The Hizmet Movement: Negating Radicalism and Countering Extremism

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halim Demir
Keyword(s):  
Peace Building ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Civic Society ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Hizmet Movement ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Education And Conflict

If the relationship between education and conflict is taken into account it can be said that education has a great potential to make a profound contribution to preventing violent conflicts. There is an increasing recognition on the fact that civil society plays a significant role in conflict management and peace-building by participating, engaging and educating the grass roots. As a civic society, the Hizmet movement utilizes social capital in order to alleviate ethno-religious divisions in heterogeneous multi-ethnic communities around the world, and strives to provide the basic pre-conditions for a peace-oriented society to emerge from those communities. This study argues that the Hizmet movement’s educational and social activities in conflict zones have been helpful in minimizing ethno-religious conflicts in order to prevent violence in conflict-ridden zones of the globe.

scholarly journals Unending Wars: Is Nationalism the Snag?

Acta Humana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Collins Nkapnwo Formella
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
World War ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
The World ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
The Relationship

Nationalism has been the major cause of wars since time immemorial and the most pronounced of it was World War I. Although the rhetoric of nationalism is seemingly less used after the major wars, because it adopted a new name, ‘self-determination’ – as enshrined in the UN Charter, Chapter I article 1 –, it remains in the background of many political discussions today and we continually see a global rise in collectivism, marked by religious fundamentalists of ethnic nationalist ideologies, which have resulted in nothing but fierce conflicts in almost every part of the world. Having noticed this increasing phenomenon, this paper tries to establish the relationship that exists between the world’s agenda to globalise and national interests, which have left the world in a rather saddened situation of protracted wars between and within states, and its main thesis is that nationalism has played and continues to play a major role in the violent conflicts that sparkle around the world today, in the guise of ethno-religious conflicts.

Education in Emergencies: A Review of Theory and Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Burde ◽  
Amy Kapit ◽  
Rachel L. Wahl ◽  
Ozen Guven ◽  
Margot Igland Skarpeteig
Keyword(s):  
Peace Education ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Education In Emergencies ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Education And Conflict

In this article, we conduct an integrative and rigorous review of theory and research on education in emergencies programs and interventions as international agencies implement them in areas of armed conflict. We ask several questions. How did this subfield emerge and what are the key conceptual frameworks that shape it today? How do education in emergencies programs affect access, learning, and protection in conflict-affected contexts? To answer these questions, we identify the conceptual frameworks and theoretical advances that have occurred since the inception of the field in the mid-1990s. We review the theories that frame the relationship between education and conflict as well as empirical research that tests assumptions that underpin this relationship. Finally, we assess what we know to date about “what works” in education in emergencies based on intervention research. We find that with regard to access, diminished or inequitable access to education drives conflict; conflict reduces boys’ and girls’ access to education differently; and decreased distance to primary school increases enrollment and attendance significantly for boys and even more so for girls. With regard to learning, education content likely contributes to or mitigates conflict, although the mechanisms through which it does so remain underspecified; and peace education programs show promise in changing attitudes and behaviors toward members of those perceived as the “other,” at least in the short term. Finally, providing children living in emergency and postemergency situations with structured, meaningful, and creative activities in a school setting or in informal learning spaces improves their emotional and behavioral well-being.

Foreldre underrapporterer om konflikter og utfordringer i forkant av mekling. En evaluering av familievernets differensieringsverktøy

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 754-763
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Electronic Version ◽  
Parental Conflict ◽  
Counselling Service ◽  
Safe Environment ◽  
Family Counselling ◽  
The Family ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electronic Administration

Background: In 2016, the Norwegian family counselling service implemented differentiated mediation to give cumstomized help. The differentiation tool (i.e., questionnaire) has never been evaluated. Method: Using a sample of 761 parents, we compared parent responses given over the phone to the family counselling service and anonymously to an electronic version of the questionnaire. Results: One-third of the parents underreported their challenges to the family counselling service, and only 15% of parents who, in the electronic questionnaire reported substanse abuse or violence in the relationship, revealed this to the service. Underreporters had higher interparental conflict and more symptoms of anxiety and depression. Parents who underreported problems with substanse abuse and violence had more physically violent conflicts. Conclusions: There is a need to improve the validity of the differentiation tool. We suggest that parents need information and a safe environment when completing the questionnaire. Electronic administration of the questionnaire may serve this purpose. Keywords: parental mediation, differentiated mediation, parental conflict, partner violence

Evaluering av familievernets differensieringsverktøy_preprint v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solveig Dittman ◽  
Tonje Holt ◽  
Linda Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Version ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Counselling Service ◽  
Electronic Questionnaire ◽  
Family Counselling ◽  
The Family ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electronic Administration

In 2016, the Norwegian family counselling service implemented differentiated mediation to give cumstomized help. The differentiation tool (i.e., questionnaire) has never been evaluated.In a sample of 761 parents, we compared parent responses given over the phone to the service and anonymously to an electronic version of the questionnaire. One third of the parents underreported their challenges to the family counselling service, and only 15% of parents who in the electronic questionnaire reported substanse abuse or violence in the relationship, revealed this to the service. Underreporters had higher relationship conflict and more symptoms of anxiety and depression. Parents who underreported about problems with substanse abuse and violence had more physically violent conflicts. In conclusion, there is a need to improve the validity of the differentiation tool. We suggest that parents need more information and a safer environment when completing the questionnaire. The electronic administration may serve this purpose.

Claiming History in Religious Conflicts

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Peace Building ◽  
Religious Truth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Reasoning ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
History Play

In what way did or does the past lend credence to religion and how did or does the formation of and departure from tradition affect claims to religious truth? How does historical reasoning contribute towards the unravelling of religious conflicts and what role does history play in concrete peace building processes? The contributions to this volume tackle these questions. Collectively, they take a decidedly multidisciplinary and diachronic perspective, throwing light upon an important subject with significant contemporary reverberations.

scholarly journals Moral Suasion or Policy Reforms? How to Tackle Sectarian Violence in Pakistan: The Case Study of Gilgit-Baltistan

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (II) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
Saranjam Muhammad Baig
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Sectarian Conflict ◽  
Implementation Failure ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan ◽  
The Impact

The existing literature in social sciences and humanities analyzing root causes of sectarian and religious conflicts focus mostly on micro-factors. The inability of market and state factors to control sectarian conflict for last seven decades remains understudied by the contemporary literature. This article aims at filling that gap and seeks to identify certain market and government failures that have implications on sectarian and religious conflicts. More specifically, it identifies four market failures namely asymmetries of information, externalities, equity and public goods and three government failures, which include democracy failure, bureaucratic failure and implementation failure. In contrast to the literature shedding light on the impact and gravity of sectarian and religious violence in the country, the purpose here remains to highlight important aspects of public policy reforms for peace making and peace building. This article, based on the aforementioned market and government failures, suggests a whole new set of policy reforms.

scholarly journals Towards Religious Understanding: An Assessment of the Ambivalence Roles of Religious Leaders in Christian-Muslim Relations in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Rapheal Joseph Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Religious Communities ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religious Understanding ◽  
Shaky Ground

The world today is becoming more violent than ever before. Sometimes, the violence can be political, ethnic, economic and or religious. In most cases, distinguishing the main cause of such violence from other causes might be difficult. The factors could be a combination of two issues viz: ethnoreligious conflicts or politico-religious conflicts. The religious experience in Nigeria today, as a multi-religious society so far has proven contrary to the general belief and the widespread expectation of people about religion as an institution that promotes social integration. Christian-Muslim relations in Nigeria today (though being the dominant religions in Nigeria) is standing on shaky ground. The relationship is highly characterized by mutual suspicion, mistrust and distrust. In understanding this characterized reality in their interactions, this work interrogated the ambivalence roles played by religious leaders in Nigeria. And in doing this, the ethnographic research method was adopted. As part of its findings, it was discovered that there is a high level of intolerance among Christians and Muslims in Nigeria occasioned by unguarded utterances and abuse of freedom of speech by many uncensored religious leaders. Thus, setting the stage for avoidable and constant religious confrontations among the adherents of the two religious communities in Nigeria. The study recommends that peaceful co-existence can be possible if the government is responsible and responsive enough to address the basic needs of her masses which would reduce largely the manipulation of religion by clerics for personal gain. Furthermore, the place of meaningful dialogue should be embraced by religious leaders across different religious divides. Keywords: Christian-Muslim Relations, Dialogue, Peaceful Co-existence, Religious leaders, Religious Understanding

scholarly journals Conversation with Maria Power, University of Liverpool

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Christopher Hrynkow ◽  
Maria Power
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Engaged Scholarship ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
Irish Studies ◽  
Community Engaged Scholarship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In the Exchanges, we present conversations with scholars and practitioners of community engagement, responses to previously published material, and other reflections on various aspects of community-engaged scholarship meant to provoke further dialogue and discussion. In this issue Christopher Hrynkow talks to Maria C. Power about her community-based research and her vision for engaged scholarship as undertaken by religious historians. Dr. Maria Power, PhD (History, Royal Holloway), is a lecturer in Religion and Peace Building at the Institute of Irish Studies, University of Liverpool. Her research focuses on the relationship of faith to politics, especially in areas of conflict, and the role that religious organisations play in peacebuilding

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 273-289
Author(s):  
Sudha Pai ◽  
Sajjan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The Relationship

The book concludes that the pattern of communalism and riots in the 2000s marks a new chapter in UP society. The reasons lie in momentous changes within UP society, and a ‘new’ BJP, its leadership, re-invented ideology and strategies. Our model of ‘institutionalization of everyday communalism’ suggests that the relationship between communalism and riots has undergone profound change: it is not riots that promote communalism; rather it is the steady and long-term work at the grass roots by right-wing forces that promotes the growth of constant communal tension. Rather than big riots, the aim is to communalize trivial, daily incidents and create small, low-intensity, calibrated incidents whose purpose is to create deep-seated Hindu–Muslim polarization. UP with its divisive communal past, economic backwardness, pervasive social inequalities, continuing conservative outlook and entrenched caste/communal identities, has produced a specific variant of communalism that will impact on the democratic fabric of our country.

Motivations, Expectations, and Tribulations

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-100
Author(s):  
C. Riley Augé
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Beginning with a brief explanation of British geographical origins and circumstances, this chapter proceeds to explain the motivations, expectations, and tribulations that contributed to the Puritan colonists’ overall experience as one of heightened anxiety and fearfulness. Looking at the difficulties they faced with the environmental challenges, high mortality rates, fear of darkness and forests, the cultural otherness of the indigenous populations, and their own social and religious conflicts, reveals the numerous crises the colonists had to contend with. To highlight the relationship of gender to the magical mindset and to the tribulations of the colonial experience in New England, Chapter 5 concludes with a discussion of the rigid and explicit delineation and enactment of Puritan gender expectations including speech restrictions.

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