scholarly journals An Estimate of Full Density Curves for Branches on Standing Trees : A Case Study of the Evergreen Broadleaf Tree, Quercus acuta, in the Tokyo University Forest in Chiba, Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Takuya Hiroshima ◽  
Nanae Ito
Keyword(s):  
Full Density ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Broadleaf Tree ◽  
Evergreen Broadleaf Tree ◽  
Quercus Acuta

scholarly journals Harvester Productivity in Inclined Terrain with Extended Machine Operating Trail Intervals: A German Case Study Comparison of Standing and Bunched Trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9168
Author(s):  
Ferréol Berendt ◽  
Eduardo Tolosana ◽  
Stephan Hoffmann ◽  
Paula Alonso ◽  
Janine Schweier
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Thinning Operation ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Broadleaved Tree Species ◽  
Broadleaved Tree ◽  
Multiple Tree

The complexity of highly structured forests with multiple tree species, especially when coniferous and broadleaved tree species are mixed, as well as stands with extended machine operating trail spacing and inclined terrain, create challenging operational conditions for mechanized timber harvesting and extraction. Motor-manually felling trees within the midfield and bunching them at the machine operating trails, prior to the arrival of a harvester-forwarder system, is a complex operation. The aim of this study was to assess and compare tethered harvester productivities of a thinning operation, for felling and processing standing trees and for processing bunched trees, through a time study in forest stands with 40-m distances between machine operating trails. Total operational costs of the analyzed thinning operation were 69 €/m3o.b., including extraction using a multiple forwarder approach. Tree species, merchantable timber volume, and whether the trees were standing or presented as bunched logs all had a significant effect on the harvester time consumption. Moreover, harvester positioning time was significantly shorter when trees were already bunched at the machine operating trail. While the productivity of standing or bunched spruce trees did not differ significantly between the cases (approximately 18 m3o.b./productive machine hours excluding all delays (PMH0)), the productivity of standing broadleaved tree species (8.3 m3o.b./PMH0) was much lower than that of bunched trees (15.5 m3o.b./PMH0). Thus, the described timber harvesting and extraction system may be a valuable option for forest stands with high proportion of broadleaved trees.

O3 and O3+CO2 effects on a mediterranean evergreen broadleaf tree, holm oak (Quercus ilex L.)

Chemosphere ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Manes ◽  
M. Vitale ◽  
E. Donato ◽  
E. Paoletti
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Holm Oak ◽  
Co2 Effects ◽  
Broadleaf Tree ◽  
Evergreen Broadleaf Tree

Decrease in the capacity for RuBP carboxylation and regeneration with the progression of cold-induced photoinhibition during winter in evergreen broadleaf tree species in a temperate forest

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Miyazawa ◽  
Kihachiro Kikuzawa ◽  
Kyoichi Otsuki
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Broadleaf Tree ◽  
Evergreen Broadleaf Tree ◽  
Maximum Photochemical Efficiency

We measured the photosynthetic capacity (RuBP carboxylation and electron transport capacity at 25°C) and the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) from autumn to spring in saplings of two evergreen broadleaf tree species and examined the negative effects of photoinhibition on the photosynthetic capacity. Saplings were grown in pots under three simulated natural light environments typical of temperate forests: an open site, deciduous understorey and evergreen understorey. During winter, the photosynthetic capacity and Fv/Fm synchronously decreased in leaves in the sun, but not those in the shade. We found large differences in Fv/Fm and photosynthetic capacity, along with a positive correlation between Fv/Fm and the photosynthetic capacity among leaves in different light environments. In photoinhibited leaves that were transferred to the shade in mid-winter, photosynthetic capacity increased synchronously with the increment of Fv/Fm. The decrease in photosynthetic capacity in photoinhibited leaves and the synchronous recovery of photosynthetic capacity with photoinhibition supported the hypothesis that photoinhibition depressed the photosynthetic capacity during winter. We showed that difference in the degree of photoinhibition was responsible for the different winter photosynthetic capacity among leaves exposed to different light environments.

scholarly journals Analysis of wood chipping capacity of the Bandit 990XP chipper – case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Mariusz Kormanek
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Effective Capacity ◽  
Work Cycle ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Specific Working

According to the data of the Central Statistical Office, there has been an increase in forest cover in Poland from 27.8% to 29.6% over the last 25 years. This increase contributed to an increase in the possibility of wood obtaining and processing for energy purposes. The aim of the study was to analyse the efficiency of a chipping machine manufactured by the American Company Bandit Industries (Bandit 990XP chipper) based on the working day chronometer. The study was carried out in specific conditions related to the place of the chipper application because the machine was used to process the material obtained from standing trees in the framework of park maintenance. As it was shown during the analysed working day, the effective capacity W1 in the work cycle of the Bandit 990XP machine was 9.2 m<sup>3</sup>∙h<sup>–1</sup> chips. Specific working conditions made it impossible to organize the work smoothly. Ongoing obtaining of the material for chipping from standing trees resulted in low productivity during the exploitation time of the shift W08 on the level of 1.3 m<sup>3</sup>∙h<sup>–1</sup> chips.

Inhibition effects of the classical pathway complement of isolated compounds from Quercus glauca

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1415-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ill-Min Chung ◽  
Eun-Hye Kim ◽  
Jong-Jin Kim ◽  
Hyung-In Moon
Keyword(s):  
Complement System ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Classical Pathway ◽  
Quercus Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Quercus Glauca ◽  
Broadleaf Tree ◽  
Korean Folk Medicine ◽  
Evergreen Broadleaf Tree

Species of the Quercus species is an evergreen broadleaf tree found not only in Korea but also in China, Taiwan, and Japan. Quercus species is the most commonly occurring plant among the 50 native species of the family Fagaceae in Korea, China, and Taiwan. Quercus species have been used for diarrhea, dysentery, dermatitis, and hemorrhagia in Korean folk medicine. The present study evaluated the anticomplement effect of constituents from Quercus species (Fagaceae) in classical pathway complement system. We have evaluated leaves of five species of the Quercus genus with regard to its anticomplement activity and have identified its active principles following activity-guided isolation. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the 80% methanol extracts of the stem barks of Quercus glauca Thunberg has led to the isolation of galloyl derivatives, displaying high anticomplement activity. Four galloyl derivatives isolated from the leaves of Q. glauca, namely 6′- O-galloyl salidroside (1), methyl gallate (2), 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose (3), and 1,2,6-trigalloylglucose (4). 1, 2, 3 and 4 showed inhibitory activity against complement system with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) values of 224 μM, 362.4 μM, 32.3 μM, and 138.3 μM. Among the compounds tested, 3 showed the most potent anticomplement activity (IC50, 32.3 μM). This is the first report of the isolation and anticomplement activity from Q. glauca.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document