scholarly journals Inspecciones en la gestión del agua de fachadas ventiladas basadas en la evaluación in situ y pruebas de laboratorio = Insights in the water management characteristics of rear-ventilated façades based on on-site assessment and laboratory testing

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Arce Recatalá ◽  
Soledad García Morales ◽  
Nathan Van den Bossche
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Site Assessment ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Rain Infiltration ◽  
Wind Pressures

ResumenLas fachadas ventiladas son sistemas de construcción de fachadas contemporáneas, que incorporan funciones para la gestión del agua en su diseño y construcción. Sin embargo, muy a menudo estas funciones para la gestión de agua no funcionan adecuadamente en todo el sistema del recinto debido a un mal diseño de los detalles constructivos, fallas de construcción en la fachada o lagunas en la comprensión de los mecanismos de infiltración de lluvia, causando que el agua penetre en estos sistemas. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar algunas ideas sobre cómo funcionan las características de gestión del agua de las fachadas ventiladas en todo el recinto del edificio. Posteriormente, se ha probado una maqueta a escala completa en condiciones  de laboratorio. Finalmente, se ha realizado una comparación entre el análisis in situ y los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas de laboratorio, concluyendo que es posible mejorar el comportamiento de gestión del agua de las fachadas ventiladas con la acción combinada de la lluvia y las presiones del viento, si los mecanismos que pueden causar infiltración de agua son bien comprendidosAbstractRear-ventilated façades are contemporary façade construction systems, which incorporate water management features into their design and construction. However, quite often these water management features do not properly work in the whole enclosure syste due to bad design of the constructive details, construction flaws in the façade or gaps in the understanding of the rain infiltration mechanisms causing water to penetrate in these systems. Consequently, the aim of his paper is to present some insights of how the water management features of rear-ventilated façades perform in the whole enclosure system of the building. Subsequently, a full-scale mock-up has been tested in laboratory conditions. Finally, a comparison between the on-site analysis and the results obtained in the laboratory tests has been made, concluding that it is possible to improve the water management performance of rear-ventilated façades to the combined action of wind-driven rain and driving rain wind pressures if the mechanisms that might cause water infiltration are well understood. 

Riesgos operacionales en proyectos de minería subterránea

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Guerrero Useda
Keyword(s):  
Cáncer De Pulmón ◽  
El Sistema

El proyecto del que se derivó este escrito buscó construir una matriz de riesgos operacionales en empresas con proyectos mineros localizados en la región andina colombiana. Siguiendo un enfoque metodológico mixto que combinó investigación documental, observaciones in situ y análisis semicuantitativo, fueron establecidos algunos de los eventos operacionales altamente probables y de consecuencias nefastas sobre la contabilidad de las empresas, la salud ambiental y el patrimonio nacional. A los riesgos operacionales, definidos desde Basilea II como los que generan pérdidas por eventos externos y por fallos en los procesos, personal y sistemas internos, se atribuye la mayor incertidumbre sobre los objetivos fijados por las empresas mineras. Con todo, el análisis de riesgo en las grandes empresas de este sector, lejos de estimar los eventos con pérdida de vidas humanas y de biodiversidad, se enfoca al tratamiento de factores que impiden operar bajo el esquema 24/7/365; así, se relega a un segundo plano factores asociados a la salud y seguridad de las personas y de los ecosistemas involucrados en sus proyectos. Además de los peligros a los que se exponen los mineros por trabajar en atmósferas explosivas, espacios confinados, con techos y pisos frágiles, ambientes oscuros, altas temperaturas y aire impuro, los contaminantes físicos y químicos generados durante las exploración y la extracción deterioran la salud de los mineros por daños auditivos, daños en el sistema nervioso, alergias, enfermedades en las vías respiratorias, silicosis y cáncer de pulmón. Como si fuera poco, la acumulación de residuos peligrosos en diques de colas y presas de almacenamiento impactan negativamente los cuerpos de agua, el aire y los suelos, generan pobreza hídrica y pérdida de la biodiversidad. De cara a este escenario, cabe preguntarse: ¿es justo transferir tales riesgos a las comunidades que habitan los territorios mineros?

scholarly journals Cutting Resistance Laboratory Testing Methodology for Underwater Coal Mining

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Vladimir Čebašek ◽  
Veljko Rupar ◽  
Stevan Đenadić ◽  
Filip Miletić
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Cutting Resistance ◽  
Testing Methodology

The bucket-wheel dredge “Kovin I” for underwater coal mining with bucket-wheel type UCW-450 has been in operation for over 20 years. Based on analyzing the bucket-wheel dredger performance, productivity, maintenance costs, and reliability, a rational decision was made: to rehabilitate the most essential parts of the dredge, including the bucket wheel and the gearbox. However, the selection and construction of the excavator parts were performed on the ground of available laboratory data for digging resistance. The data itself was determined by the testing methodology that did not include the influence of surrounding water pressure at a certain depth of mining. According to the previous findings, it was necessary to develop a specific research and testing program that would involve appropriate laboratory testing of the geomechanical parameters. These were to represent the influence of hydrostatic water pressure on the working environment—coal. Nevertheless, geomechanical laboratory research tests were initially modified to provide reliable data of cutting resistance, especially in the water under different hydrostatic pressures, fully simulating the “in situ” working conditions of mining, i.e., cutting.

Laboratory Testing for HER2/neu in Breast Carcinoma: An Evolving Strategy to Predict Response to Targeted Therapy

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils M. Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Gene Amplification ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Breast Carcinomas ◽  
Testing Strategies

Background Laboratory testing of HER2/neu in breast carcinoma has become vital to patient care following the approval of trastuzumab as the first therapy to target the HER2/neu oncoprotein. Initial clinical trials used immunohistochemistry (IHC) to test for HER2/neu overexpression in order to select patients for therapy. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which tests for gene amplification, is more specific and sensitive than IHC when either assay is compared with HER2/neu overexpression as determined by Northern or Western blot analysis. Many weak overexpressors on IHC testing are not gene amplified on FISH analysis. Such weak overexpressors may be considered false-positives and raise the question of how best to test for HER2/neu. Methods The literature was surveyed regarding testing for HER2/neu overexpression in breast carcinomas and alternative testing strategies. Results False-positive results are a significant problem when IHC is exclusively used to test for HER2/neu overexpression. The false-positives are overwhelmingly confined to the group of 2+ positives and do not respond to targeted therapy. In contrast, concordance between IHC and FISH is high when immunostaining is interpreted as either negative or strongly positive (3+). Whereas some recent studies have suggested that FISH may better predict response to anti-HER2/neu therapy than IHC, others have indicated that IHC is as effective a predictor as FISH. IHC is less technically demanding and costly than FISH. Conclusions IHC analysis of HER2/neu in breast carcinoma is a useful predictor of response to therapy with trastuzumab when strongly positive. Negative immunostaining is highly concordant with a lack of gene amplification by FISH. Most weakly positive overexpressors are false-positives on testing with FISH. Thus, screening of breast carcinomas with IHC and confirmation of weakly positive IHC results by FISH is an effective evolving strategy for testing HER2/neu as a predictor of response to targeted therapy.

scholarly journals ESTUDIO MECÁNICO Y ELECTROQUÍMICO DE LA SUPERALEACIÓN MA956 COMO BIOMATERIAL PROTESICO

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Hugo Canahua Loza
Keyword(s):  
El Sistema ◽  
Dual Metal

Mediante un tratamiento térmico de oxidación a 1100°C, y durante 100 horas, se genera sobre la superaleación MA956 una capa superficial de alúmina alfa, fuertemente adherida con un espesor cercano a 5 micras. El sistema dual metal-cerámica tiene la ventaja de que la capa superficial se genera in situ de manera mucho más sencilla que otros procesos convencionales. Experimentos in vitro han corroborado que la superaleación MA956 con y sin capa superficial de alúmina exhibe un excelente comportamiento frente a la corrosión, mucho más bajo que los biomateriales convencionales. Las elevadas tensiones residuales compresivas generadas en la capa garantizan su integridad durante los ensayos de tracción, fatiga y desgaste. Estos resultados satisfactorios conllevan a pensar en la posibilidad de utilizar esta superaleación en aplicaciones biomédicas.

In Situ Polymerized Wicks for Passive Water Management and Humidification of Dry Gases

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Strickland ◽  
Juan G. Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Water Management

In situ analysis of water management in operating fuel cells by confocal Raman spectroscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Huguet ◽  
A. Morin ◽  
G. Gebel ◽  
S. Deabate ◽  
A.K. Sutor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
In Situ Analysis ◽  
Confocal Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Confocal Raman

scholarly journals Irrigation Events Detection over Intensively Irrigated Grassland Plots Using Sentinel-1 Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4058
Author(s):  
Hassan Bazzi ◽  
Nicolas Baghdadi ◽  
Ibrahim Fayad ◽  
François Charron ◽  
Mehrez Zribi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Sar Image ◽  
Detection Model

Better management of water consumption and irrigation schedule in irrigated agriculture is essential in order to save water resources, especially at regional scales and under changing climatic conditions. In the context of water management, the aim of this study is to monitor irrigation activities by detecting the irrigation episodes at plot scale using the Sentinel-1 (S1) C-band SAR (synthetic-aperture radar) time series over intensively irrigated grassland plots located in the Crau plain of southeast France. The method consisted of assessing the newly developed irrigation detection model (IDM) at plot scale over the irrigated grassland plots. First, four S1-SAR time series acquired from four different S1-SAR acquisitions (different S1 orbits), each at six-day revisit time, were obtained over the study site. Next, the IDM was applied at each available SAR image from each S1-SAR series to obtain an irrigation indicator at each SAR image (no, low, medium, or high irrigation possibility). Then, the irrigation indicators obtained at each image from each S1-SAR time series (four series) were added and combined by threshold value criteria to determine the existence or absence of an irrigation event. Finally, the performance of the IDM for irrigation detection was assessed by comparing the in situ recorded irrigation events at each plot and the detected irrigation events. The results show that using only the VV polarization, 82.4% of the in situ registered irrigation events are correctly detected with an F_score value reaching 73.8%. Less accuracy is obtained using only the VH polarization, where 79.9% of the in situ irrigation events are correctly detected with an F_score of 72.2%. The combined use of the VV and VH polarization showed that 74.1% of the irrigation events are detected with a higher F_score value of 76.4%. The analysis of the undetected irrigation events revealed that, in the presence of very well-developed vegetation cover (normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI) ≥ 0.8); higher uncertainty in irrigation detection is observed, where 80% of the undetected events correspond to an NDVI value greater than 0.8. The results also showed that small-sized plots encounter more false irrigation detections than large-sized plots certainly because the pixel spacing of S1 data (10 m × 10 m) is not adapted to small size plots. The obtained results prove the efficiency of the S1 C-band data and the IDM for detecting irrigation events at the plot scale, which would help in improving the irrigation water management at large scales especially with availability and global coverage of the S1 product.

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