scholarly journals The Imperative Split and the Origin of Switch-Reference Markers in Nungon

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Sarvasy
Keyword(s):  
Reference Markers

scholarly journals AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHIC WATERLINE SURVEY OF AN ESTUARY

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
J. SIndern ◽  
G.E. Schroder
Keyword(s):  
Tide Gauge ◽  
High Water ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Reference Markers

The project of a "barrage across an estuary in Northern Germany was accompanied by a programme to monitor the hydrologic and morphologic situation. This became necessary in order to avoid dangers resulting from the sensitivity of the shallow wadden area to human interference. Various methods to record the morphology were tested. The aerial photographic waterline survey proved superior as it supplies a complete and economic record and allows accurate analysis of the topography. The principle consists in taking aerial photographs at short time intervals between low water and high water, each photo showing a different waterline. The scale chosen was 1:18000, corresponding to a flight altitude of 2700 metres. Rectification of the distorted photos requires reference markers to be distributed over the survey area which measures about 140 km^. By using simultaneous tide gauge records, contour lines can be constructed from the photographed waterlines. This morphologic record is supplemented by submarine survey of the estuary. It is expected that details of sediment transport and of tidal prism changes may be revealed. Predicted and actual effects of the barrage will be compared, which might lead to a better understanding of such coasts.

Abstract 246: Evaluation of 2-Dimensional Aortic Arch Motion at the Origin of the Left Subclavian Artery: Importance of Respiratory Motion

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R Arko ◽  
Keith D Perkins ◽  
Erin H Murphy ◽  
Lisa M Corwin ◽  
Padraig M Curran
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Respiratory Motion ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Horizontal Motion ◽  
Stent Grafts ◽  
External Reference ◽  
Bulk Motion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reference Markers

Introduction: Interactions between components of branched thoracic main stent grafts (MSG) and branch stent grafts (BSG) in the arch have not yet been evaluated. As the chest is subject to both cardiac and respiratory motion, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the cardiac and respiratory effects on interactions between components in the aortic arch. Methods: Two swine had a BSG alone placed in the LSA and two had an MSG/BSG system placed in the LSA. Frames representing the extreme positions of the BSG due to cardiac imposed motion during apnea and through the respiratory cycle were identified in 2-D cines. These images were overlaid as layers, using external reference markers common to each image for accurate overlay positioning. The BSG’s were traced and magnitudes of horizontal and vertical bulk displacements were quantified to evaluate cardiac (CM) and respiratory (RM) [deep inspiration (30 mmHg)]. Relative motion was extracted from bulk motion by comparing displacements at the top and bottom of the BSG. Results: RM resulted in significant difference in bulk horizontal motion compared to CM for the BSG [5.65 + / - 0.07 versus 3.15 + / - 0.63mm, (p=0.002)] and was nearly significant for the MSG /BSG system [4.25 + / - 0.07 versus 2.3 + / - 0.42mm, (p=0.061)]. RM resulted in significant difference in bulk vertical movement compared to CM for the BSG [2.2 + / - 0.28 versus 0.85 + / - 0.35mm, (p=0.026)] and the MSG/BSG system [2.05 + / - 0.07 versus 0.6 + / - 0 (p=0.000001)]. The MSG presence significantly dampened bulk horizontal movement for RM [4.25 + / - 0.07 versus 5.65 + / - 0.07mm, (p=0.0013)] but had no effect on vertical movement [2.05 + / - 0.07 versus 2.2 + / - 0.28mm, (p=0.15)]. RM resulted in significant difference in relative horizontal motion compared to CM for the BSG [4.25 + / - 0.49 versus 2.7 + / - 0.28mm, (p=0.014)] and the MSG/BSG system [1.85 + / - 0.07 versus 0.95 + / - 0.35mm, (p=0.0048)]. RM resulted in significant difference in relative vertical movement compared to CM for the BSG [1.25 + / - 0.07 versus 0.3 + / - 0.28mm, (p=0.002)] and MSG/BSG system [0.7 + / - 0.14 versus 0.25 + / - 0.21mm, (p=0.03)]. The MSG presence significantly dampened relative horizontal and vertical movement for RM [1.85 + / - 0.07 versus 4.75 + / - 0.49mm, (p=0.0004)] and [0.7 + / - 0.14 versus1.25 + / - 0.07mm, (p=0.02)], respectively. Conclusions: RM adds considerably to bulk and relative motion, with horizontal motion dominating. Relative motion accounts for high percentage of bulk motion. The presence of the MSG dampens motion considerably. This is the first study to account for the effects of respiratory motion on branched endografts in the aortic arch. This movement should be taken into account when developing a MSG/BSG for the therapy of aortic arch aneurysms.

Development of a RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of reference markers used for in-situ rat intestinal permeability studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 1147 ◽  
pp. 122150
Author(s):  
Murat Soyseven ◽  
Mustafa S. Kaynak ◽  
Mustafa Çelebier ◽  
Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein ◽  
Göksel Arli
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Permeability Studies ◽  
Reference Markers

ISO 19133 Tracking and Navigation Standard

2005 ◽  
Vol 1935 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Paul Scarponcini
Keyword(s):  
Reference Systems ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Linear Element ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Iso Standard ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Single Method ◽  
Method Of Measurement ◽  
Integrate Data ◽  
Reference Markers

Most information maintained by a department of transportation (DOT) includes a physical location to specify where the data apply. Most often, this location is described with a linear referencing method (LRM). Because no single method is best for all applications, multiple methods are often used in each DOT. Engineers use stationing to locate construction items. Transportation data administrators may use mile point to locate roadway characteristics. Safety officers often use reference markers to locate crashes. TRB has stated that location can serve as an integrating concept for assimilating data from multiple sources. Until now, there were no standards for linear referencing methods; they vary between databases and between DOTs. Consequently, it has been difficult to integrate data from numerous sources by using locations with disparate formats. A new ISO standard should help remedy this situation. The ISO 19133 tracking and navigation standard includes a package for linear reference systems. It generalizes how linear locations are specified to enable translation between locations from different methods. It is based on the generalized model for linear reference, an abstraction of the NCHRP 20-27 conceptual model. According to the standard, locations are formalized as position expressions composed of a method of measurement (LRM), a linear element along which the measure is made, and the measurement itself. Locations can be on the linear element or offset laterally to either side. This paper explains the standard, how it was derived, and its implementation at the Minnesota DOT in its location data manager project.

scholarly journals Vertebrae adjacent to spinal bone lesion are inconsistent reference markers: A magnetic resonance spectroscopic viewpoint

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Rumpel ◽  
Ling Ling Chan ◽  
Lai Peng Chan ◽  
Meng Ai Png ◽  
Raymond K.L. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Bone Lesion ◽  
Reference Markers

The mapping of genes for spore formation on the chromosome of Bacillus licheniformis

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Rogolsky
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Map ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Spore Formation ◽  
Linkage Data ◽  
Early Function ◽  
Reference Markers

A total of 59 asporogenous mutants of Bacillus licheniformis were isolated after treatment with nitrosoguanidine or ethyl methanesulfonate. Forty-one of the 59 asporogenous sites were mapped by SP-15 mediated transduction on an abbreviated genetic map of B. licheniformis which contained 12 reference markers. Linkage data revealed that genes for sporulation occupied at least five separate and distinct areas of the chromosome. B. licheniformis was noted to resemble B. subtilis in that most of the spore genes in both species mapped in a cluster to the left of an identical sequence of terminal auxotrophic markers. The terminal spore cluster in B. licheniformis, as in B. subtilis, contained a locus which when defective, blocked the synthesis of a protease believed to regulate an early function of spore formation.

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