Administering drugs to an individual in a non-pathological situation: The Caster Semenya case

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
N Jagadeesh
Keyword(s):  
Caster Semenya ◽  
Pathological Situation

scholarly journals MODELING OF THE SPINE COMPENSATORY RESPONSE TO DEFORMITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
A. V. Krutko ◽  
A. V. Gladkov ◽  
V. V. Komissarov ◽  
N. V. Komissarova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Sagittal Imbalance ◽  
Spine Deformity ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Spinal Deformities ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Pathological Situation

Objective. To analyze mathematical model of the efficiency of the compensatory mechanism of the deformed spine. Material and Methods. The developed basic kinematic model of the spine was used. The restoration of the position of the projection of the general center of mass (GCM) was mathematically modeled, and mechanogenesis of the spinal deformity and possibility of its compensation were evaluated. To assess the reliability of the mathematical model, spinal skiagrams taken from patients with clinically confirmed pathology and sagittal imbalance were used. Results. On the basis of quantitative characteristics of the primary spine deformity of a certain clinical case and using the developed algorithm, it is possible to create a model of both a primary deformity and a compensatory response from intact segments of the spine taking into account the influencing factors. This makes it possible to use the proposed kinematic model in scientific research on predicting the course of various types of spinal deformities. Conclusion. The proposed algorithms simulating the development of spinal deformities based on the restoration of the position of the GCM projection reflect their mechanogenesis and can be used to model various pathological conditions of the spine. A complete correction of the deformity does not mean a complete cure, since the required spinal fusion creates a new, prognostically less significant, but pathological situation.

Of Athletes, Bodies, and Rules: Making Sense of Caster Semenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-660
Author(s):  
Matteo Winkler ◽  
Giovanna Gilleri
Keyword(s):  
Making Sense ◽  
Caster Semenya

AbstractThis article aims to systematically deconstruct four distinct narratives derived from the case of Caster Semenya v. IAAF (Court of Arbitration for Sport).

scholarly journals What Does it Mean to be a Woman in Sports? An Analysis of the Jurisprudence of the Court of Arbitration for Sport

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-411
Author(s):  
Lena Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Sports Law ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Caster Semenya ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Dispute ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT This article explores the definition of ‘sportswoman’ as put forward in the Caster Semenya case (2019) and the Dutee Chand case (2015) before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). It analyses the structural and discursive factors that made it possible for the CAS to endorse a definition that reduces sex and gender to a matter concerning testosterone. By relying on the concept of intersectionality and analytical sensibilities from Critical Legal Studies, the article shows that framing the cases as a matter of scientific dispute, instead of as concerning human rights, significantly influenced the CAS decisions. Moreover, structural elements of international sports law, such as the lack of knowledge of human rights among CAS arbitrators and a history of institutionalising gendered and racialised body norms through sporting regulations, further aided the affirmation of the ‘testosterone rules’.

scholarly journals When does an advantage become unfair? Empirical and normative concerns in Semenya’s case

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 700-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Camporesi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
International Association ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Case ◽  
Caster Semenya ◽  
Stable Norm ◽  
Fundamental Tension

There is a fundamental tension in many sports: human sex is not binary, but there are only two categories in which people can compete: male and female. Over the past 10 years, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) regulations have been at the centre of two notable legal disputes. The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) reached two contradictory rulings: in the first case (Dutee Chand vs Athletics Federation India and IAAF), the IAAF regulations for the eligibility of athletes to compete in the female category were suspended (24 July 2015) on grounds of "discrimination against the female category"; in the latter (Caster Semenya and Athletics South Africa vs IAAF), the regulations were reaffirmed (1 May 2019) on grounds that although discriminatory, they are necessary to maintain a "level playing field" and to “protect” the female category. Although Semenya’s case has paved the way for questioning existing gender norms in sport, a new stable norm has yet to emerge from her case. The pharmacological solution put forward by IAAF to the tension between fairness and inclusivity of bodies non-conforming to two sexes is not, however, the only possible solution/resolution to the case, as I aim to show in this paper. Here I present some reflections on this topic and suggest how CAS should approach the case if it hopes to resolve it.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF GYPSUM PLASTER COATINGS: STATISTICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM A FIELD SURVEY

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Pereira ◽  
Filipe Palha ◽  
Jorge de Brito ◽  
José Dinis Silvestre
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Statistical Characterization ◽  
Partition Walls ◽  
Gypsum Plaster ◽  
Detailed Statistical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Pathological Situation

This paper provides the statistical characterization of the pathological situation of 119 gypsum plaster coatings applied to partition walls and ceilings (inner gypsum plasters – IGP), the diagnosis methods that can be used to characterize the defects and confirm their causes, and the most suitable repair solutions. The results presented in this paper were achieved via the use of an expert system developed by the authors in an extensive inspection programme covering 23 buildings. A comprehensive set of charts and their detailed statistical analysis describe the results achieved, including the characteristics (temporal, spatial and severity) and frequency of the defects in the sample and the main causes of their occurrence in walls and ceilings. The most appropriate diagnosis methods, preventive measures and repair solutions prescribed for these defects in the sample are also analyzed and the most significant correlations presented. Even though in some instances the pathological situation of IGP is common knowledge, this time it has been characterized via quantitative indicators and using a statistically significant sample, which means that important lessons can be learned.

scholarly journals From the General Affine Transform Family to a Pareto Type IV Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Hürlimann
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Pareto Distribution ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Affine Transform ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Generalised Pareto Distribution ◽  
Iv Model ◽  
General Affine ◽  
Pathological Situation

The analytical form of general affine transform families with given maximum likelihood estimators for the affine parameters is determined. In this context, the simultaneous maximum likelihood equations of the affine parameters in the generalised Pareto distribution cannot have a common solution. This pathological situation is removed by extending it to a four parameter family, called Pareto type IV model.

The accidental celebritisation of Caster Semenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Caster Semenya
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