scholarly journals Evaluación de la sostenibilidad en la rehabilitación energética de vivienda social en países mediterráneos = Evaluation of sustainability in the energy rehabilitation of social housing in Mediterranean countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
B Gimeno ◽  
J. Aranda ◽  
D. Zambrana ◽  
A. Conserva ◽  
P. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Use Stage ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Electrical Consumption

Resumen En España, donde existen más de 18 millones de hogares según el último censo del Instituto Nacional de Estadística en 2011, alrededor del 8% de la población reside en viviendas de alquiler social. Del parque de viviendas español, más de la mitad de los edificios se construyeron antes de 1980 y alrededor del 35% entre 1981 y 2006, año en que fue implantado el Código Técnico de la Edificación. Asimismo, más del 80% de los certificados energéticos de edificios existentes registrados hasta julio de 2015, obtiene una calificación E o inferior en términos de emisiones de CO2. Para mejorar estos resultados, la Unión Europea tiene como objetivo alcanzar una tasa de rehabilitación de edificios privados del 2,5% anual, mejorando la eficiencia energética y ampliando la vida útil del parque edificatorio. Sin embargo, los CEEE únicamente representan parte de la etapa de uso, dejando atrás otras, como la de producción, cuyo impacto puede representar un cuarto de las emisiones de CO2 del edificio a lo largo de su ciclo de vida. Para desarrollar una rehabilitación óptima, se propone evaluar la sostenibilidad de los proyectos de rehabilitación incluyendo las etapas de producción, construcción, uso y fin de vida y considerando el impacto medioambiental y económico, así como aspectos sociales relativos a las características de la vivienda social. Este artículo analiza los impactos medioambientales de diferentes soluciones de rehabilitación en vivienda social, tomando como caso de estudio un edificio de vivienda social en Zaragoza. El edificio antes de la rehabilitación supone casi 50 kgCO2-eq/m2año, donde el 60% corresponden al consumo eléctrico durante la fase de uso del edificio. En el estudio también se incluye la variable de confort térmico en situaciones de vulnerabilidad energética. Abstract In Spain, where there are more than 18 million households according to the last census of the National Institute of Statistics in 2011, around 8% of the population lives in social rental housing. Of the Spanish housing stock, more than half of the buildings were built before 1980 and around 35% between 1981 and 2006, the year in which the Technical Building Code was implemented. Likewise, more than 80% of the energy certificates of existing buildings registered until July 2015, obtain an E rating or lower in terms of CO2 emissions. To improve these results, the European Union aims to achieve a private buildings rehabilitation rate of 2.5% per year, improving energy efficiency and extending the useful life of the building park. However, CEEEs only represent part of the use stage, leaving behind others, such as production, whose impact can represent a quarter of the building's CO2 emissions throughout its life cycle. To develop an optimal rehabilitation, it is proposed to evaluate the sustainability of the rehabilitation projects including the stages of production, construction, use and end of life and considering the environmental and economic impact, as well as social aspects related to the characteristics of social housing. This article analyzes the environmental impacts of different rehabilitation solutions in social housing, taking as a case study a social housing building in Zaragoza. The building before the rehabilitation supposes almost 50 kgCO2-eq / m2año, where 60% correspond to the electrical consumption during the phase of use of the building. The study also includes the thermal comfort variable in situations of energy vulnerability.

scholarly journals Społeczne budownictwo czynszowe jako usługa w ogólnym interesie gospodarczym

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-119
Author(s):  
Jędrzej Bujny ◽  
Mikołaj Maśliński
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Housing Program ◽  
Commission Decision ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
General Economic Interest

Social rental housing is one of the possible instruments which are applied to ensure the satisfaction of housing needs. However, public funds which are transferred to entities that operate within this area should be usually classified as State aid. The analysis presented in this paper concerns the following question: is it possible to consider the operation of a social rental housing program as services of general economic interest. This question seems to be a topical issue because of a new legislative initiative aiming at establishing a governmental housing program that was implemented by the Act of 10 September 2015 which amended the Act on certain forms of supporting housing construction. The aforementioned program stipulates the legal frames for refundable and preferential financing that may be granted to specific entities in order to realise investments in social rental housing. The governmental housing program complements earlier local housing policies in force. What is significant is that the Polish legislator decided to qualify support granted as services of general economic interest, as referred to in Commission Decision 2012/21/UE of 20 December 2011 on the Application of Article 106(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to State aid in the form of public service compensation granted to certain undertakings entrusted with the operation of services of general economic interest. Applying Commission Decision 2012/21/UE to this situation raises some doubts as to the lack of clarity of a term “social housing”. Due to a certain controversy over the abovementioned issue, the authors have attempted to examine whether the application of preferential provisions of Commission Decision 2012/21/UE to the social housing program is in accordance with the relevant provisions of EU competition rules.

scholarly journals How to Prioritize Energy Efficiency Intervention in Municipal Public Buildings to Decrease CO2 Emissions? A Case Study from Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4434
Author(s):  
Filomena Pietrapertosa ◽  
Marco Tancredi ◽  
Michele Giordano ◽  
Carmelina Cosmi ◽  
Monica Salvia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
End Use ◽  
Climate Crisis

The European Union 2050 climate neutrality goal and the climate crisis require coordinated efforts to reduce energy consumption in all sectors, and mainly in buildings greatly affected by the increasing temperature, with relevant CO2 emissions due to inefficient end-use technologies. Moreover, the old building stock of most countries requires suited policies to support renovation programs aimed at improving energy performances and optimize energy uses. A toolbox was developed in the framework of the PrioritEE project to provide policy makers and technicians with a wide set of tools to support energy efficiency in Municipal Public Buildings. The toolbox, available for free, was tested in the partners’ communities, proving its effectiveness. The paper illustrates its application to the Potenza Municipality case study in which the online calculator DSTool (the core instrument of the toolbox) was utilized to select and prioritize the energy efficiency interventions in public buildings implementable in a three-year action plan in terms of costs, energy savings, CO2 emissions’ reduction and return on investments. The results highlight that improvements in the building envelopes (walls and roofs), heating and lighting and photovoltaic systems allow reducing CO2 emission approximately 644 t/year and saving about 2050 MWh/year with a total three-year investment of 1,728,823 EUR.

scholarly journals Methodology for the Study of the Envelope Airtightness of Residential Buildings in Spain: A Case Study

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Feijó-Muñoz ◽  
Irene Poza-Casado ◽  
Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano ◽  
Cristina Pardal ◽  
Víctor Echarri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
Air Leakage Rate

Air leakage and its impact on the energy performance of dwellings has been broadly studied in countries with cold climates in Europe, US, and Canada. However, there is a lack of knowledge in this field in Mediterranean countries. Current Spanish building regulations establish ventilation rates based on ideal airtight envelopes, causing problems of over-ventilation and substantial energy losses. The aim of this paper is to develop a methodology that allows the characterization of the envelope of the housing stock in Spain in order to adjust ventilation rates taking into consideration air leakage. A methodology that is easily applicable to other countries that consider studying the airtightness of the envelope and its energetic behaviour improvement is proposed. A statistical sampling method has been established to determine the dwellings to be tested, considering relevant variables concerning airtightness: climate zone, year of construction, and typology. The air leakage rate is determined using a standardized building pressurization technique according to European Standard EN 13829. A representative case study has been presented as an example of the implementation of the designed methodology and results are compared to preliminary values obtained from the database.

scholarly journals SOCIAL HOUSING IN SLOVAKIA. THE TASK AND JUSTNESS OF THE NON‐PROFIT HOUSING ORGANIZATIONS ESTABLISHMENT IN SLOVAKIA

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
L'ubomíra Červenová
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Public Rental Housing

The paper deals with the situation in the housing sector in Slovakia since 1990. It presents changes in the structure of the tenure, the growth of the owner‐occupied housing and decline of rental housing stock. It describes activities, policy and goals of public rental housing sector. It is concerned on a?justness of a non‐profit housing organization establishment in this country. This institution would represent a?new approach in the re‐development of rental housing in Slovakia. It describes the first experiences from the establishment of the non‐profit housing organization and shows the possible risks, that could endanger the function of this institution.

scholarly journals Uso do BIM no processo de quantificação de emissões de Co2 no projeto de edificações: estudo de caso para o software designbuilder

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Gonçalves Borges ◽  
Lucas Rosse Caldas ◽  
Pablo De Caldas Paulse ◽  
Karla Emmanuela Ribeiro Hora ◽  
Michele Tereza Marques Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Building Information Modeling ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Concrete Walls ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Use Stage

A mensuração do desempenho ambiental pela metodologia de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) possibilita a compreensão dos impactos ambientais nas etapas do processo de produção de uma edificação. Para facilitar esse processo pode ser utilizado o Building Information Modeling (BIM). Neste contexto, o presente trabalho consistiu no estudo e avaliação da aplicação do BIM na ACV de edificações a partir de um estudo de caso utilizando softwares que trabalham na plataforma BIM, o Autodesk Revit e o DesignBuilder. Foi possível estimar as emissões de CO2 na fase de pré-uso de uma edificação escolar. No entanto, notou-se problemas na questão da interoperabilidade quando o modelo é exportado do primeiro para o segundo software. A quantificação das emissões foi realizada ainda manualmente, para comparação com os resultados fornecidos pelo software. Os resultados mostraram que a quantificação de CO2 é mais precisa para sistemas construtivos homogêneos, como paredes de concreto. A principal contribuição do presente estudo foi a verificação da viabilidade do software DesignBuilder para a quantificação das emissões de CO2 no ciclo de vida das edificações, como uma ferramenta de projeto para edificações de baixo carbono. Abstract The measurement of environmental performance using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology enables comprehensive understanding of environmental impacts in all stages of the production process of a building. In order to facilitate this process can be used the Building Information Modeling (BIM). In this context, the present paper aims to study and evaluate the implementation of BIM in LCA of buildings from a case study using software that works on the BIM platform, Autodesk Revit and DesignBuilder. It was possible to estimate the CO2 emissions in the pre-use stage of a school building. However, problems have been noted in the interoperability issue when the model is exported from the first to the second software. The CO2 emission quantification was still performed manually, for comparison with the results provided by the software. The results showed that the quantification of CO2 is more accurate for homogeneous constructive systems, such as concrete walls The main contribution of the present study was the verification of the viability of the DesignBuilder software for the quantification of CO2 emissions in the life cycle of buildings, as a design tool for low carbon buildings.

scholarly journals Primary energy and CO2 emissions for a district city and a suburb

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Anton Pitonak ◽  
Martin Lopusniak ◽  
Miloslav Bagona
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
The European Union

Abstract In countries of the European Union, the proportion of buildings in the overall energy consumption represents 40% and their proportion in CO2 emissions 35%. Taking into account dependence of the European Union on import of energy, this represents large quantity of energy and CO2 emissions, in spite of the fact that there exist effective solutions for reduction of building energy demand. In Directive 20-20-20, the European Union adopted three main commitments of fulfillment criteria by 2020. On the basis of this directive, the Slovak Republic declares support of renovation of apartment dwelling houses. Taking into account the fact that state subsidy can be obtained only once, and energy requirements of the European Union are increasingly stricter, a comprehensive approach to renovation of buildings is inevitable. At the same time, it is inevitable to propose the renovation of buildings taking into account requirements stated for buildings for year 2020. Two areas were compared within the case study taking into account primary energy and the quantity of CO2 emissions. Both areas have the same built-up area, but one of them is a district city and the second is a suburb. From results it is obvious that the quantity of primary energy is lower by 88% in the district city than in the suburb. The quantity of CO2 emissions is lower by 69% in the district city than in the suburb.

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