scholarly journals Studi Perilaku Balok Beton Bertulang Dengan Variasi Letak Bukaan Menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Eka Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Total Model

Jaringan utilitas pada konstruksi gedung bertingkat yaitu seperti saluran kabel listrik, perpipaan, kabel telepon, pendingin ruangan dan lain-lain, biasanya ditempatkan   pada   ruang   dibagian atas   plafon   atau dipasang menempel pada balok.  Dengan meletakkan utilitas pada balok  dapat  meminimalisasi  tinggi  atau  space dari ruang, juga akan mereduksi volume beton yang digunakan serta lebih rapi. Maka akan memungkinkan untuk mendesain bukaan pada balok beton bertulang, dimana selain berfungsi sebagai struktur yang menahan  dan  menyalurkan  beban-beban  yang bekerja di atasnya, tapi juga berfungsi sebagai pendukung utilitas. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini di program Finite Elemen Method dikondisikan sama dengan keadaan di lapangan. Dalam penelitian dibuat 3 (tiga) variasi letak bukaan , sehingga total model menjadi 3 buah. Dimensi lubang yang digunakan  yaitu luas  lubang  270 cm2 atau  ukuran perseginya yaitu 16,43 x 16,43 cm2. Variasi letak bukaan pada balok mempengaruhi kemampuan balok menahan beban. Semakin banyak jumlah lubang semakin kecil kemampuan balok menahan beban dan letak bukaan pada daerah lapangan lebih baik dalam menahan beban daripada didaerah tumpuan. Hal ini terlihat dari perilaku deformasi yang terjadi sebelum keruntuhan terjadi. Retak yang terjadi pada semua model kebanyakan adalah retak vertikal, hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa sangat diperlukan penambahan tulangan tarik untuk mencegah lebih awal keruntuhan lentur beton yang bersifat getas.Kata kunci : balok, beton, bukaan, finite elemen method

scholarly journals An enhanced set of displacement parameter restraints in CRYSTALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Parois ◽  
James Arnold ◽  
Richard Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Anisotropic Displacement Parameters ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Total Model

Crystallographic restraints are widely used during refinement of small-molecule and macromolecular crystal structures. They can be especially useful for introducing additional observations and information into structure refinements against low-quality or low-resolution data (e.g. data obtained at high pressure) or to retain physically meaningful parameter values in disordered or unstable refinements. However, despite the fact that the anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs) often constitute more than half of the total model parameters determined in a structure analysis, there are relatively few useful restraints for them, examples being Hirshfeld rigid-bond restraints, direct equivalence of parameters and SHELXL RIGU-type restraints. Conversely, geometric parameters can be subject to a multitude of restraints (e.g. absolute or relative distance, angle, planarity, chiral volume, and geometric similarity). This article presents a series of new ADP restraints implemented in CRYSTALS [Parois, Cooper & Thompson (2015), Chem. Cent. J. 9, 30] to give more control over ADPs by restraining, in a variety of ways, the directions and magnitudes of the principal axes of the ellipsoids in locally defined coordinate systems. The use of these new ADPs results in more realistic models, as well as a better user experience, through restraints that are more efficient and faster to set up. The use of these restraints is recommended to preserve physically meaningful relationships between displacement parameters in a structural model for rigid bodies, rotationally disordered groups and low-completeness data.

Simulation in Marine Transportation System

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 74-85
Author(s):  
Khabirul Haque Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Marine Transportation ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Port System ◽  
Total Model

This paper describes a computer simulation model as an essential technique to examine alternative marine transportation systems. A two-port system with a two-deck roll-on/roll-off (RO/RO) ship has been taken for the study to represent a short sea transportation system. All operating variables, including those which exhibit random variation in the RO/RO transportation system, have been incorporated. Productivity data for varying number of tugmasters and for alternative internal access options have been obtained partly from physical observation and partly from the output of a simplified mathematical model. A simple economic model has been incorporated to enable the total model to produce the relevant output for the alternatives. The model also produces as output various histograms for some of the operational indices of interest. In the absence of enough real-life data for comparison, some of the results have been verified through the opinion of experts. It was found that such simulation studies are useful and indeed practical tools for the analysis of complex marine transportation systems.

Architecture and Function Modeling Research on Fusion Diagnosis of Reciprocating Engineering Fault

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 934-937
Author(s):  
Li Yong Wang ◽  
Le Li ◽  
Yang Long Li
Keyword(s):  
Information Fusion ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Distributed Structure ◽  
Reciprocating Engine ◽  
Voltage Signal ◽  
Phase Signal ◽  
And Function ◽  
Total Model

On the basis of complicated structure, various movement forms and high difficulty of fault detection for reciprocating engine, we have implemented the research on fault diagnostic approach by multi-sensor information, carried out the multi-source information fusion based on crankshaft phase signal, vibration signal, ultrasonic signal, pressure signal, ignition voltage signal and oil analysis information, created distributed structure model with multi-source information fusion, explained the parallel, distributed, serial and tree topology structure models, and established total model for multi-source information fusion of reciprocating engine fault diagnosis.

Analysis of Welding Process for Automotive Rear Cradle

2015 ◽  
Vol 1091 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Hak Jae Seol ◽  
Kyoung Teak Lee ◽  
Chang Soo Park ◽  
Kwan Bong Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Transformation Temperature ◽  
Thermal Deformation ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Phase Transformation Temperature ◽  
Side Member ◽  
Cross Member ◽  
Total Model

A rear cradle as one of the suspension system takes a role to connect a tie rod, suspension arm, transmissions and rubber bush. It consists of the side member and cross member which are joined by welding process. However, the rear cradle may be distorted due to thermal deformation during welding process, which cause dimensional tolerance problem when assembling. So, it is necessary to predict the thermal deformation and the optimal welding conditions should be suggested to reduce the dimensional tolerances. In this paper, MAG(metal active gas) welding process was applied in the simulation model using the SYSWELDR, commercial S/W for welding simulation. And then, It should be predicted on the results about the gap and thermal deformation of main cylinder and derived the phase transformation, temperature distribution, residual stress and thermal deformation of total model shape.

Toward a Total Model for the Molybdenum Hydroxylases:  Synthesis, Redox, and Biomimetic Chemistry of Oxo-thio-Mo(VI) and -Mo(V) Complexes

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (12) ◽  
pp. 2946-2947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Smith ◽  
Damian A. Slizys ◽  
Graham N. George ◽  
Charles G. Young
Keyword(s):  
Biomimetic Chemistry ◽  
Total Model

scholarly journals Stochastic perturbations for parametrisation tendencies in a convection-permitting ensemble

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Wastl ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Aitor Atencia ◽  
Christoph Wittman
Keyword(s):  
Ensemble Forecasting ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Shallow Convection ◽  
Stochastic Perturbations ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Total Model ◽  
Stochastic Physics

Abstract. A modification of the widely used SPPT (Stochastically Perturbed Parametrisation Tendencies) scheme is proposed and tested in a Convection-permitting – Limited Area Ensemble Forecasting system (C-LAEF) developed at ZAMG (Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik). The tendencies from four physical parametrisation schemes are perturbed: radiation, shallow convection, turbulence and microphysics. Whereas in SPPT the total model tendencies are perturbed, in the present approach (pSPPT hereinafter) the partial tendencies of the physics parametrisation schemes are sequentially perturbed. Thus, in pSPPT an interaction between the uncertainties of the different physics parametrisation schemes is sustained and a more physically consistent relationship between the processes is kept. Two configurations of pSPPT are evaluated over two months (one of summer and another of winter). Both schemes increase the stability of the model and lead to statistically significant improvements in the probabilistic performance compared to the original SPPT. An evaluation of selected test cases shows that the positive effect of stochastic physics is much more pronounced on days with high convective activity. Small discrepancies in the humidity analysis can be dedicated to the use of a very simple supersaturation adjustment. This and other adjustments are discussed to provide some suggestions for future investigations.

scholarly journals Piezoelectric Configuration for Generating Electricity Using Waves Power

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
A. Arbie ◽  
Z. A. Hasan ◽  
A. W. Nuayi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Electric Voltage ◽  
Average Current ◽  
Total Model

This study is aimed at determining the piezoelectric configuration for generating electricity from wave power through the design of a prototype model named Cov-TOTal. The study was carried out in Tomini Bay, Lopo Village, Batudaa Pantai District, Gorontalo Regency, located at approximately ±50 meters from the shoreline, while the piezoelectric construction was arranged in parallel with varying numbers of 28, 70, and 90 pieces. The result showed that the amount of piezoelectric configuration affects the value of the voltage and electric current generated by the Cov-TOTal model. Furthermore, the average electric voltage values were 17.58, 20.76, and 29.85 volts, while the average current was 1.16, 1.73, and 2.01 mA for each piezoelectric amount. Therefore, the largest values of power and electrical energy for each piezoelectric are 16.65 mW and 0.56 joules, 31.82 mW and 1.20 joules, and 44.59 mW and 1.77 joules, respectively. This study concluded that the amount of piezoelectric configuration has a significant effect on the voltage, current, power, and electrical energy produced.

scholarly journals A possible nonthermal X-ray emission from γ Cas analogues stars

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Elizaveta B. Ryspaeva ◽  
Alexander F. Kholtygin
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Index ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ob Stars ◽  
Total Model ◽  
Power Component

Abstract We analyze the archival XMM-Newton X-ray observations of 15 γ Cas analogue stars and two candidates for such objects. The EPIC spectra of the considered stars in the range of 0.2-8 keV were extracted and fitted by different models. Our estimates show that assuming the X-ray emission from γ Cas analogues to be totally thermal, their model plasma temperatures can reach anomalously high values. However including an additional power components to the model spectra leads to significant decreasing of the plasma temperatures. The spectral index of the power component is about 1.5, and the fraction of this in the total model flux is rather large (50-90%). Moreover, it decreases with expanding temperature of the X-ray emitting plasma as compared to typical OB stars. We conclude that γ Cas analogues can produce nonthermal X-ray emission within the framework of the Chen & White (1991) model, while if the nonthermal X-rays from typical OB stars exists, they should be generated by different processes.

Nonisothermal control of a batch reactor with exothermic reaction using a mathematical model

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1268-1278
Author(s):  
Josef Horák ◽  
Petr Beránek ◽  
Dagmar Maršálková
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Coolant Temperature ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
A Value ◽  
Total Model

A method of nonisothermal control of a batch reactor with exothermic reaction is suggested and tested. The control algorithm is based on jump changes in the inlet temperature of coolant, which is chosen so that the highest difference between the temperature of the reaction mixture and the temperature of entering coolant is held at a value near the highest temperature difference at which the stable pseudostationary state still exists. A total model of the system is used for the prediction of the entering coolant temperature.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document