A study on measures to strengthen the legislative authority of local councils

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
Gwangseop Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Legislative Authority

Sovereignty and Tabu: Evolution of the Sanction against Communication with Excommunicates. Part 1: Gregory VII

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 35-55
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Vodola
Keyword(s):  
Legislative Authority ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Times ◽  
Foundation Stone

Gregory VII’s pontificate is acknowledged as the starting-point for, as Professor Wilks has termed it, ‘the vigorous expression and application of hierocratic principles’, the foundation stone of the medieval papal monarchy and its sovereignty. Gregory revived once and for all, as earlier leaders had succeeded in doing only temporarily, the imperial concept of sovereign legislative authority. Though deeply aware of the limitations imposed by tradition, Gregory raised the pope’s power of lawmaking to a unique sovereign act: ‘He alone can compose new laws to meet the needs of the times’, as it was expressed in theDictatuspapae, the twenty-seven declarations on papal power that were entered into the papal register in March 1075.

Canadian Marketing Codes: How Well are They Controlling Pharmaceutical Promotion?

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Lexchin
Keyword(s):  
Advisory Board ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Pharmaceutical Advertising ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Promotional Material ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Pharmaceutical Promotion ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Prescribing Information

Pharmaceutical promotion in Canada is controlled by two codes: a voluntary one developed by the Pharmaceutical Advertising Advisory Board dealing mostly with printed promotional material, and one from the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association of Canada covering other forms of promotion. This article looks at enforcement of the provisions of these codes and at areas in which they are deficient. One of the major weaknesses in both codes is their lack of effective sanctions for companies that violate their provisions. Strong codes are necessary because many physicians rely heavily on promotional material for their source of prescribing information. However, voluntary codes or codes developed by the industry are inherently weak and lack effective enforcement mechanisms. Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is currently very active in curtailing promotional excesses, government control is not the solution since regulatory action will depend on the ideological position of the head of the regulatory body and/or the party in power. An independent body backed by legislative authority is preferable.

Hobbes's Fifth Law of Nature and its Implications

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-159
Author(s):  
Rosamond Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Law Of Nature ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
Central Piece ◽  
Scholarly Attention

AbstractHobbes presents the fifth Law of Nature, Mutual Accommodation, in Leviathan, Chapter XV. Although a great deal of scholarly attention has been devoted to the first four Laws of Nature, hardly any mention of the fifth appears in the literature. This paper explains the fifth Law as a central piece of Hobbes's theory and thereby reveals his progressive inclinations. Drawing upon relevant passages in Leviathan I show how Hobbes's view of property allocation and reallocation derives from this Law and how attention to mutual accommodation directs sovereigns to constrain their grasping inclinations and curb their disposition to overextend legislative authority.

scholarly journals Islam's Attitude towards Democracy Comparative Study in International Human Rights Law

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Suhail Hussein Al-Fatlawi
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Scholars

<p>Democracy was established in the Greek cities in the fifth century B.C. It is a liberal western system. In this regard, various Islamic countries applied democracy as a political and legal system where the people elect their representatives in the legislative authority in order to put the legal regulations that organize the human behavior.</p>The research included a brief idea about liberal democracy, its history and objectives, the political and legal system in the Islamic state, the dispute among Muslim scholars on the application of democracy in the Islamic states; some Muslim scholars refuse to apply democracy since the legal system in Islam relies on the Holly Qor'an and the Prophet's speeches, which are a biding regulation for Muslims, while other authors believe that Islam accepts democracy and others think that Islam should have its special democracy that differs from the liberal democracy. This paper discussed the political and legal systems that were applied the Islamic state during the history of Islam. Finally the paper presented the most conclusions and recommendations reached by the researcher.

scholarly journals GOODS AND SERVICES TAX: A STUDY ON ROAD MAP FOR 2017

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nidhi
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Local Council ◽  
The Road ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Taxation System

The paper covers the scope of GST and the history of the taxation system in India. The word tax is derived from the Latin word ‘taxare’ meaning, to estimate. “A tax is not a voluntary payment or donation, but an enforced contribution, exacted pursuant to legislative authority" and is any contribution imposed by government whether under the name of toll, tribute, impost, duty, custom, excise, subsidy, aid, supply, or other name.” Taxes in India are levied by the Central Government and the State Governments. Some minor taxes are also levied by the local authorities such as Municipality or Local Council. The paper consists of the demerits of existing taxation system, challenges and opportunities of the GST and the latest amendments with the road map for 2017. With the help of this paper we get the overview of the current amendments and the future efforts to be made in the implementation of GST.

scholarly journals PURPOSE RULES AND THEIR ROLE IN DETERMINING THE REGULATIONS OF DEMONSTRATIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih Al-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
The People ◽  
Islamic Countries

Before going into my research, it is necessary to clarify the principles and pillars that I adopt in my research, and the desired goal that is within my research just to study a phenomenon spread in many Islamic countries, which is to break the legislative authority in mass demonstrations. The aim of which is to obtain the rights of the people that the authorities have kept them aside. It was limited in providing them to citizens, so the pillars of these demonstrations were built on regulations set by Islamic Sharia by relying on the principles of purposes that defined these regulations. My study curriculum was based on the inductive analytical approach, since I relied on extrapolating the intentional rules that affect the arranging of demonstrations, and then I set regulations for the demonstrations based on these intentional rules, and analyze the parts of the regulations to reach at the specific results that serve the community and preserve the lives and property of people. In conclusion, I recommend that researchers pay attention to study the intended aspects of this subject, since preserving the purposes of legitimacy has a great role in creating a safe and disciplined atmosphere for the safety of societies.

scholarly journals Principles of Kyoto and Emissions Trading Systems: A Primer for Energy Lawyers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Evans
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Potential Impact

The Kyoto Protocol defines new emissions standards to be met by the international community in respect of greenhouse gases, the aim of which is to curb the present trend of adverse climate change. The specific responses of ratifying governments to bring about the desired changes will significantly impact citizenry and industry alike. This article addresses the issues surrounding emissions trading systems as market-based policy instruments that may ultimately contribute to Canada s legislative response to the Kyoto standards. Central to this question is the need to familiarize legal practitioners with the implications of climate change and the range of policy responses available to government in the context of emissions trading systems. The author examines responses open to the governments of Canada and Alberta through a review of the international reaction to climate change, the role of emissions trading in environmental regulation generally and the anticipated use of emissions trading to comply with the Kyoto Protocol in the future. The author presents an in-depth analysis of the principles underlying the design of domestic emissions trading systems, of the legislative authority surrounding their implementation and of the need for affected businesses to strategically plan for ensuing changes. The author concludes that while Canada has not yet adopted a policy on domestic emissions trading systems in respect of the Kyoto Protocol, the potential impact of emission standards on domestic sources is pronounced, meriting an inspection of the design features that may form a pan of such trading schemes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document