scholarly journals Stimulation Programme for Development of Cognitive Functions of Pupils From Marginalized Romany Communities in Slovakia

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bibiána Hlebová
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
School Age ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Reading Competence ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Short Term Visual Memory

Subject of the study is the issue of effectiveness improvement within the education of socially disadvantaged pupils originating from marginalized Romany communities in younger school age in Slovakia through the stimulation of deficit cognitive functions, in the process of development of their communicative and reading competence. Main objective of the paper is presentation of stimulation programme proposal for development of cognitive functions (sorting, sequential auditory memory, short-term visual memory, addition of sequential patterns, perspective taking, and verbal planning) based on the methodology of dynamic testing of cognitive functions according to diagnostic measure ACFS (Application of Cognitive Functions Scale, Czech version, Lidz, Jepsen, Krejčová, 2014), for work with the adaption of Romany literary text (folk-tale) Children of the Sun from D. Hivešová-Šilanová. Children protagonist from socially disadvantaged backgrounds – Roma boy Lavutaris very sensitively perceives social differences in the intentions of own, minority society, as well as in their co-existence with the major society, and thus the implementation of cognitive stimulation programme takes on significance not only in the process of communicative and reading competence of socially disadvantaged pupils in younger school age, but within the multicultural and emotional education of all the pupils in terms of school inclusion in Slovakia as well.

scholarly journals Cognitive functions in patients with atrial fibrillation at baseline and at different stages after pacemaker implantation depending on the received anticoagulant therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-893
Author(s):  
I M Davidovich ◽  
S A Skopetskaya ◽  
T E Neapolitanskaya ◽  
S L Zharskiy
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Pacemaker Implantation ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Permanent Pacemaker ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Warfarin Group

Aim. Comparative assessment of cognitive functions (memory, attention, cognition and neurodynamics) in patients with atrial fibrillation before and at different stages after implantation of permanent pacemaker depending on the received anticoagulant therapy. Methods. We examined 44 patients (average age 65.5 ± 2.5 years) with ischemic heart disease (IHD) complicated by persistent or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, which required implantation of a permanent pacemaker (PM). The patients were divided into 2 groups: receiving warfarin (28 patients - 63.6 %, average age 65.5 ± 1.6 years) and those who received oral anticoagulants (OAC) (16 patients - 36.4 %, average age 66.3 ± 1.4 years, p = 0.614). To assess the cognitive functions, psycho-physiological complex «Status PF» was used. Results. Before PM implantation, the patients of both groups had decreased indices of visual memory. On days 5-7 after PM implantation, each group showed its increase (p = 0.001 and p = 0.013, respectively). On days 30-40, patients receiving warfarin developed a dramatic decrease of visual memory compared to the previous data and they became reliably lower than in the control group (p = 0.001). In the group receiving OAC, visual memory stayed unchanged (p = 0.076). Similar changes in warfarin group occurred at the assessment of auditory memory and attention volume (p = 0.001). Cognition indices (difficult analogues) were worse at baseline in warfarin group than in the group of OAC (7.0 ± 0.5 и 9.6 ± 0.6, р1 = 0.003) and this interrelation persisted on two following examinations (9.5 ± 0.4 and 10.8 ± 0.4, р1 = 0.041; 8.5 ± 0.4 and 9.8 ± 0.4, р1 = 0.048). Before PM implantation, the patients of both groups required more time of average exposure for neurodynamics test than in the control group (р = 0.001 and р = 0.002 respectively). On days 5-7 after PM implantation, the average exposure time decreased in both groups and they had no differences between each other and with the control (р1 = 0.132, р = 0.934 and р = 0.058). At the second testing only warfarin group had increased the mentioned time, and it exceeded the same parameter in the OAC group (p = 0.007). Conclusion. A comparative assessment of cognitive functions in patients with IHD and atrial fibrillation demonstrated that in the warfarin group and the group receiving OAC patients had cognitive deficit more profound in the patients receiving warfarin. Those differences persisted at different stages after permanent PM implantation.

A Feature-Segmentation Model of Short-Term Visual Memory

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3320 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Sakai ◽  
Toshio Inui
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pattern Complexity ◽  
Convex Part ◽  
Good Account ◽  
Feature Segmentation ◽  
Short Term Visual Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Response Feature

A feature-segmentation model of short-term visual memory (STVM) for contours is proposed. Memory of the first stimulus is maintained until the second stimulus is observed. Three processes interact to determine the relationship between stimulus and response: feature encoding, memory, and decision. Basic assumptions of the model are twofold: (i) the STVM system divides a contour into convex parts at regions of concavity; and (ii) the value of each convex part represented in STVM is an independent Gaussian random variable. Simulation showed that the five-parameter fits give a good account of the effects of the four experimental variables. The model provides evidence that: (i) contours are successfully encoded within 0.5 s exposure, regardless of pattern complexity; (ii) memory noise increases as a linear function of retention interval; (iii) the capacity of STVM, defined by pattern complexity (the degree that a pattern can be handled for several seconds with little loss), is about 4 convex parts; and (iv) the confusability contributing to the decision process is a primary factor in deteriorating recognition of complex figures. It is concluded that visually presented patterns can be retained in STVM with considerable precision for prolonged periods of time, though some loss of precision is inevitable.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Visual Perception Visual Memory Cognitive Functions and Emotional Status among Genders in Elderly Subjects

2021 ◽  
pp. 330-336
Author(s):  
A. Ruhina ◽  
G. Sridevi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Depth Perception ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
Picture Identification

Background: Gender differences in visual memory and perception and cognitive test performance have been significantly influenced by factors like sex Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the gender differences in patterns of cognitive test performance and visual perception in healthy elderly individuals. Methods: Cognitive functions and visual perception was analyzed using clock drawing test and picture identification test in 20 elderly men and women (10 each) and their emotional status was assessed using depression scale Results: The results revealed that females had a better visual memory and depth perception compared to men and the value was statistically significant at p<0.05. Females performed better than men on tests of Picture identification and were better in phonemic verbal skills compared to male men and the value was statistically significant at p<0.05 Conclusion: The present study concluded an innovative finding that women were better in their performance related to visual depth perception and cognitive functions.

Quasiperiodic-Chaotic Neural Networks and Short-Term Analog Memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 2130003
Author(s):  
Natsuhiro Ichinose
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quasiperiodic Solution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chaotic Neural Networks ◽  
Analog Memory ◽  
Short Term Visual Memory ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Chaotic Neuron

A model of quasiperiodic-chaotic neural networks is proposed on the basis of chaotic neural networks. A quasiperiodic-chaotic neuron exhibits quasiperiodic dynamics that an original chaotic neuron does not have. Quasiperiodic and chaotic solutions are exclusively isolated in the parameter space. The chaotic domain can be identified by the presence of a folding structure of an invariant closed curve. Using the property that the influence of perturbation is conserved in the quasiperiodic solution, we demonstrate short-term visual memory in which real numbers are acceptable for representing colors. The quasiperiodic solution is sensitive to dynamical noise when images are restored. However, the quasiperiodic synchronization among neurons can reduce the influence of noise. Short-term analog memory using quasiperiodicity is important in that it can directly store analog quantities. The quasiperiodic-chaotic neural networks are shown to work as large-scale analog storage arrays. This type of analog memory has potential applications to analog computation such as deep learning.

scholarly journals Predictors of Discharge to Home after Thrombolytic Treatment in Right Hemisphere Infarct Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. JCNSD.S6411 ◽  
Author(s):  
E-I. Ruuskanen ◽  
M. Laihosalo ◽  
Je. Kettunen ◽  
H. Losoi ◽  
L. Nurmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Thrombolytic Treatment ◽  
Discharge Time ◽  
Severe Stroke ◽  
Mild Stroke

Background The aim of the study was to assess the association between thrombolysis and length of hospital stay after right hemisphere (RH) infarct, and to identify which cognitive functions were predictive of discharge. Methods The study group consisted of 75 acute RH patients. Thirty-three patients had thrombolysis. Neuropsychologicalexaminations were performed within 11 days of stroke onset. The cognitive predictors were visual neglect, visual memory, visual search and reasoning and visuoconstructive abilities. The outcome variable was time from stroke to discharge to home. Results Thrombolysis emerged as a statistically significant predictor of discharge time in patients with moderate/severe stroke (NIHSS ≥5). In the total series of patients and in patients with mild stroke (NIHSS <5), thrombolysiswas not significantly associated with discharge time. Milder visuoconstructive defects shortened the hospital stay of the whole patient group and of patients with moderate/severe stroke. In all patient groups, independence in activitiesof daily living (ADL) was a significant single predictor of a shorter hospital stay. The best combination of predictors for discharge was independence in ADL in the total series of patients and in patients with mild stroke, and thrombolysis and independence in ADL in patients with moderate/severe stroke. Conclusions Thrombolytic treatment was a significant predictor of earlier discharge to home in patients with moderate/severe RH infarct, while cognitive functions had less predictive power.

scholarly journals Effect of interactions between APOE and ESR1 polymorphisms on cognitive functions in postmenopausal women

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Jarosław Pinkas ◽  
Iwona Bojar ◽  
Mariusz Gujski ◽  
Beata Sarecka-Hujar ◽  
Alfred Owoc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
Pvuii Polymorphism ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionDuring menopause the level of estrogens is decreased, which may lead to cognitive impairment or dementia. Some forms of genetic polymorphism were found to be related to cognitive functions, including APOE and ESR1 (PvuII and XbaI) polymorphisms. In the present study we aimed to analyze the impact of interactions between APOE and ESR1 polymorphisms on cognitive functions in the group of postmenopausal women.Material and methodsThe study group consisted of 266 postmenopausal women aged 50–65 years without symptoms of dementia. A computerized battery of the Central Nervous System Vital Signs (CNS VS) test was used to diagnose cognitive functions. APOE and ESR1 polymorphisms were genotyped using multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP methods, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance in Statistica software.ResultsThe best memory, visual memory, processing and psychomotor speeds were found in women carrying the C allele of the PvuII polymorphism (TC + CC genotypes) in the presence of the APOE 2/3 genotype, while a lower outcome was noted in women with 3/3, and the lowest if they had the 4 allele. In the case of women with TT genotype of the PvuII polymorphism, cognitive functioning did not decrease in women with the 4 allele. A similar effect on cognitive functions was observed for AG + GG genotypes of the XbaI and APOE polymorphisms. Women who simultaneously carried CC PvuII and GG XbaI genotypes had the lowest cognitive functions.ConclusionsInteractions of polymorphic variants of APOE and ESR1 genes influenced cognitive functions in postmenopausal women.

Short Term Visual Memory and the Pulfrich Phenomenon

Nature ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 222 (5194) ◽  
pp. 639-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
BELA JULESZ ◽  
BENJAMIN WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Visual Memory

Capacity Limitation in Short-Term Visual Memory for Contour Curvature

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3365 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1095-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Weber Fraction ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Difference Threshold ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Capacity Limitation ◽  
Set Size ◽  
Short Term Visual Memory ◽  
Contour Curvature

I measured the difference threshold for contour curvature in short-term visual memory (STVM) using a two-interval forced-choice partial discrimination task. In experiments 1 and 2, the study stimulus consisting of 1 to 4 curved contours was briefly presented. It was followed by a single contour stimulus after a retention interval. The subjects judged if the test stimulus had a higher or lower curvature than the corresponding study contour. The results of experiment 1 showed that the Weber fraction increased monotonically with increasing set size. The results of experiment 2 clarified that the set-size effect was not due to a temporal limitation in encoding resulting from the short exposure time. In experiment 3, the study stimuli always consisted of 4 items, but the numbers of memorised items were different in each condition. Nevertheless, the results showed the set-size effect, which indicated that its occurrence depended largely on the capacity limitation in short-term visual memory (STVM) storage. Otherwise, the Weber fraction was not hugely higher for set size 4 compared with set size 1. It was concluded that only 1 object could be retained in STVM with high fidelity, but that at least 4 objects could be retained in STVM with some degree of fidelity.

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