Tubal ligation on an unmarried girl: How and why?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaibya Saldanha
Keyword(s):  
Tubal Ligation ◽  
Unmarried Girl

The Township, the Pregnant Girl and the Church: Community Dynamics, Gender and Social Control in Early Nineteenth-century Scotland

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-67
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Church Discipline ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Female Community ◽  
The Church ◽  
Unmarried Girl

In 1814 in a small Highland township an unmarried girl, ostracised by her neighbours, gave birth. The baby died. The legal precognition permits a forensic, gendered examination of the internal dynamics of rural communities and how they responded to threats to social cohesion. In the Scottish ‘parish state’ disciplining sexual offences was a matter for church discipline. This case is situated in the early nineteenth-century Gàidhealtachd where and when church institutions were less powerful than in the post-Reformation Lowlands, the focus of most previous research. The article shows that the formal social control of kirk discipline was only part of a complex of behavioural controls, most of which were deployed within and by communities. Indeed, Scottish communities and churches were deeply entwined in terms of personnel; shared sexual prohibitions; and in the use of shaming as a primary method of social control. While there was something of a ‘female community’, this was not unconditionally supportive of all women nor was it ranged against men or patriarchal structures.

Analysis of Media Outlets on Women´s Health: Interest on Contraceptives and their Side Effects, with Negative Perceptions of Tubal Ligation (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon ◽  
Carolina Donat-Vargas ◽  
Maria Llavero-Valero ◽  
Alfredo Gea ◽  
Melchor Alvarez-Mon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Tubal Ligation ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Health Habits ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
The U.S

BACKGROUND Media outlets influence social attitudes toward health habits. Analysis of tweets has become a tool for health research. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of tweets about women´s health and the interest generated among Twitter users. METHODS We investigated tweets posted by 25 major U.S. media outlets about pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women´s health between January 2009 and December 2019 as well as the retweets generated. In addition, we measured the sentiment analysis of these tweets as well as their potential dissemination. RESULTS A total of 376 tweets were analyzed. Pre-menopausal women´s health accounted for most of the tweets (75.3%). Contraception was the main focus of the tweets, while a very limited number were related to infertility (1.4%). With regards to medical content, the effectiveness of contraceptive methods was the most frequent topic (46.2%). However, tweets related to side effects achieved the highest retweet-to-tweet ratio (70.3). The analysis of sentiments showed negative perceptions on tubal ligation. CONCLUSIONS The U.S. media outlets analyzed focused their content on contraception, while Twitter users showed great interest in side effects.

Sonographic Diagnosis of Bilateral Tubal Pregnancies

2021 ◽  
pp. 875647932199235
Author(s):  
Amber R. Matuzak
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Tubal Ligation ◽  
Tubal Pregnancy ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Sonographic Diagnosis ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Preoperative Sonography ◽  
Bilateral Tubal Pregnancy

Bilateral tubal pregnancy (BTP) is a very rare form of ectopic twin gestation. Many times, they occur after the use of assisted reproductive therapy. Most cases of BTP are diagnosed during laparoscopy. This case report demonstrates a rare preoperative, sonography diagnosis of a spontaneous BTP which occurred after a tubal ligation. The sonogram revealed two corpus luteal cysts, both located on the right ovary, which suggests that the left tubal pregnancy most likely occurred as a result of ovum transmigration. This case demonstrates the important role that sonography plays in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancies as well as the importance of thoroughly examining the entire pelvis during a pelvic sonogram.

scholarly journals Association of oral contraceptives and tubal ligation with risk of early natural menopause

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C R Langton ◽  
B W Whitcomb ◽  
A C Purdue-Smithe ◽  
L L Sievert ◽  
S E Hankinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Tubal Ligation ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Early Menopause ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract STUDY QUESTION What is the association of oral contraceptives (OCs) and tubal ligation (TL) with early natural menopause? SUMMARY ANSWER We did not observe an association of OC use with risk of early natural menopause; however, TL was associated with a modestly higher risk. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY OCs manipulate hormone levels, prevent ovulation, and may modify the rate of follicular atresia, while TL may disrupt the blood supply to the ovaries. These mechanisms may be associated with risk of early menopause, a condition associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and other adverse health outcomes. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We examined the association of OC use and TL with natural menopause before the age of 45 years in a population-based study within the prospective Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII) cohort. Participants were followed from 1989 to 2017 and response rates were 85-90% for each cycle. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants included 106 633 NHSII members who were premenopausal and aged 25-42 years at baseline. Use, duration and type of OC, and TL were measured at baseline and every 2 years. Menopause status and age were assessed every 2 years. Follow-up continued until early menopause, age 45 years, hysterectomy, oophorectomy, death, cancer diagnosis, or loss to follow-up. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs adjusted for lifestyle, dietary, and reproductive factors. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Over 1.6 million person-years, 2579 members of the analytic cohort experienced early natural menopause. In multivariable models, the duration, timing, and type of OC use were not associated with risk of early menopause. For example, compared with women who never used OCs, those reporting 120+ months of OC use had an HR for early menopause of 1.01 (95% CI, 0.87-1.17; P for trend=0.71). TL was associated with increased risk of early menopause (HR = 1.17, 95% CI, 1.06-1.28). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our study population is homogenous with respect to race and ethnicity. Additional evaluation of these relations in more diverse populations is important. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS To our knowledge, this is the largest study examining the association of OC use and TL with early natural menopause to date. While TL was associated with a modest higher risk of early menopause, our findings do not support any material hazard or benefit for the use of OCs. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was sponsored by UO1CA176726 and R01HD078517 from the National Institutes of Health and Department of Health and Human Services. The work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The authors have no competing interests to report. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A

scholarly journals Comparing options for females seeking permanent contraception in high resource countries: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Gormley ◽  
Brian Vickers ◽  
Brooke Cheng ◽  
Wendy V. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Tubal Ligation ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tubal Occlusion ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Intrauterine Contraception ◽  
Permanent Contraception ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Background Multiple options for permanent or long-acting contraception are available, each with adverse effects and benefits. People seeking to end their fertility, and their healthcare providers, need a comprehensive comparison of methods to support their decision-making. Permanent contraceptive methods should be compared with long-acting methods that have similar effectiveness and lower anticipated adverse effects, such as the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraception (LNG-IUC). We aimed to understand the comparability of options for people seeking to end their fertility, using high-quality studies. We sought studies comparing laparoscopic tubal ligation, hysteroscopic tubal occlusion, bilateral salpingectomy, and insertion of the LNG-IUC, for effectiveness, adverse events, tolerability, patient recovery, non-contraceptive benefits, and healthcare system costs among females in high resource countries seeking to permanently avoid conception. Methods We followed PRISMA guidelines, searched EMBASE, Pubmed (Medline), Web of Science, and screened retrieved articles to identify additional studies. We extracted data on population, interventions, outcomes, follow-up, health system costs, and study funding source. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias and excluded studies with medium–high risk of bias (NOS < 7). Due to considerable heterogeneity, we performed a narrative synthesis. Results Our search identified 6,612 articles. RG, BV, BC independently reviewed titles and abstracts for relevance. We reviewed the full text of 154 studies, yielding 34 studies which met inclusion criteria. We excluded 10 studies with medium–high risk of bias, retaining 24 in our synthesis. Most studies compared hysteroscopic tubal occlusion and/or laparoscopic tubal ligation. Most comparisons reported on effectiveness and adverse events; fewer reported tolerability, patient recovery, non-contraceptive benefits, and/or healthcare system costs. No comparisons reported accessibility, eligibility, or follow-up required. We found inconclusive evidence comparing the effectiveness of hysteroscopic tubal occlusion to laparoscopic tubal ligation. All studies reported adverse events. All forms of tubal interruption reported a protective effect against cancers. Tolerability appeared greater among tubal ligation patients compared to hysteroscopic tubal occlusion patients. No high-quality studies included the LNG-IUC. Conclusions Studies are needed to directly compare surgical forms of permanent contraception, such as tubal ligation or removal, with alternative options, such as intrauterine contraception to support decision-making. Systematic review registration PROSPERO [CRD42016038254].

scholarly journals Primary Nongestational Choriocarcinoma of the Ovary

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
AMM Shariful Alam ◽  
Syeda Nurjahan Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Rashid Un Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Combination Chemotherapy ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Ovarian Pregnancy ◽  
Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Aggressive Tumor ◽  
Single Agent Chemotherapy ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Worse Prognosis ◽  
Unmarried Girl

Pure primary ovarian choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor. It can be of gestational or nongestational in origin. The gestational type can arise from an ovarian pregnancy or can be of metastatic origin from uterine choriocarcinoma. The nongestational type is a very rare germ cell neoplasm. It is important to distinguish between two types of choriocarcinomas as nongestational origin is highly malignant and has worse prognosis than gestational type. But it is very difficult to differentiate by routine histological examination. Nongestational choriocarcinoma has been found to be resistant to single agent chemotherapy. It occurs usually around 13 years of age and is mainly confined to females under 20. Here we report a case of primary pure nongestational choriocarcinoma of the ovary in an unmarried girl of 14 years, diagnosed in 2001 and treated successfully with surgery and combination chemotherapy and remained disease-free till last reporting in September 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v4i1.18070 J Enam Med Col 2014; 4(1): 56-59

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