scholarly journals Attitudes towards sharing housework in couple context: An empirical, factorial survey approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Factorial Survey ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Separate Spheres ◽  
Equal Sharing ◽  
Survey Approach

Objective: This study measured and compared the attitudes of German women and men towards sharing total housework, routine housework and non-routine housework in couples. Background: Although attitudes towards gender roles and the notion of separate spheres are important for understanding many aspects of family life, knowledge about situational variations of women’s and men’s attitudes towards housework sharing is limited. Method: Original data from a factorial survey of 1,120 German women and men from 2016 were used to describe variations in the attitudes of women and men towards three sets of housework using multilevel regression models. Results: Women and men expressed their attitudes towards equal sharing of total and routine housework, but non-routine housework was assigned to male partners in couples. Attitudes differed widely according to the context of the couple: In couples with similar economic resources, respondents favored equal sharing of housework, and in couples with unequal arrangements, the partner with fewer resources was tied to more housework and vice versa. Conclusion: When evaluating housework responsibilities, women and men in this study seemed to follow the principles of equity and balanced exchange.

scholarly journals Online News and Protest Participation in a Political Context: Evidence from Self-Reported Cross-Sectional Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205630512098445
Author(s):  
Nora Kirkizh ◽  
Olessia Koltsova
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Online News ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
The Relationship

Availability of alternative information through social media, in particular, and digital media, in general, is often said to induce social discontent, especially in states where traditional media are under government control. But does this relation really exist, and is it generalizable? This article explores the relationship between self-reported online news consumption and protest participation across 48 nations in 2010–2014. Based on multilevel regression models and simulations, the analysis provides evidence that those respondents who reported that they had attended a protest at least once read news online daily or weekly. The study also shows that the magnitude of the effect varies depending on the political context: surprisingly, despite supposedly unlimited control of offline and online media, autocratic countries demonstrated higher effects of online news than transitional regimes, where the Internet media are relatively uninhibited.

scholarly journals Examining the Effects of the Sacramento Dockless E-Bike Share on Bicycling and Driving

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Dillon T. Fitch ◽  
Hossain Mohiuddin ◽  
Susan L. Handy
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Combine Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bike Share

One way cities are looking to promote bicycling is by providing publicly or privately operated bike-share services, which enable individuals to rent bicycles for one-way trips. Although many studies have examined the use of bike-share services, little is known about how these services influence individual-level travel behavior more generally. In this study, we examine the behavior of users and non-users of a dockless, electric-assisted bike-share service in the Sacramento region of California. This service, operated by Jump until suspended due to the coronavirus pandemic, was one of the largest of its kind in the U.S., and spanned three California cities: Sacramento, West Sacramento, and Davis. We combine data from a repeat cross-sectional before-and-after survey of residents and a longitudinal panel survey of bike-share users with the goal of examining how the service influenced individual-level bicycling and driving. Results from multilevel regression models suggest that the effect of bike-share on average bicycling and driving at the population level is likely small. However, our results indicate that people who have used-bike share are likely to have increased their bicycling because of bike-share.

How local personal vote-earning attributes affect the aggregate party vote share: Evidence from the Belgian flexible-list PR system (2003–2014)

Politics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-479
Author(s):  
Gert-Jan Put ◽  
Jef Smulders ◽  
Bart Maddens
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Vote Share ◽  
District Level ◽  
National Party ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Geographically Distributed ◽  
Party Vote Shares

This article investigates the effect of candidates exhibiting local personal vote-earning attributes (PVEA) on the aggregate party vote share at the district level. Previous research has often assumed that packing ballot lists with localized candidates increases the aggregate party vote and seat shares. We present a strict empirical test of this argument by analysing the relative electoral swing of ballot lists at the district level, a measure of change in party vote shares which controls for the national party trend and previous party results in the district. The analysis is based on data of 7527 candidacies during six Belgian regional and federal election cycles between 2003 and 2014, which is aggregated to an original data set of 223 ballot lists. The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models do not show a significant effect of candidates exhibiting local PVEA on relative electoral swing of ballot lists. However, the results suggest that ballot lists do benefit electorally if candidates with local PVEA are geographically distributed over different municipalities in the district.

scholarly journals Money, power and inequality among married couples in urban Sarawak

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Lynn Wee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Marital Power ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Women And Girls

In accordance with United Nations’ sustainable development goal in achieving gender equality and to empower all women and girls, this paper investigates gender equality and power in marital relationship. Using Resource Theory of Power as a conceptual framework, this paper examines the distribution of marital power among married couples. More specifically, this paper examines to what extent do married couples use money as a bargaining tool to negotiate for more control in two areas: (1) managing economic resources and (2) household decision making. Forty married couples from urban Sarawak were located and interviewed. Results indicate that apart from money, marital power is affected by more influential factors such as ideologies and religious teachings. Consequently, having more money does not necessarily mean having more control over the decision making as decision making in a marriage is often guided by prescribed gender roles in accordance to one’s ideologies, cultural and religious teachings. Hence, gender equality in the management of economic resources and decision making within a household can only occur when an increase in women’s resources is combined with changes in gender roles and ideologies.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal droplet dispersion measurements demonstrate face masks reduce risks from singing: results from the COvid aNd FacEmaSkS Study (CONFESS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Man Alexander Ho ◽  
Hywel Davies ◽  
Ruth Epstein ◽  
Paul Bassett ◽  
Aine Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Planar Imaging ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Droplet Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Droplet Transmission

Background: COVID-19 has restricted singing in communal worship. We sought to understand variations in droplet transmission and the impact of wearing face masks. Methods: Using rapid laser planar imaging, we measured droplets while participants exhaled, said "hello" or "snake", sang a note or "Happy Birthday", with and without surgical face masks. We measured mean velocity magnitude (MVM), time averaged droplet number (TADN) and maximum droplet number (MDN). Multilevel regression models were used. Results: In 20 participants, sound intensity was 71 Decibels (dB) for speaking and 85 dB for singing (p<0.001). MVM was similar for all tasks with no clear hierarchy between vocal tasks or people and >85% reduction wearing face masks. Droplet transmission varied widely, particularly for singing. Masks decreased TADN by 99% (p<0.001) and MDN by 98% (p<0.001) for singing and 86-97% for other tasks. Masks reduced variance by up to 48%. When wearing a mask, neither singing task transmitted more droplets than exhaling. Conclusions: Wide variation exists for droplet production. This significantly reduced when wearing face masks. Singing during religious worship wearing a face mask appears as safe as exhaling or talking. This has implications for UK public health guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Disparities in injury morbidity among young adults in the USA: individual and contextual determinants

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Schmidt ◽  
P Johnelle Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

BackgroundInjuries have been recognised as important public health concerns, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Few studies have examined injuries using a multilevel perspective that addresses individual socioeconomic status (SES) and health behaviours and local socioeconomic conditions in early adolescence. We offer a conceptual framework incorporating these various components.MethodsWe test our conceptual framework using population data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health Wave 4 when respondents were young adults and linked them to contextual level data from when they were middle-schoolers. We use logistic and multilevel regression models to examine self-reported injury risk in young adults by sex (n=14 356).ResultsLogistic regression models showed that men were more likely to experience serious injuries than women (OR 1.75, P<0.0001), but SES and health behaviours operated differently by sex. In stratified models, men with lower education had consistently higher injury risk, while only women with some college had increased injury risk (OR 1.40, P=0.0089) than college graduates. Low household income (OR 1.54, P=0.0011) and unemployment (OR 1.50, P=0.0008) increased female injury risk, but was non-significant for men. Alcohol consumption increased injury risk for both sexes, while only female smokers had elevated injury risk (OR 1.38, P=0.0154). In multilevel models, significant county-level variation was only observed for women. Women living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods during adolescence had increased injury risk (OR 1.001, P<0.0001).ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of investigating mechanisms that link early-life contextual conditions to early adult SES and health behaviours and their linkage to injury risk, particularly for women.

Raising “Our Girls”

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy A. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Child Custody ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Feminist Theology ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Separate Spheres ◽  
Religious Doctrine ◽  
Maternal Custody

This chapter addresses Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s feminist views on maternal custody and parenting. She advocated granting legal rights of child custody to mothers in the event of separation or divorce. Stanton challenged the separate spheres ideology and argued for women to work in paid employment as well as to have pecuniary and social power in the home. To bring about this transformation of gender roles, Stanton articulated feminist parenting ideals of reconstructing gender by raising the next generation of boys and girls in equal moral, educational, and social ways. She took this message to the populace in speeches on the Lyceum tour over eleven years. Ultimately, as this chapter concludes, Stanton argued that religious doctrine must be reformed in order to transform the gendered social roles of women and men, as she articulated in the feminist theology of her Woman’s Bible.

Discoursal representation of masculine parenting in Arabic and English websites

Pragmatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Nahar Al-Ali ◽  
Hanan A. Shatat
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Cultural Ideologies ◽  
Shared Parenting ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Family Life Educators

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences and similarities between Arabic and English parents’ role in Arabic and English parenting website texts and the linguistic exponents used to address parents and signal their roles, and to find out the socio-cultural ideologies that have given rise to variations in gender roles. To this end, a corpus of 40 articles targeting gender-neutral titles and father related ones were selected equally from English and Arabic websites. Drawing on Van Leeuwen’s (2008) framework on critical discourse analysis (CDA) and Sunderland’s (2000, 2006) framework of analysis, the data were analysed and contrasted. The English texts reflected the prevalence of ‘shared parenting’ discourse, whereas the Arabic ones revealed a ‘very traditional parenthood’ discourse. These differences can be attributed to variation in the socio-cultural practices dominant in Arab and Western societies. Such findings will hopefully provide some useful insights for family life educators and parents who resort to such websites.

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