scholarly journals It’s getting late today, please do the laundry: The influence of long-distance commuting on the division of domestic labor

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-306
Author(s):  
Anna Stenpaß ◽  
Stefanie Kley
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Domestic Labor ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Household Tasks ◽  
Labor Division ◽  
Second Shift ◽  
Journey To Work

The study examines the effect of long-distance commuting on the division of domestic labor in heterosexual couples. A long journey to work can affect other areas of life. Commuters often have lower life satisfaction and their intimate relationships may be impaired by mental stress. When looking at domestic labor the question arises of who is in charge of managing the household and childcare. Do women still adopt the “lion’s share of housework” or take over the “second shift” if they spend part of the day on long commutes to work and back home? A long commute is defined as a journey to work of at least 45 minutes, daily or several times a week. We present the results of pooled regression analysis and fixed effects regressions conducted on data from the German Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam) for the years 2013, 2015, and 2016. The pooled analysis suggests a moderate association between a woman’s long commute and her partner’s engagement in housework and childcare, especially when she commutes daily. Instead of living ‘reversed roles’, the partners share such tasks. However, when the association between a woman’s long commute and her partner’s engagement in childcare is estimated exclusively with fixed regression, it remains significant. If the man is a long-distance commuter, most often his partner is solely responsible for all household tasks. Relative labor market position and income distribution within the couples, as well as adherence to gender roles explain the effects of long-distance commuting on labor division.

Effects of Attachment Styles on the Experience of Equity in Heterosexual Couples Relationships

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Grau ◽  
Jörg Doll
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Equity Ratio

Abstract. Employing one correlational and two experimental studies, this paper examines the influence of attachment styles (secure, anxious, avoidant) on a person’s experience of equity in intimate relationships. While one experimental study employed a priming technique to stimulate the different attachment styles, the other involved vignettes describing fictitious characters with typical attachment styles. As the specific hypotheses about the single equity components have been developed on the basis of the attachment theory, the equity ratio itself and the four equity components (own outcome, own input, partner’s outcome, partner’s input) are analyzed as dependent variables. While partners with a secure attachment style tend to describe their relationship as equitable (i.e., they give and take extensively), partners who feel anxious about their relationship generally see themselves as being in an inequitable, disadvantaged position (i.e., they receive little from their partner). The hypothesis that avoidant partners would feel advantaged as they were less committed was only supported by the correlational study. Against expectations, the results of both experiments indicate that avoidant partners generally see themselves (or see avoidant vignettes) as being treated equitably, but that there is less emotional exchange than is the case with secure partners. Avoidant partners give and take less than secure ones.

Self-Reported Control over Decision-Making and its Relationship to Intimate Relationships

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 560-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Zak ◽  
Christine Collins ◽  
Lisa Harper ◽  
Michele Masher
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Interpersonal Control

After making decisions designed to prime perceptions of interpersonal control, data from 178 heterosexual couples indicated that intimates classified as having unequal control blamed their partners more for conflicts and reported less trust and satisfaction than those intimates reporting equal control.

Abstract MP26: Biomarkers of n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and CVD Risk: A Global Pooling Project of 19 Cohort Studies

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Marklund ◽  
Tzu-An Chen ◽  
Janette de Goede ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
Federica Laguzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Tissue Biomarker ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Background: Despite cholesterol-lowering and other potential beneficial properties of dietary linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6), LA has been considered pro-inflammatory and is a precursor to arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6), which has also been considered harmful for CVD. Thus, the role of n-6 fatty acids in CVD prevention remains debated. Objective: To investigate across harmonized global studies the relation of circulating/tissue biomarker levels of LA and AA with incidence of CVD, CHD, and stroke. Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis within a global consortium of prospective cohort or nested case-control studies having circulating or tissue biomarker measures of LA and AA. Each study ascertained CVD risk, including incident CVD, CHD, ischemic stroke (IS), and/or CVD mortality in adults with no prevalent CVD at baseline. Standardized individual-level analysis was conducted in each study using pre-specified models, exposures, outcomes, and covariates. Study-specific estimates were pooled using inverse variance-weighted fixed effects meta-analysis. Results: We evaluated 19 studies, including 6,569 total CVD events, 2,407 CVD deaths, 6,557 CHD events, and 2,237 IS events (values may not sum due to cohort-specific outcomes). In continuous (90th vs 10th percentile) multivariable-adjusted analyses, higher levels of both LA and AA were associated with lower risk of incident CVD, with modest between-compartment heterogeneity (I2=33-35%) (Figure). LA and AA were inversely associated with CVD mortality, with RRs (95% CI): LA 0.81 (0.73 - 0.90) and AA 0.90 (0.81 - 0.99). LA, but not AA, was associated with lower risk of incident CHD and IS, with RRs (95% CI) 0.94 (0.88 - 0.99) and 0.80 (0.69 - 0.92), respectively. Conclusions: Based on harmonized analysis of multiple studies on free-living populations, biomarker levels of the two major n-6 fatty acids are associated with lower risk of CVD incidence and mortality. Relevance of potential differences in compartment-specific associations requires further investigation.

Gender Differences in the Motivations for the Use of Sanctions in Conflicts Within Muslim and Jewish Couples

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093549
Author(s):  
Wafaa Sowan-Basheer ◽  
Zeev Winstok
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Orthodox Jewish ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Preliminary Estimate ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
First Time ◽  
Empirical Implications

This study aimed to examine differences between men and women and between Muslims, secular Jews, and religious Jews in their motivations for using sanctions within their intimate relationships. This work involved heterosexual couples from the general population. The sample included 95 Muslim, 68 secular Jewish, and 70 ultra-orthodox Jewish couples (466 participants). The findings of the study show that sanction use during times of conflict is prevalent among the vast majority of couples. Motivations for the use of sanctions are stronger among women than men. In addition, the strongest motivation expressed by both genders was a motivation for conflict resolution. This is the first time that sanctions, as a tactic to cope with conflict, have been addressed in a scholarly manner. This study provides a preliminary estimate of how commonly these types of behaviors are used in intimate relationships. Theoretical and empirical implications of the theoretical framework and the findings are discussed, including the role of the use of sanction in the escalation of intimate partner conflicts.

The Effect of Residential Mobility on Student Performance: Evidence From New York City

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1380-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Cordes ◽  
Amy Ellen Schwartz ◽  
Leanna Stiefel
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
York City ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Positive Effects

Residential mobility is likely to have consequences for student performance, but prior empirical work is largely correlational and offers little insight into its impacts. Using rich, longitudinal data, we estimate the effects of residential mobility on the performance of New York City public school students. Using both student fixed effects and instrumental variables approaches, we find that long-distance moves have negative effects, while short-distance moves improve student performance. These differential effects are partially, but not fully, explained by school mobility. Rather, the positive effects of short-distance moves may be explained by improvements in housing, while the negative impacts of long-distance moves may be explained by lower performance relative to school peers and loss of social capital.

The Associations Between Perceived Harsh and Controlling Parenting, Shame Proneness, and Psychological Aggression Among Chinese Dating Couples

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-768
Author(s):  
Yanqun Peng ◽  
Jared R. Anderson ◽  
Matthew D. Johnson ◽  
Wenli Liu
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Dyadic Data ◽  
Controlling Parenting ◽  
Shame Proneness ◽  
Dating Couples

Using dyadic data from 198 dating heterosexual couples (aged 18–31) in Mainland China, the current study tested the direct associations between perceptions of their parents’ harsh and controlling parenting and psychological aggression and indirect associations via shame proneness. Results demonstrated that for women, greater perceived harsh and controlling parenting was directly related to higher levels of psychological aggression and indirectly related through higher levels of shame proneness. For men, perceived harsh and controlling parenting was not related to either shame proneness or psychological aggression. These findings provide initial insights into how shame, traditionally a valued and celebrated emotion in Chinese culture, can be maladaptive by contributing to psychological aggression in young adult intimate relationships. Although these findings merit further testing, especially for men, this study provides evidence that shame is an important mechanism for psychological dating violence.

Risk of fall and clinical fracture associated with androgen receptor inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
Zin Myint ◽  
Harry D. Momo ◽  
Danielle E. Otto ◽  
Donglin Yan ◽  
Robert S. DiPaola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Increased Risk

71 Background: Patients treated with androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs) report a higher incidence of falls; although a potential mechanism of action is unknown. This systematic review evaluates the relative risk (RR) of fall and fracture in prostate cancer (PCa) patients that receive ARIs. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search using Cochrane, Scopus and MedlinePlus databases from inception through August 2019, and evaluated all published prospective phase II, III and IV randomized controlled trials that treated PCa patients with ARIs. Reported fall and fractures as adverse events (AEs) were extracted for analysis. Retrospective, phase I, non-randomized phase II, and studies with control arms that used one of the ARIs were excluded. A mixed effects model was used to estimate effects of ARI on the RR, with the included studies treated as random effects and study arms treated as fixed effects in the pooled analysis. Sample size for each study was used to weight the mixed model. Results: Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria. The total population was 11,382; 6536 were in the ARI arm and 4846 in the control (CTL) arm. Study types were: 8 phase III; 2 phase II; 1 phase IV. Subjects in the ARI arm received enzalutamide, apalutamide or darolutamide in combination with androgen deprivation therapy or other enzalutamide combinations while in the CTL arm received placebo, bicalutamide or abiraterone. Treatment duration ranged from 5.4 to 20.5 mo for ARI vs. 5.4 to 18.3 mo for CTL. The reported incidence of fall was 481 (7.4%) in ARI and 201 (4.1%) for CTL. The incidence of fracture was 204 (3.1%) in ARI and 93 (1.9%) in control. The use of ARI was associated with an increased risk: all fall grades (RR 1.83; 95% CI 1.56-2.15; p <0.01); high grade fall (RR 1.69; 95% CI 1.09 – 2.62; p=0.019); all grade fracture (RR 1.56; 95% CI 1.23-1.97; p <0.01) and likely high grade fracture (RR 1.62; 95% CI 0.97 – 2.69; p=0.063). Conclusions: The use of ARI significantly increases falls and fractures in PCa patients as assessed by this meta-analysis study. Further studies would be warranted to identify and understand potential mechanisms and develop strategies to decrease falls and fractures associated with ARI use.

Dynamics of Domestic Labor Across Short- and Long-Distance Family Relocations

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Vidal ◽  
Francisco Perales ◽  
Janeen Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Labor ◽  
Long Distance

scholarly journals Smoking and Incidence of Insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Hu ◽  
Chunyi Wang ◽  
Yan Liao ◽  
Qichen Dai ◽  
Shiyi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Both smoking and insomnia are worldwide problems and this study aims to investigate the impact of smoking on the incidence of insomnia. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and OVID were searched through March, 2020. Cohort studies reporting the effect of smoking on the incidence of insomnia were included. We quantitatively analyzed the basic framework and study characteristics, and then pooled estimate effects with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of outcomes of each included studies using fixed-effects meta-analyses. Results: This systematic review included six cohort studies involving 12445 participants. Quantitatively summarized results suggested smoking could significantly increase the incidence of insomnia (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02,1.13). Regular smoking was significantly associated with incidence of insomnia (OR=1.07, 95% CI:1.01,1.13). As for occasional smokers and ex-smokers, the pooled analysis didn’t indicate a significant association (occasional smoker: OR=2.09, 95% CI:0.44,9.95; ex-smoker; OR=1.02, 95% CI:0.67,1.54). Subgroup analysis by age, gender ratio and region showed statistically significant relationship between smoking and incidence of insomnia in specific groups. Conclusions: Integrated longitudinal observational evidence identified smoking as a significant risk factor of insomnia. Considering the limited amount of available studies, more high-quality and prospective cohort studies of large sample sizes are needed to explore details of this association.

scholarly journals Smoking and Incidence of Insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Hu ◽  
Chunyi Wang ◽  
Yan Liao ◽  
Qichen Dai ◽  
Shiyi Cao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Both smoking and insomnia are worldwide problems and this study aims to investigate the impact of smoking on the incidence of insomnia. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and OVID were searched through March, 2020. Cohort studies reporting the effect of smoking on the incidence of insomnia were included. We quantitatively analyzed the basic framework and study characteristics, and then pooled estimate effects with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of outcomes of each included studies using fixed-effects meta-analyses. Results: This systematic review included six cohort studies involving 12445 participants. Quantitatively summarized results suggested smoking could significantly increase the incidence of insomnia (OR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02,1.13). Regular smoking was significantly associated with incidence of insomnia (OR=1.07, 95% CI:1.01,1.13). As for occasional smokers and ex-smokers, the pooled analysis didn’t indicate a significant association (occasional smoker: OR=2.09, 95% CI:0.44,9.95; ex-smoker; OR=1.02, 95% CI:0.67,1.54). Subgroup analysis by age, gender ratio and region showed statistically significant relationship between smoking and incidence of insomnia in specific groups. Conclusions: Integrated longitudinal observational evidence identified smoking as a significant risk factor of insomnia. Considering the limited amount of available studies, more high-quality and prospective cohort studies of large sample sizes are needed to explore details of this association.

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