scholarly journals Estudo dos Fatores Sociodemográficos Associados à Aquisição de Infeções Sexualmente Transmissíveis em Estudantes Estrangeiros em Intercâmbio Universitário em Portugal

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Gravata ◽  
Rita Castro ◽  
João Borges-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Oral Sex ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Risky Behaviours

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Sexual transmitted infections are a main cause of morbidity, being a public health problem due to its reproductive complications, mostly observed in teenagers and young adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sociodemographic factors and risky behaviours associated with sexual transmitted infections acquisition and to assess personal awareness of risky behaviour and the knowledge about <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> infection between foreign exchange students in Portugal.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> The main instrument for data collection was a questionnaire, applied to foreign students in university exchange in Portugal, during the years 2012/2013, 2013/2014 e 2014/2015<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Three hundred and thirty eight (338) questionnaires were evaluated, being 58.3% female students, aged between 17 and 30 years old. Mean age for the beginning of the sexual activity was 17.5 years old and the mean number of lifetime sexual partners was 6.9. Concerning the answers given: 11.8% mentioned a sexual relationship with the same gender, 9.5% mentioned that they have never done oral sex and 29% assumed they had practiced anal sex; 82.1% mentioned alcohol/drugs consumption; 21% did not know that Sexual transmitted infections can be transmitted through oral sex and 42.3% did not recognize <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> as an Sexual transmitted infections agent.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> Although sexual transmitted infections can affect individuals of all ages, races and sexual orientation, various demographic, social and behavioral factors have revealed influence in their prevalence rates.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Despite knowing about sexual transmitted infections, these students maintain sexual risky behaviours, mainly early age for starting sexual activity, multiple sexual partners and the absence of protection during sexual activities.</p>

scholarly journals HIV Antibody Seroprevalence and Determinants Amongst Antenatal Clients in a Tertiary Hospital in the Niger Delta

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Kotingo E.L. ◽  
Allagoa D.O.B.
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: The pandemicity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has continued to be a ‘medical quagmire,’ one of the most serious global catastrophe and public health problem that plagues the world today. Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence and clinico-epidemiological correlates of HIV infection in pregnancy. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross sectional study. Two hundred and twenty (220) consecutive healthy pregnant women attending the antenatal booking clinic of the hospital who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Data was collected via a questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS (statistical package forsocial sciences) 22 statistical package (SPSS Inc., Illinois, U.S.A). P value less than 0.05 was taken as being significant. Results: Of the 220 women, 4.6% (n=10) were seropositive for HIV antibodies. Multiple sexual partners was the significant risk factors for HIV seropositivity (p<0.05). There was no significant association with respect to tattoo/scarification marks, female circumcision, previous blood transfusion, intravenous drug abuse or sharing of sharps, previous surgery, episiotomies or dilatation and curettage (p>0.05). Conclusion: The high endemicity of HIV infection in this study justifies the need for routine screening in pregnancy to identify and institute treatment of the infection promptly as this will reduce the mother to child transmission of the virus. Sex education on the dangers of multiple sexual partners or sexual promiscuity, availability of barrier methods of contraception and patronage, more efforts/interventions by relevant agencies, high sense of vigilance amongst others are very vital to curtailing this global pandemic in our society.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Use of Cervical Cancer Screening Among University Female Students at Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 2-2
Author(s):  
Hollo Joel ◽  
Dorcas Mduma ◽  
Jackline Mawolle ◽  
Jane Rogathi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners

PURPOSE Cervical cancer is a major public and global health problem. According to the WHO, it is the fourth leading cancer among women worldwide, with most women being from low- or middle-income countries. It is the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women of reproductive age in Tanzania, where approximately 4,216 women die as a result of the disease annually. Women with HIV/AIDS, multiple sexual partners, history of human papillomavirus infections, contraceptive use, and early onset of sexual activity have increased risk of the disease, including among university students. Poor knowledge and limited screening programs are major contributors. This study was aimed at assessing the level of knowledge and use of cervical cancer screening among university female students in Moshi municipality. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2018 involving undergraduate female students age 18 years and older at three different universities in the Moshi municipality. A total of 322 participants were identified using multistage sampling; data were collected through a self-administered semistructured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS Ninety-two participants (28.6%) had good knowledge, 104 (32.3%) had satisfactory knowledge, and 126 (39.1%) had poor knowledge. About 299 (92.9%) had heard about cervical cancer. The most frequent sources of information were the media (168 [52.2%]); family, neighbors, and friends (106 [32.9%]), health workers (102 [31.7%]); and teachers (75 [23.3%]). Few reported other sources of information. Only 31 women (9.6%) had been screened for cervical cancer. The reasons given for not attending cervical cancer screening were “I have just not decided” (114 [30.4%]), “I am healthy” (81 [21.6%]), “I’m not informed” (49 [13.0%]), and “It may be painful” (42 [11.2%]); 89 women (23.7%) reported other reasons. CONCLUSION Lack of proper knowledge about cervical cancer contributes to low-screening use. Promotion to increase awareness about cervical cancer screening through radio, television, social media, and clubs would be of great importance. Although a lot has been done by the government and other stakeholders regarding screening, the campaigns should focus not only on women but also on university students specifically, who are more likely to have multiple sexual partners and to have engaged in sexual activity at younger than 18 years.

scholarly journals Young and Risky

Eureka ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avnit Dhanoa ◽  
Fatima Ehsan ◽  
Kayla Huxter ◽  
Christine L. Moller ◽  
Liam Nolet-Mulholland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexual Risk Taking ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners

The purpose of this study was to see if risky sexual behaviour has changed from the Millennial Generation to Generation Z. Data were collected at the University of Alberta from participants ranging in age from 18 years to 24 years old. Participants answered 45 multiple choice questions that targeted the use of contraceptives, testing for and history of sexually transmitted infections, unplanned pregnancies, alcohol use, number of sexual partners, first sexual experience, etc. The results of our study suggest that individuals in Generation Z were more likely to participate in sexually risky behaviour in terms of the number of sexual partners. However, there was no significant difference between the two generations in terms of condom use or engagement in sexual activity. Understanding generational changes in sexual risk-taking can better equip communities to provide adequate information and resources to individuals engaging in sexual activity.

IDENTIFYING INDIVIDUALS ENGAGING IN RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR FOR CHLAMYDIA INFECTION IN THE UK: A LATENT CLASS APPROACH

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
BETH STUART ◽  
ANDREW HINDE
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risky Behaviours ◽  
The Uk

SummaryChlamydia trachomitis is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the UK and the number of cases diagnosed each year continues to rise. Although much is known about the risk factors for chlamydia from previous observational studies, less is known about how individuals put themselves at risk. Do they engage in just one risky type of behaviour or are certain individuals ‘risky’, engaging in multiple risky behaviours? This paper uses latent class analysis, applied to the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles II (2000–2001), to determine whether a subgroup of high-risk individuals can be identified and explores which features of their behaviour distinguish them from other groups of lower risk individuals. A 3-class solution was obtained, splitting the sample on the basis of the number of sexual partners in the past year. Those with no sexual partners in the past year (8%) and one sexual partner in the past year (71%) were much less likely to have engaged in any of the other behaviours known to increase chlamydia risk. However, the group who had two or more sexual partners in the past year (21%) were much more likely to have also engaged in other risky behaviours. The number of partners in the past year is therefore a useful marker for identifying those at increased risk of chlamydia infection. Individuals under 25 years old, males and those who were single or previously married were more likely to be allocated to the risky group. However, in spite of observed higher incidence of chlamydia infection, individuals in the black ethnic minority groups did not show an increased prevalence of risky behaviour, after controlling for age, sex and marital status.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Factors Associated With HIV/HCV High-Risk Behaviors Among People Who Use Drugs on Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A 10-Year Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Liu ◽  
Yi-lei Ma ◽  
Xue-han Liu ◽  
Yan-ran Duan ◽  
Pu-lin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners

Background: Sociodemographic factors have an impact worldwide on the behavior of people who use drugs (PWUD). This study attempts to clarify the sociodemographic factors related to HIV/HCV high-risk behaviors (injection drug use, syringe sharing, and multiple sex partners) among PWUD on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in the long term.Methods: The 13,300 PWUD recruited into the MMT program were followed during 2006–2015. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and HIV/HCV high-risk behaviors.Results: We found that male (vs. female), living alone (vs. living with family or relatives), temporary income, financial support from family/friends, and financial support from social welfare (vs. regular salary) were positively associated with injection drug use. Age of initial drug use was negatively associated with injection drug use and syringe sharing. For both genders, being unmarried (vs. married or in cohabitation), living with friends, living alone (vs. living with family or relatives), temporary income, financial supports from family/friends (vs. regular salary), being employed (vs. unemployed/between jobs) was positively associated. In contrast, age at baseline was negatively associated with having multiple sexual partners for both genders. Ethnic of non-Han (vs. Han) was positively associated with having multiple sexual partners simply for males. Being divorced or widowed (vs. married or cohabitated) was positively associated with having multiple sexual partners merely for females.Conclusion: HIV/HCV high-risk behaviors correlated with certain sociodemographic factors of PWUD receiving MMT. There is a need for improving the well-being, employment, and housing status of PWUD on MMT to reduce their HIV/HCV risk behaviors.

Risk or Release?: Porn Use Trajectories and the Accumulation of Sexual Partners

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyler R. Rasmussen ◽  
Alex Bierman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Hurdle Models ◽  
Pornography Consumption ◽  
Nationally Representative

A central question in the study of pornography consumption is whether consumption influences risky sexual behavior. In this research, we focus on one key aspect of risky sexual behavior, the accumulation of sexual partners. Using longitudinal latent class analysis of a nationally representative sample, we determine distinct trajectories of pornography consumption. We then use hurdle models to relate membership in these trajectories to the initiation of sexual activity and accumulation of sexual partners. Even with controls for likely confounds (such as risk-taking propensity and relationship formation), we find that adolescents with a trajectory of early and regular pornography use are more likely to report the initiation of sexual activity and nearly double the number of sexual partners as those with a low-use trajectory. This research is of sociological interest because pornography consumption is becoming increasingly common well before adulthood, suggesting that recent cohorts of emerging adults may be more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior through the accumulation of multiple sexual partners.

scholarly journals Assessment of Ambivalent Sexism in University Students in Colombia and Spain: A Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Aura Yolima Rodríguez-Burbano ◽  
Isabel Cepeda ◽  
Ana Magdalena Vargas-Martínez ◽  
Rocío De-Diego-Cordero
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Social Boundaries ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
The University

(1) Background: Gender-based violence has no geographical, personal, or social boundaries. It constitutes a serious public health problem that affects the entire society. This research aims to identify and compare the level of ambivalent sexism in Spanish and Colombian university students and its relationship with sociodemographic factors. Ambivalent sexism, developed by Glick and Fiske (1996), is considered a new type of sexism since, for the first time, it combines negative and positive feelings that give rise to hostile and benevolent sexism, maintaining the subordination of women through punishment and rewards. (2) Methods: The methodology consisted of the application of the validated Spanish version of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) to a sample of 374 students in their final academic year of the Law program, of which 21.7% were students at the University of Santander (Bucaramanga, Colombia), 45.5% at the University Rey Juan Carlos (Madrid, Spain), and the remaining 32.9% at the University of Seville (Seville, Spain). (3) Results: A high level of ambivalent sexism is reported in Colombian students nowadays. In the two countries. there are similarities (e.g., the great weight of religion and the variation in attitudes towards sexism in people who identify themselves as women, compared to male or students consulted that prefer not to answer) and differences (e.g., absence in Colombia of gender-specific legislation, low number of students who have received gender education in Spain). (4) Conclusions: These findings may contribute to the construction of laws that take into account the particular problems of women and the development of educational programs on gender that are offered in a transversal and permanent way and that take into account cultural factors and equity between men and women as an essential element in the training of future judges who have the legal responsibility to protect those who report gender violence.

scholarly journals Comparison of platforms for testing antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis antigens in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Togo

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Gwyn ◽  
Marcel S. Awoussi ◽  
Ana Bakhtiari ◽  
Rachel N. Bronzan ◽  
Kathryn Crowley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Lateral Flow Assays ◽  
Serological Data ◽  
Multiplex Bead

AbstractTrachoma, caused by repeated ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), is targeted for elimination as a public health problem. Serological testing for antibodies is promising for surveillance; determining useful thresholds will require collection of serological data from settings with different prevalence of the indicator trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF). Dried blood spots were collected during trachoma mapping in two districts each of Togo and Democratic Republic of the Congo. Anti-Ct antibodies were detected by multiplex bead assay (MBA) and three different lateral flow assays (LFA) and seroprevalence and seroconversion rate (SCR) were determined. By most tests, the district with > 5% TF (the elimination threshold) had five–sixfold higher seroprevalence and tenfold higher SCR than districts with < 5% TF. The agreement between LFA and MBA was improved using a black latex developing reagent. These data show optimization of antibody tests against Ct to better differentiate districts above or below trachoma elimination thresholds.

Sociodemographic determinants of disability in patients with schizophrenia (Bulgaria, 2018-2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Veleva ◽  
S Yankulovska ◽  
K Velikova ◽  
M Valkova ◽  
G Grancharova
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Schizophrenia is an increasing public health problem. Despite its low prevalence and mortality, it causes significant disability and has enormous health, social, and economic burden for patients, families, society and health systems worldwide. The aim was to assess the impact of some sociodemographic determinants on disability in patients with paranoid schizophrenia (PS). Methods The study includes 108 patients in Psychiatric Clinic at Pleven University Hospital: 66 males and 42 females, mean age 38.9±10.0, duration of disease 12.8±8.2 years; mean onset of disease - 24 years (Me = 25 and Mo = 22). The study was approved by Ethical Committee. The disease burden was assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (РANSS), and level of disability - by 36-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Four variables (gender, age, education, type of employment) were chosen and their impact on disability was assessed by one-way ANOVA (F-test), Tukey's NDS test, two-sided t-test, Pierson r. Data processing was performed by IBM SPSS v.24. Results The most severe deficits were observed in “getting along with people” (61.34±25.77),”life-activities-household” (55.74±23.45), “participation in society” (53.13±19.12), “understanding and communicating” (41.67±17.67). Age at disease onset and its duration showed weak positive correlation. In most domains, males had higher deficits (р=0.0001). Age had an impact only on “getting around” (r = 0.41;p=0.0001) and “self-care” (r = 0.260;p=0.007). Significant differences (F (2,104)=7.565, p &lt; 0.01) were found between groups by education level and occupation (employed/students, unemployed and disabled) - F (3,103)=16.734; p&lt;0.001. Conclusions Sociodemographic factors play a major role for different function domains deficits in PS patients. Most pronounced is the impact of education and occupation. Patients with higher education and those engaged in study or work demonstrate better social functioning than less educated and disabled people. Key messages Education is an important protective factor for disability. Lower educational level decreases competitiveness in workforce market, both in general population and in patients with schizophrenia. Sociodemographic determinants should be considered in planning appropriate preventive and rehabilitation activities to stimulate better social functioning and adaptation of PS patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Digital Piracy by Youths

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Łukasz Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
New Media ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Digital Piracy ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Risky Behaviours ◽  
Digital Knowledge ◽  
Open Question

This paper sets out to explain how adolescents interpret piracy. Digital piracy is one of the most important risk behaviours mediated by new media to be found among adolescents. It is global, and changes dynamically due to the continued development of the information society. To explore the phenomena related to piracy among adolescent Internet users we need to apply qualitative research methods. The sample contained 1320 Polish respondents. The research used the technique of qualitative research. Data was collected using a form containing an open question. Adolescents will answer in the form how they interpret digital piracy. The categories characterize how piracy is perceived, and includes downloading various files—whether video or music files or even software (also games)—from unauthorized sources (P2P—Peer-to-peer ‘warez’ servers—websites which serve as repositories of illegal files). The qualitative data analysis allowed the identification of the following constructs in the perception of digital piracy by adolescents: ethical (giving value to the phenomenon), economical (showing profits and losses), legal (connected with punitive consequences and criminal liability), praxeological (facilitating daily life), technical (referring to the hardware necessary), social (the scale of the phenomenon and interpersonal relations), and personal benefits. The results fit into the discussion on the standard and hidden factors connected with piracy. The presented seven categories of the perception of piracy help us better understand the phenomenon of the infringement of intellectual property law and will help to develop appropriate preventive measures. Qualitative research makes it possible to understand the phenomenon of piracy from a deeper perspective, which can be translated into the design of effective educational measures. Preventive guidance on minimising risky behaviour is part of the development of one of the key competences, namely digital knowledge and skills. The research allowed us to enrich the theoretical knowledge on risky behaviours in cyberspace among adolescents (theoretical aim), to understand how to interpret risky behaviours in cyberspace (understanding of micro-worlds—cognitive aim), and to gather new knowledge that will be useful for prevention (practical aim).

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