scholarly journals Familie im Wohlfahrtsstaat – zwischen Verdrängung und gemischter Verantwortung

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-314
Author(s):  
Andreas Motel-Klingebiel ◽  
Clemens Tesch-Römer
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Older People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Family Solidarity ◽  
Formal Services

In this paper, informal and formal provision of help and support for older people will be discussed in a welfare state comparative perspective, focussing on the relation between intergenerational family help and welfare state support. A range of research hypotheses is illuminated and tested. While the ‘substitution’ hypothesis states that generous provision of welfare state services may potentially crowd out family help to older people, the ‘encouragement’ hypothesis predicts the crowding in of family help. In addition, the hypothesis of ‘mixed responsibility’ predicts a combination of help and support by families and services – and, at last, the hypothesis of ‘functional differentiation’ assumes a specific mix with distinct and characteristic responsibilities of the named societal institutions.Results come from the research project OASIS – Old Age and Autonomy: The Role of Service Systems and Intergenerational Family Solidarity’. This European comparative data is based on disproportionally age-stratified random samples of the urban population (25 years and older) in Norway, England, Germany, Spain, and Israel (n=6.106). Findings show that total help received is more common in welfare states with a strong infrastructure of formal services. Moreover, statistical controls for social structure, pre¬ferences and familial opportunity structures bring in no evidence of substantial crowding out of family help. On the contrary, results support the hypothesis of ‘mixed responsibility’ and ‘functional differentiation’, as they point to the fact that in societies with well-developed service infrastructures, help from families and welfare-state services act accumulatively in the support of quality of life of older people. Help and support is less likely and support mixes are unusual in fami¬ly-oriented welfare regimes. Zusammenfassung Dieser Beitrag diskutiert aus einer international vergleichenden Perspektive die Ausgestaltung informeller und formeller Hilfe- und Unterstützungsleistungen für ältere Menschen. Dabei bezieht er sich insbesondere auf das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen inter- und intragenerationaler familialer Hilfe und wohlfahrtsstaatlich organisierten Unterstützungen. Während die ‚Substitutionshypothese‘ in einer großzügigen wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Versorgung älterer Menschen ein Potential zur Verdrängung der Familie als Unterstützungssystem sieht („crowding out“), geht die ‚Hypothese der Verstärkung‘ von einer Stimulation familialer Hilfen durch wohlfahrtsstaatliche Interventionen aus („crowding in“). Die ‚Hypothese der gemischten Verantwortung‘ prognostiziert derweil, dass eine verbesserte Serviceinfrastruktur vor allem die intensivierte Mischung informeller und formellen Hilfe- und Unterstützungsleistungen nach sich zieht. Die ‚Hypothese der funktionalen Differenzierung‘ schließlich nimmt darüber hinaus an, dass diese Mischung nicht unspezifisch erfolgt, sondern sich charakteristische Zuständigkeiten herausbilden. Der Beitrag berichtet empirische Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts OASIS – Old Age and Autonomy: The Role of Service Sys-tems and Intergenerational Family Solidarity. Grundlage ist eine nach Alter geschichtete urbane Stichprobe von 6.106 Personen im Alter von mehr als 25 Jahren aus Norwegen, England, Deutschland, Spanien und Israel. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die Gesamtheit der von älteren Menschen empfangenen Hilfe in jenen Wohlfahrtsstaaten deutlich größer ist, die eine ausgeprägte Infrastruktur von formellen Dienstleistungen aufweisen. Unter Kontrolle von Sozialstrukturindikatoren, gesellschaftlichen Normen und individuellen Präferenzen, gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen sowie familialen Opportunitätsstrukturen lassen sich dabei keine Hinweise auf eine substantielle ‚Verdrängung‘ familialer Hilfen finden. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen stattdessen die Hypothesen einer ‚gemischten Verantwortung‘ und ‚funktionalen Differenzierung‘. Sie deuten darauf hin, dass in Gesellschaften mit gut entwickelten Dienstleitungsinfrastrukturen die Hilfe aus familialen und wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Leistungen häufig kumulativ vorzufinden sind und so auf die Lebensqualität im Alter wirken, während solche Mischungen in familial orientierten Wohlfahrtsregimes bei zugleich insgesamt geringerer Verbreitung von Hilfen nur selten vorkommen.

Welfare states do not crowd out the family: evidence for mixed responsibility from comparative analyses

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREAS MOTEL-KLINGEBIEL ◽  
CLEMENS TESCH-ROEMER ◽  
HANS-JOACHIM VON KONDRATOWITZ
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Older People ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Formal Services ◽  
Stratified Sample

This paper discusses the informal and formal provision of help and support to older people from a comparative welfare state perspective, with particular reference to the relationships between inter-generational family help and welfare state support. While the ‘substitution’ hypothesis states that the generous provision of welfare state services in support of older people ‘crowds out’ family help, the ‘encouragement’ hypothesis predicts a stimulation of family help, and the ‘mixed responsibility’ hypothesis predicts a combination of family and formal help and support. The paper reports findings from the Old Age and Autonomy: The Role of Service Systems and Inter-generational Family Solidarity (OASIS) research project. This created a unique age-stratified sample of 6,106 people aged 25–102 years from the urban populations of Norway, England, Germany, Spain and Israel. The analyses show that the total quantity of help received by older people is greater in welfare states with a strong infrastructure of formal services. Moreover, when measures of the social structure, support preferences and familial opportunity structures were controlled, no evidence of a substantial ‘crowding out’ of family help was found. The results support the hypothesis of ‘mixed responsibility’, and suggest that in societies with well-developed service infrastructures, help from families and welfare state services act accumulatively, but that in familistic welfare regimes, similar combinations do not occur.

scholarly journals Invited Commentary: Social Cohesion, Depression, and the Role of Welfare States

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-357
Author(s):  
Mikael Rostila
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In this issue of the Journal, Baranyi et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2019;000(00):000–000) examine the longitudinal associations of perceived neighborhood disorder and social cohesion with depressive symptoms among persons aged 50 years or more in 16 different countries. An important contribution of their article is that they study how neighborhood-level social capital relates to depression in different welfare-state contexts. Although the authors provide empirical evidence for some significant differences between welfare states in the relationship between social capital and depression, they say little about potential explanations. In this commentary, I draw attention to welfare-state theory and how it could provide us with a greater understanding of Baranyi et al.’s findings. I also discuss the potential downsides of grouping countries into welfare regimes. I primarily focus on the associations between social cohesion and depression, as these associations were generally stronger than those for neighborhood disorder and depression. Finally, I provide some suggestions for future research within the field and discuss whether the findings could be used to guide policies aimed at increasing social cohesion and health.

Role of Rasayana in Geriatric Care - A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yagyik Mishra ◽  
Negalur Vijay ◽  
Thakor Krunal ◽  
Bhat Nagaraj ◽  
Shubhasri B.
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Geriatric Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Psychological Improvement

The growth of any country or society depends on the number of youth dwelling in that country but according to recent statistical data we soon will have older people more than children and more people at extreme old age than ever before. The number of people aged 65 or older is projected to grow from an estimated 524 million in 2010 to nearly 1.5 billion in 2050. Geriatrics (Jarachikitsa) is the branch of medicine dealing exclusively with the problems of aging and the diseases of elderly. The term Rasayana (rejuvination) refers to nourishment or nutrition. Rasayana therapy act essentially on nutrition dynamics and rejuvenate the body on both physical and mental levels. The problems of health due to modernization can be solved by increasing resistance against diseases and psychological improvement by implementing Rasayana therapy. Aging (Jara) is one among the Swabhavika Vyadhis. Jara Chikitsa is one among the Astanga of Ayurveda which is specifically dedicated for geriatric care. As per estimation, India currently has around 75 million persons over 65 years. By proper administration of Rasayana therapy as preventive tool one can delay Jara Janita Vyadhis to occur. This paper highlights the role of Rasayana in geriatric care.

scholarly journals The Less-Known History of the Voluntary Sector in an East Asian Welfare Regime: A South Korean Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Welfare Mix

AbstractAlthough the voluntary sector is internationally valued as an integral component of the welfare mix, studies on East Asian welfare regimes have primarily focused on state-market-family interactions, paying scant attention to the long-standing and pivotal role of voluntary agencies in their construction. This case study illuminates this less-known aspect of modern welfare history in the context of South Korea, with a particular focus on the activities of voluntary organizations. The study categorizes South Korean voluntary associations into four types and examines their different contributions in shaping South Korea’s welfare regime, by applying Young’s framework on government–voluntary organizations relations. This historical exploration on the South Korean voluntary sector aims to deepen understanding of an East Asian welfare state regime. It further suggests that current welfare mix debates, focusing on the service delivery role of voluntary organizations within Western European welfare states, should be broadened.

scholarly journals Economic Globalization and the Welfare State in Affluent Democracies, 1975–2001

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brady ◽  
Jason Beckfield ◽  
Martin Seeleib-Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
State Expansion ◽  
State Variation ◽  
State Models ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Previous Scholarship ◽  
The Welfare State

Previous scholarship is sharply divided over how or if globalization influences welfare states. The effects of globalization may be positive causing expansion, negative triggering crisis and reduction, curvilinear contributing to convergence, or insignificant. We bring new evidence to bear on this debate with an analysis of three welfare state measures and a comprehensive array of economic globalization indicators for 17 affluent democracies from 1975 to 2001. The analysis suggests several conclusions. First, state-of-the-art welfare state models warrant revision in the globalization era. Second, most indicators of economic globalization do not have significant effects, but a few affect the welfare state and improve models of welfare state variation. Third, the few significant globalization effects are in differing directions and often inconsistent with extant theories. Fourth, the globalization effects are far smaller than the effects of domestic political and economic factors. Fifth, the effects of globalization are not systematically different between European and non-European countries, or liberal and non-liberal welfare regimes. Increased globalization and a modest convergence of the welfare state have occurred, but globalization does not clearly cause welfare state expansion, crisis, and reduction or convergence. Ultimately, this study suggests skepticism toward bold claims about globalization's effect on the welfare state.

scholarly journals OLD AND FORGOTTEN? CARE FOR ELDERS IN MEXICO AND THE U.S.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S64-S65
Author(s):  
Emma Aguila ◽  
Jaqueline L Angel ◽  
Kyriakos Markides
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The United States ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The United States and Mexico differ greatly in the organization and financing of their old-age welfare states. They also differ politically and organizationally in government response at all levels to the needs of low-income and frail citizens. While both countries are aging rapidly, Mexico faces more serious challenges in old-age support that arise from a less developed old-age welfare state and economy. For Mexico, financial support and medical care for older low-income citizens are universal rights, however, limited fiscal resources for a large low-income population create inevitable competition among the old and the young alike. Although the United States has a more developed economy and well-developed Social Security and health care financing systems for the elderly, older Mexican-origin individuals in the U.S. do not necessarily benefit fully from these programs. These institutional and financial problems to aging are compounded in both countries by longer life spans, smaller families, as well as changing gender roles and cultural norms. In this interdisciplinary panel, the authors of five papers deal with the following topics: (1) an analysis of old age health and dependency conditions, the supply of aging and disability services, and related norms and policies, including the role of the government and the private sector; (2) a binational comparison of federal safety net programs for low-income elderly in U.S. and Mexico; (3) when strangers become family: the role of civil society in addressing the needs of aging populations; and (4) unmet needs for dementia care for Latinos in the Hispanic-EPESE.

The American Welfare State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Klosko
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Early History ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Political Justification ◽  
History Of

Background on the American welfare state. What we mean by welfare states; early history of American welfare state; causal factors in regard to how it developed, and the American welfare state in comparative perspective. We also look at the role of political justification in the development of American welfare programs.

8 Welfare state transformation in small open economies

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (S1) ◽  
pp. 161-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERBERT OBINGER ◽  
STEPHAN LEIBFRIED ◽  
CLAUDIA BOGEDAN ◽  
EDITH GINDULIS ◽  
JULIA MOSER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
State Transformation ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Spending Patterns ◽  
Downward Spiral

We examine whether a fundamental change in the core dimension of modern 20th century statehood, the welfare state, has become evident in response to changed exogenous and endogenous challenges. By combining quantitative and qualitative approaches we take stock of social policy development in four advanced welfare states – Austria, Denmark, New Zealand and Switzerland – over the last 30 years. Neither spending patterns nor structural changes support a ‘race to the bottom thesis’, according to which the changed environment of welfare state policies has led to a downward spiral in benefit provision. On the contrary, we show that social spending levels have risen, mainly due to a catch-up of former welfare state laggards. In structural terms, a blurring of welfare regimes can be observed. This twofold process can be described as dual convergence.

EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY OF OLDER PEOPLE IN POLAND – SELECTED ISSUES

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Tomasz Różański
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Human Adaptation

This article is devoted to the issues of educational activity of the elderly in Poland. Defining the term “old age” and drawing attention to the issue of human adaptation to old age were the starting points of the discussion. Next, the most important issues concerning the activity of seniors were raised. Further discussed were the conditions and objectives of the educational activity of older people. An attention was also drawn to the role of institutions, promoting education and culture, in supporting the development of seniors. Moreover, the article refers to the results of selected studies of the issues discussed.  

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