoyment, Galapagos was utilised to explore possible forms that met a target design RT of 0.7 seconds. An RT of 0.7 seconds was chosen as it was shorter than the AS/NZS 2107 (2000) maximum and was comparable to the cafés with the two highest subjective enjoyment ratings.  Through a parametric and analogue design methodology, Galapagos and Pachyderm were used to investigate how acoustic goals could shape a café design. The case study project produced a design that not only meets this acoustic criterion but harnesses form to sculpt sound. Instead of applying absorption to flat surfaces, the convex curves on the north and east facades disperse sound, producing both a diffuse environment and an engaging architectural element. This integrated investigation demonstrated that a parametric and analogue design process can be implemented to create a acoustically and architecturally effective design.</p>

Dynamic-SoS: An Approach for the Simulation of Systems-of-Systems Dynamic Architectures

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-731
Author(s):  
Wallace Manzano ◽  
Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto ◽  
Elisa Yumi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Systems Of Systems ◽  
Dynamic Architecture ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Operation Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reconfiguration Controller

Abstract Systems-of-Systems (SoS) combine heterogeneous, independent systems to offer complex functionalities for highly dynamic smart applications. Besides their dynamic architecture with continuous changes at runtime, SoS should be reliable and work without interrupting their operation and with no failures that could cause accidents or losses. SoS architectural design should facilitate the prediction of the impact of architectural changes and potential failures due to SoS behavior. However, existing approaches do not support such evaluation. Hence, these systems have been usually built without a proper evaluation of their architecture. This article presents Dynamic-SoS, an approach to predict/anticipate at design time the SoS architectural behavior at runtime to evaluate whether the SoS can sustain their operation. The main contributions of this approach comprise: (i) characterization of the dynamic architecture changes via a set of well-defined operators; (ii) a strategy to automatically include a reconfiguration controller for SoS simulation; and (iii) a means to evaluate architectural configurations that an SoS could assume at runtime, assessing their impact on the viability of the SoS operation. Results of our case study reveal Dynamic-SoS is a promising approach that could contribute to the quality of SoS by enabling prior assessment of its dynamic architecture.

THE IMPACT OF MESSAGE-BUFFER ALIGNMENT ON COMMUNICATION PERFORMANCE

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEON ARBER ◽  
SCOTT PAKIN
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
Accepted Practice ◽  
The Many ◽  
Performance Discrepancy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Of the many factors that contribute to communication performance, perhaps one of the least investigated is that of message-buffer alignment. Although the generally accepted practice is to page-align buffer memory for best performance, our studies show that the actual relationship of buffer alignment to communication performance cannot be expressed with such a simple formula. This paper presents a case study in which porting a simple network performance test from one language to another resulted in a large performance discrepancy even though both versions of the code consist primarily of calls to messaging-layer functions. Careful analysis of the two code versions revealed that the discrepancy relates to the alignment in memory of the message buffers. Further investigation revealed some surprising results about the impact of message-buffer alignment on communication performance: (1) different networks and node architectures prefer different buffer alignments; (2) page-aligned memory does not always give the best possible performance, and, in some cases, actually yields the worst possible performance; and, (3) on some systems, the most significant factor affecting network performance is the relative alignment of send and receive buffers with respect to each other.

scholarly journals A Curated Cacophony: Implementing an Intangible

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Oliver Wright
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
The North ◽  
Architectural Element ◽  
Convex Curves ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Design ◽  
Target Design ◽  
Acoustic Measure

<p>This research investigates a progression away from acoustics formed by spaces and towards spaces that are driven by target acoustics. Despite architecture and acoustics’ shared consideration of form, materiality and inhabitation, too often acoustics is neglected from design and so is treated remedially, nullifying creativity. A case study project was undertaken to investigate the opportunities and limitations of two parametric tools, Galapagos (a generative solver) and Pachyderm (an acoustic simulation tool), to develop acoustic qualities in early architectural design. Yet, what are these acoustic qualities and how could they be measured? Testing of cafes in the Wellington CBD was undertaken to investigate these questions.  Six cafes were acoustically tested and five patrons from each of these completed a subjective survey. The café testing suggested that Reverberation Time (RT) could be an effective acoustic measure to direct architectural design. The café with the lowest patron enjoyment rating also recorded the longest RT and highest Sound Pressure Level (SPL), reinforcing the relationship between these three elements. Through these findings, patron enjoyment was concluded to be dependent on SPL and SPL was concluded to be dependent on RT (Whitlock and Dodd, 424). In order to increase patron enjoyment, Galapagos was utilised to explore possible forms that met a target design RT of 0.7 seconds. An RT of 0.7 seconds was chosen as it was shorter than the AS/NZS 2107 (2000) maximum and was comparable to the cafés with the two highest subjective enjoyment ratings.  Through a parametric and analogue design methodology, Galapagos and Pachyderm were used to investigate how acoustic goals could shape a café design. The case study project produced a design that not only meets this acoustic criterion but harnesses form to sculpt sound. Instead of applying absorption to flat surfaces, the convex curves on the north and east facades disperse sound, producing both a diffuse environment and an engaging architectural element. This integrated investigation demonstrated that a parametric and analogue design process can be implemented to create a acoustically and architecturally effective design.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of Shape Factor on Energy Demand, CO2 Emissions and Energy Cost of Residential Buildings in Cold Oceanic Climates: Case Study of South Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9491
Author(s):  
Manuel Carpio ◽  
David Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Shape Factor ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Thermal Transmittance ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Oceanic Climate ◽  
The Impact

The increase in energy consumption that occurs in the residential sector implies a higher consumption of natural resources and, therefore, an increase in pollution and a degradation of the ecosystem. An optimal use of materials in the thermal envelope, together with efficient measures in the passive architectural design process, translate into lower energy demands in residential buildings. The objective of this study is to analyse and compare, through simulating different models, the impact of the shape factor on energy demand and CO2 emissions depending on the type of construction solution used in the envelope in a cold oceanic climate in South Chile. Five models with different geometries were considered based on their relationship between exposed surface and volume. Additionally, three construction solutions were chosen so that their thermal transmittance gradually complied with the values required by thermal regulations according to the climatic zone considered. Other parameters were equally established for all simulations so that their comparison was objective. Ninety case studies were obtained. Research has shown that an appropriate design, considering a shape factor suitable below 0.767 for the type of cold oceanic climate, implies a decrease in energy demand, which increased when considering architectural designs in the envelope with high values of thermal resistance.

scholarly journals Growing Thanks to Whom? The Impact of Staff on Demand on Organizational Growth Dynamics: Evidence from Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Leonardo Pompa
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Organizational Growth ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Young fast-growing companies operating in the digital economy represent a tendency which has, so far, been little explored by academic literature that has, until now, not been able to form a systematic approach to this topic. Among the many factors that can help to explain their rapid evolutionary dynamics, some researchers (Ismail, 2013; Burke, 2015) underline the so-called use of Staff on Demand, that is to say freelance workers. In other words, freelance personnel. One usually thinks that not having stable relationships with the companies for which they work, contractors can help to streamline organizational processes and therefore favour faster growth. By means of a multiple case study, this paper will show that, contrary to belief, Staff on Demand represents an important but not crucial presence for fast-growing companies. The case study was carried out on a number of recently formed Swedish companies. The collection of data and the interviews with their founders, CEOs and HR Officers, clearly show that the most important role is still played by full time employees and that the presence of Staff on Demand does not affect in any substantial way the growth of a company or of Human Resource management.

scholarly journals The development of an arts centre with the application of futuristic architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 878 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
J B Pane ◽  
J Rilatupa ◽  
S Simatupang
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Art Appreciation ◽  
Art Gallery ◽  
Art Activities ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Art is a culture that was born from human freedom of expression. One type is contemporary art, which is the development of art that is affected by the impact of modernization, but contemporary and modern are two different things, because contemporary continues to keep up with the times. Appreciation for art in Indonesia has recently been appreciated both at the national and international levels, art appreciation is shown by the many art activities held, this has resulted in many artists being required to hold their work so they need a place such as an art gallery building so that the public can understand the activities contained therein. and can enjoy the art exhibition. The Contemporary Art Gallery was built to help artists show their work. This building was built with a futuristic architectural design, namely a building style whose planning does not look to the past but to the future, this can be seen from the shape and materials used which have high hi-tech. The appearance of the building is made expressive as the hearts of the artists can be seen from the spatial processing, forms and games of building facades.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on clinical research for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs): A case study of bubonic plague

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0010064
Author(s):  
Tsinjo Fehizoro Rasoanaivo ◽  
Josephine Bourner ◽  
Ravaka Niaina Randriamparany ◽  
Théodora Mayouya Gamana ◽  
Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
Accrual Rate ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

Background Among the many collaterals of the COVID-19 pandemic is the disruption of health services and vital clinical research. COVID-19 has magnified the challenges faced in research and threatens to slow research for urgently needed therapeutics for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and diseases affecting the most vulnerable populations. Here we explore the impact of the pandemic on a clinical trial for plague therapeutics and strategies that have been considered to ensure research efforts continue. Methods To understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the trial accrual rate, we documented changes in patterns of all-cause consultations that took place before and during the pandemic at health centres in two districts of the Amoron’I Mania region of Madagascar where the trial is underway. We also considered trends in plague reporting and other external factors that may have contributed to slow recruitment. Results During the pandemic, we found a 27% decrease in consultations at the referral hospital, compared to an 11% increase at peripheral health centres, as well as an overall drop during the months of lockdown. We also found a nation-wide trend towards reduced number of reported plague cases. Discussion COVID-19 outbreaks are unlikely to dissipate in the near future. Declining NTD case numbers recorded during the pandemic period should not be viewed in isolation or taken as a marker of things to come. It is vitally important that researchers are prepared for a rebound in cases and, most importantly, that research continues to avoid NTDs becoming even more neglected.

The Impact of Decisions Made in Various Architectural Design Stages on Life Cycle Assessment Results

2016 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 593-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedek Kiss ◽  
Zsuzsa Szalay
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Single Family ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an advantageous tool for the analysis of the overall environmental effects of a building. Most of the decisions that influence the final result of an LCA are made during the design process of the building. Therefore, LCA in early design stages is crucial, because the changes in this period of design are cheaper and more effective. However, there are many other aspects that influence the design of a building. During the design process a high number of variables have to be defined, and in each design stage a specific number of variables have to be fixed depending on various engineering considerations. In this paper we investigate the effect of decisions made in each design stage on LCA results. Within this paper the available possibilities are compared with the variant that was actually selected in each stage, and it is evaluated how environmental indicators evolve during the whole design process. The approach is demonstrated on a case study of a realized single family house.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

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